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4 Pages

GeneticVariation_Student_handout

Course: BOWLINGB 2, Fall 2008
School: W. Kentucky
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Word Count: 907

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ofdifferentallelesdifferentversionsofagene.Eachindividualhastwoalleles,somewillhave GeneticVariation ConsidertheDNAsequence(genotypes)ofthetwoindividuals.Theseareactuallysequences thesamealleles(homozygous),andotherswillhavetwodifferentalleles(heterozygous). Preparation 1. Asmall,butimportant,portionofthesequencesisshownbelow.Writethesequence ofAlleleAatthetopofanotecardandAlleleBontheothernotecard. AlleleA...

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ofdifferentallelesdifferentversionsofagene.Eachindividualhastwoalleles,somewillhave GeneticVariation ConsidertheDNAsequence(genotypes)ofthetwoindividuals.Theseareactuallysequences thesamealleles(homozygous),andotherswillhavetwodifferentalleles(heterozygous). Preparation 1. Asmall,butimportant,portionofthesequencesisshownbelow.Writethesequence ofAlleleAatthetopofanotecardandAlleleBontheothernotecard. AlleleA AlleleB 2. NowdeterminethecorrespondingRNAsequencesandwritethatbelowtheDNA sequenceonthenotecard.Whatprocessareyousimulatinghere? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Next,determinetheaminoacidsequence.Thisprocessiscalled _____________________________________________________________________. WhatistheresultoftheonesmallnucleotidechangeintheDNAsequence? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Finally,indicatethegenotypeandphenotypeofthealleleonyournotecards.AlleleAis thenormalhemoglobinreferredtoasHbA.AlleleBisthesicklehemoglobin,HbS. MultipleGenerations 1. Wearegoingtosimulatetheeffectsofthisvariationonmultiplegenerations.Beginby havingyourtwoallelesinfrontofyou.FillinGeneration1onthetable.Youandyour partneraretheparentsandyoushouldbothbeginasheterozygotes,oneofeachofthe alleles.YouaregoingtoflipacointodeterminewhichalleleyouwillpassonHbA correspondstoheads,HbStotails.Whatprocessistheflippingofthecoinsimulating? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Nowcombineyourallelethatyoupassonwiththatofyourpartners.Whatprocessare wesimulatinghere?______________________________________________________ ForGeneration1underChild1indicatethegenotypetheresults.Repeattheexercises todeterminethegenotypeofChild2. 3. ForGeneration2,eachofyouwillnowtakeonthegenotypeofoneofthechildren.Go andmatewithanotherpersonintheclasstodeterminethegenotypesforthenext generation.ContinuethiswithGenerations3and4.Canyouidentifyanytrends? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Generation 2 1 3 4 Parent1 Parent2 Child1 Child2 EffectofNaturalSelection 1. Thisgeneticvariationjusthappenedtoexistthousandsofyearsagoinafewpeople.It turnsoutthatforthosethatlivedinregionswithmalaria(primarilyinareasofAfrica andtheMediterranean),thoseindividualswiththeHbSallelehadanadvantage;they wouldnotgetassickwheninfectedwiththemalariaparasiteasthosethatdidnot possesstheallele.However,individualsthathadtwocopiesoftheHbSallelesuffer fromSickleCellAnemia,adiseasethatcanbedebilitatingandfrequentlyfatalifnot treated.Thus,individualswithHbSHbAweremorelikelytosurvivethanthosewith HbAHbAandHbSHbS. Wearegoingtorepeattheexercisedoneearliertakingintoaccountthesuccessofthe differentgenotypes.ForGeneration1returntoyourpartnerandstartasa heterozygousindividual.Flipthecoinanddeterminethealleleyouwillpasson. However,therearedifferentsurvivalratesfordifferentgenotypesthatyoumust consider: Childrenthatareheterozygous(HbAHbS)willalwayssurvive. ChildrenthathaveSickleCellAnemia(HbSHbS)willnotsurviveto adulthood.Youmustmateagaintogetaviablechild. ChildrenthatareHbAHbAonlysurvive50%ofthetime.Flipacointo determineifthechildsurvives.Ifyougetheadsthechildsurvives.If yougettails,thechilddoesnotsurvivetoadulthoodandyoumust mateuntiltogetaviablechild. 2. ForGeneration2,eachofyouwillnowtakeonthegenotypeo...

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