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14: Ch. Psychological Disorders Defining Abnormality Distress Impairment Danger Cultural and social influences Explaining Abnormality: The Diathesis-Stress Model "Diathesis"=Biological Factors Stress Genes Neurotransmitters Brain Structure and Function Illness, injury trauma Relationship problems Cultural/societal influences Labels and Abnormality Rosenhan: "On being sane in insane places" 8 pseudopatients claimed to hear voices Admitted to psychiatric hospitals Stopped reporting symptoms Categorizing Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) Axis I: clinical disorders Axis II: personality disorders and mental retardation Axis III: general medical conditions Axis IV: psychosocial and environmental problems Axis V: global assessment of functioning Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorder Affect, Behavior, Cognition Diagnosed with 2+ weeks of 5 or more of these: Depressed mood. Significant weight (loss > 5%) within 1 month not due to diet. Insomnia or hypersomnia. Diminished interest or pleasure in activities. Psychomotor agitation or retardation (observable by others). Fatigue or loss of energy. Feelings of worthlessness, inappropriate/excessive guilt. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness. Thoughts of death or suicide. Depression Depression Statistics 2-3 times more common in ______ Prevalence: Duration: Depression and Suicide 30% of clinically depressed people attempt suicide; Half succeed (4:1 men) Ask about it. Talk about it when it's brought up. Encourage and facilitate steps to get help. Remove firearms, drugs, and avoid leaving the person alone. Watch for planning and increased activity. Strategies to Prevent Suicide Explaining Mood Disorders Genetics Brain 69% concordance between MZ twins Depression or anxiety disorders are 3x more likely in offspring of depressed parents Prefrontal Cortex May not stimulate key neurotransmitters: Amygdala HPA Axis Hippocampi The person Beck's negative triad Learned helplessness Attributional style Rumination The group Life stressors Daily hassles vs. uplifts Withdrawal=lack of social reinforcement Contagion (being around depressed people) Mood Disorders Bipolar disorder 1+ Manic episode, which is 1+ week of: Grandiosity, elevated self-esteem Reduced need for sleep Increase in talkativeness, pressure to talk Racing thoughts Distractibility, poor attentional focus Increased goal-direct (projects)/psychomotor activity agitation Excessive pleasure seeking and risk taking Mood Disorders Lifetime prevalence of Bipolar: Often cycles with depression Formerly called "manic depression" Genes: 80% concordance btw. bipolar and mood disorders in identical twins Runs in families w/depression, ADD and OCD Brain Function: Treating Mood Disorders Depression Drug Treatments: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI's) MAO-Inhibitors Tricyclics New finding: Substance P (in amygdala, also signals pain) blocker may reduce depression. Treating Mood Disorders Bipolar Drug Treatments: Lithium Reduces intracellular activity producing action potentials Anti-epileptic drugs (increase GABA) Anxiety Disorders Generalized anxiety disorder ~3% of population Excessive and non-specific anxiety or worry Panic attacks (unpredictable and life altering) Panic disorder (~3% lifetime prevalence) =>Agoraphobia Locus coeruleus The BIS Anxiety sensitivity Anxiety Disorders Phobias Social phobia Lifetime prevalence 13% Specific phobia Animal fears Blood-injection-injury fears Natural environment fears Situation fears Miscellaneous fears Lifetime prevalence 10% Anxiety Disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Obsession Compulsion Lifetime prevalence 2-3% Anxiety Disorders Understanding Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Brain Overactivity of the caudate nucleus of basal ganglia-a loop for repetitive thoughts and action Negative reinforcement Metacognitive accuracy Family stress or rejection Person Group Anxiety Disorders Drug Treatments for Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder, Social phobia, OCD Anti-depressants (SSRI's) Generalized Anxiety, Specific phobia encounters Benzodiazepines (increase GABA) Xanax, Valium, Librium Replaced Barbiturates (Phenobarbital) Anxiety Disorders Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Traumatic event Fear and helplessness Symptoms Re-experience event Avoidance and emotional numbing Heightened arousal Lifetime prevalence 8% (among Americans) Anxiety Disorders Brain level: Genetic predisposition Overactive locus coeruleus (Symp. N.S.) & Amygdala Small hippocampi, linked to intrusive memories More cortisol receptors (stronger stress response) Person level: Anxiety Disorders Group level: Trauma involving personal interaction is more likely to lead to PTSD than natural disasters or 2nd/3rd party events. Social support helps prevent PTSD
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USC >> PSYC >> 100 (Spring, 2007)
Schizophrenia Schizo = split; Phren = mind A thought disorder, with affective and behavioral symptoms Lifetime prevalence 1% Typical onset: early 20\'s Withdrawal Emotional outbursts Change in hygiene, appearance Diagnosis 6 months of unusu...
USC >> PSYC >> 100 (Spring, 2007)
Dissociative Disorders Symptoms Identity confusion Identity alteration Derealization Depersonalization Amnesia Dissociative amnesia Select retrograde Dissociative fugue Extensive retrograde + disappearance Typically return with amnesia f...
USC >> PSYC >> 100 (Spring, 2007)
Ch. 16: Social Psychology Meeting of the Minds Social Cognition Impression formation Halo Effect Primacy Effect Self-fulfilling prophecy Expectations Applies to self and to others \"top-down\" processing How angry is she? How sad is ...
USC >> PSYC >> 100 (Spring, 2007)
Neurotransmitters (ch. 3) and Drugs (ch. 6) Neurotransmitters Key terms: Synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter Reuptake Vesicles Receptor Binding Flash demonstration of action potential triggering neurotransmitter release, which binds to receptors: ...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Managerial Accounting and the Business Environment Chapter One McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Comparison of Financial and Managerial Accounting Financial Accounting 1. Users 2. Time focus 3. Verifiability versus...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Costs Terms, Concepts and Classifications Chapter Two PART 1 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Classifying Costs Purpose of classification Preparing an income statement and balance sheet Cost classifications Pro...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Costs Terms, Concepts and Classifications Chapter Two PART 2 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Comparing Merchandising and Manufacturing Activities Merchandisers . . . Buy finished goods. Sell finished goods. M...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Systems Design: Job-Order Costing Chapter Three McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Types of Product Costing Systems Process Costing Job-order Costing A company produces many units of a single product. One unit ...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Cost Behavior: Analysis and Use Chapter Five McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Types of Cost Behavior Patterns Summary of Variable and Fixed Cost Behavior Cost Variable In Total Total variable cost is proportional...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Cost-Volume-Profit Relationships (CVP) McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CVP Analysis: The Contribution Approach McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Contribution Approach Each ...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Variable Costing: A Tool for Management McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Overview of Absorption and Variable Costing Absorption Costing Direct Materials Variable Costing Product Costs Product Costs Direct Labor...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Activity-Based Costing: A Tool to Aid Decision Making Chapter Eight McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Activity-Based Costing Model Cost Objects (e.g., products, customers, orders) Activities Consumption of Resour...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Profit Planning and Budgeting McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Basic Framework of Budgeting What is a budget? What was your Spring Break spending budget? Did you spend within or over your budget? To be effecti...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
The Balanced Scorecard Chapter Ten Pages 449 - 455 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Balanced Scorecard Management translates its strategy into four key performance measures that employees understand and accep...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Standard Costs McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Standard Costs Standards are benchmarks or \"norms\" for measuring performance. Two types of standards are commonly used. Quantity standards specify how much of an inp...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Flexible Budgets and Overhead Analysis Chapter Eleven McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Static Budgets and Performance Reports Hmm! Comparing static budgets with actual costs is like comparing apples and oranges. ...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Segment Reporting and Decentralization Chapter Twelve McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Decentralization in Organizations Benefits of Decentralization Lower-level managers gain experience in decision-making. Lower-...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Evaluating Investment Centers Chapter Twelve Pages 555 - 565 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Two methods of evaluation Investment centers are often evaluated using two methods: Return on Investment (ROI) Residua...
USC >> BUAD >> 250B (Spring, 2007)
Relevant Costs for Decision Making McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Cost Concepts for Decision Making 1. 2. 3. 4. What is a relevant cost? Differential or avoidable cost? Sunk Cost? Opportunity cost? McGraw-Hill/...
USC >> POSC >> 377 (Summer, 2007)
1. What does Ali Hashemi\'s life tell us about: a. Shi\'i seminaries (trivium, teaching and learning methods) and Ali\'s schooling? Would learn by memorizing full works Ali began at state school o Lower school learn 5 thousand verses and upper school le...
USC >> REL >> 471 (Fall, 2007)
REL 471 Jesus 8/28/07 Critical reading vs traditional way DO the readings before thursday Pick up course reader from magic machine First Quiz on the 4th Reading the gospels before the rennaissance: How you read the gospels changed over 1500 years ...
USC >> REL >> 471 (Fall, 2007)
8-30-07 New way of reading the Gospels preceded by traditional way. 35 gospels known of at this point, few do we have in their entirety. Matt, Mark, Luke John, Judas, infancy gospel of James, Thomas Others are known by title only, or author is unknow...
Cornell >> HIST >> 2560 (Spring, 2007)
Key Terms January 22nd-Swords, Sandals, and Status George C. Marshall-American Secretary of Defense/State. Compared the cold war to the Peloponnesian War. William Blake- 1757-1827. English poet. His ideas clashed with classical philosophers and thin...
Cornell >> HIST >> 2560 (Spring, 2007)
The Trojan War Barry Strauss Achilles Mythical king of Phthia and heroic warrior who is a main character in the Trojan War. Aeneas Son of Anchises and goddess Aphrodite, fights in Trojan War and rules in rebuilt, postwar Troy. Minor character in I...
Stanford >> MATH >> 51 (Fall, 2007)
...
USC >> ECON >> 203 (Fall, 2007)
CHAPTER 1 (8 Questions) What o o o is scarcity? Scarce economic resources mean limited goods and services Scarcity restricts options and demands choices Because we \"can\'t have it all,\" we must decide what we will have and what we must forgo What is e...
USC >> WRIT >> 140 (Fall, 2007)
Guertin 1 Michael Guertin Writing 140 Maggie Flynn October 25, 2007 Assignment #3 Reproductive Cloning: The Unethical Dangers French philosopher Albert Schweitzer once stated, \"The farmer who mows a blossoming meadow to feed his animals with the colo...
Stanford >> ECON >> 50 (Fall, 2007)
Economics 50 Chapter 1 Analyzing Economic Problems 1.1 Why Study Microeconomics? 1.2 Three Key Analytical Tools 1.2.1 Exogenous variable a variable whose value is taken as given in the analysis of an economic system 1.2.2 Endogenous variable a var...
Stanford >> CHEM >> 35 (Spring, 2007)
FINAL EXAM, Chemistry 35, June 3, 2005 Professor Waymouth Name: Section: No. Day Time T.A. I have observed the Stanford Honor Code during this examination. Signature: INSTRUCTIONS: This examination is on 15 pages, none of them blank. CHECK YOUR COPY....
Stanford >> CHEM >> 35 (Spring, 2007)
...
Stanford >> CHEM >> 35 (Spring, 2007)
Chemistry 35 Final Exam June 12, 2006 Instructions: The exam is to be completed within 3 hours Please answer all questions in the spaces provided. Blank sheets are provided in the back of the exam if scratch paper is needed. Be sure to hand in all pa...
Stanford >> CHEM >> 35 (Spring, 2007)
...
USC >> COMM >> 383m (Fall, 2007)
Bermina Jackson October 13, 2007 Com 322 Paper #2 The article ,The Court Shirks, written by the New York Sun, discusses the stalemate which occurred when the Supreme Court of the United States accepted to hear the case of New York City Board of Educ...
USC >> COMM >> 301L (Fall, 2007)
Comm301 How do we learn from the world around us? Personal experience and indirect sources We learn about thing like probability; cause, effect o But science makes these clear and gives ways to deal with them systematically o Ex: The harder you work ...
USC >> ECON >> 205 (Fall, 2007)
Macroeconomics Ch.9 I. Meaning of Equilibrium GDP A. Equilibrium- situation in which neither consumers nor firms have any incentive to change their behavior, they are content to continue with things as they are a. Equilibrium of GDP on demand side is...
USC >> HIST >> 300 (Fall, 2005)
Final Exam Notes 1) How history borrows from other disciplines for example historians borrow from psychoanalysis from John Brown, political analysis from the jungle, legal analysis from Vanzetti, and cultural analysis from - John Brown had become a s...
USC >> HIST >> 300 (Fall, 2005)
1 HIST 300 Shaara 11/17/06 Historical fiction allows people to compare an unreal story to events from the past. It serves as a valuable way to compare and contrast relations one may have with the context of a book with events and proceedings from th...
USC >> HIST >> 300 (Fall, 2005)
1 History 300 Professor Seip Historical Calamity Historians oftentimes apply creative imagination in order to provide plausible interpretations of past events that are widely accepted and fresh. Natalie Zemon Davis\' The Return of Martin Guerre is a ...
USC >> HIST >> 300 (Fall, 2005)
1 HIST 300 The Future 12/8/06 The past six years present historians with a plethora of defining moments and people which have the shaped, and in many ways, changed the American way of life. History is filled with conflict and resolution and defines ...
USC >> HIST >> 300 (Fall, 2005)
Hist 300 WA-2: Thinking 11/6/06 1 When approaching historical texts, it is difficult to determine a solid standpoint because of the differentiation in opinions. Historical texts are written through the eyes and feelings of hundreds of different a...
USC >> HIST >> 245gm (Fall, 2005)
Identification Terms for Midterm #1 Elizabeth Cady Stanton She replaced the word men in the Declaration of Independence for women because it did not apply to women at the time. Traditionally she pursued domestic changes like: stopping prostitution an...
USC >> HIST >> 245gm (Fall, 2005)
1 Gender and Sexualities in American History Professor Banner TA: Connor The rites and roles of men and women have created a subject which has been explored and analyzed by historians and authors. To understand men and women in human culture it is im...
USC >> HIST >> 245gm (Fall, 2005)
Professor Banner TA: Connor Terms 1. Susan B. Anthony- first involvement was with the temperance movement which dealt with abusive husbands. Dedicated herself to the anti-slavery movement from 1856 to the outbreak of the civil war. She then campaign...
USC >> HIST >> 245gm (Fall, 2005)
January 31, 2006 1. Shaker a. No sex b. The United believers of Christ\'s second coming c. Mother Ann Lee founded- 5 of her children died in childbirth God told her that the sing in the garden of Eden was sex and the way that you can purify if to not...
USC >> HIST >> 245gm (Fall, 2005)
1 The 1960\'s and 1970\'s were times of youthful rebellion and desirable political change in America. Civil rights movements were climaxing with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the United States involvement in Vietnam was highly controversial with hi...
USC >> HIST >> 245gm (Fall, 2005)
Christopher Neils History 245 Dr. Banner Paper Topic and Sources Topic: A comparison of male roles in World War I and World War II Sources: 1) Remarque, Maria Enrich All Quiet on the Western Front 2) Costello, John Virtue Under Fire 3) Fussell, Paul...
USC >> HIST >> 245gm (Fall, 2005)
Christopher Neils Gender and Sexualities TA: Connor A. Issues of Gender 1. My own apartment, a car, and plenty of women, and still, goddamit, I\'m lonely.\" 2. \"A man isn\'t worth anything dead.\" 3. \"You must go into the jungle and fetch a diamond out.\"...
USC >> HIST >> 106g (Fall, 2007)
1 History 106g Professor Goldstein 2) The term feminism is generally linked to the unequal treatment of the sexes and discrimination against women. Feminists today strive to limit those discriminations and foster equality amongst men and women. With ...
USC >> HIST >> 106g (Fall, 2007)
1. Summarize the evolution of the civil service exam system up to the Song Dynasty. Make sure to explain: reasons for its development; important changes in its implementation; how it affected the relationship between the emperor and other nobles and ...
USC >> HIST >> 308 (Fall, 2007)
1 The Conquest of Gaul indirectly reveals many of the archaeological resources founded and preserved to better understand the Iron Age. Written by Julius Caesar, it is a documented account of the initial Roman invasion into Gaul at around 56 BC. Chap...
USC >> HIST >> 308 (Fall, 2007)
3 ways Patrick changes from the way he perceives himself and the way others do. 1) In verse 12, Patrick confesses he is one who is unlearned, ignorant, and an exile yet God lifts him up and inspires him to serve followers of Christ truly and with hum...
USC >> HIST >> 308 (Fall, 2007)
1 Muirchu\'s description of Patrick\'s battle with the druids is a glorified and controversial account of Patrick, which he denounces himself in his Confessio. Muirchu takes an idealized approach when referring to him as \"holy Patrick\" and tries to bui...
USC >> HIST >> 351 (Spring, 2007)
1 Part I. B. Thomas Paine\'s Common Sense is arguably one of the most important documents in early American history. Published January 10 th, 1776, Common Sense sought to expand the concept of independence from England in order to establish colonies ...
USC >> HIST >> 351 (Spring, 2007)
1 Part II. B. The Able Doctor or America Swallowing the Bitter Draught is a metaphorical rendition of America\'s global perception in 1774 and the control that Great Britain over the colonists. The most prominent of characters is the naked Native Ame...
USC >> HIST >> 351 (Spring, 2007)
1 Professor Mancall HIST 351 Final Exam Part I. B. The Antifederalists to the United States Constitution sought to ratify an established form of republican ideals by which democracy would be enhanced in America. Many of the principles originally dra...
USC >> HIST >> 455 (Spring, 2007)
Professor Cox Walkin\' Over Medicine- Chapter 7 Notes: The primary focus of the chapter will be comparing the traditional explanations for woman\'s reproductive life with the ideas behind biomedical explanations. It is said that once a woman reaches pu...
USC >> HIST >> 455 (Spring, 2007)
1 Professor Cox God Doesn\'t Want us to Misuse a Child Process of childbirth leaves a woman\'s body in such a fragile state that any sort of activity, whether it be lifting something or climbing stairs, it can take a hard toll on the body. \"Getting you...
USC >> HIST >> 455 (Spring, 2007)
1 Professor Cox HIST 455 Final Paper Hurricane Katrina was one of the deadliest and costliest hurricanes in the history of the United States. The storm devastated the Gulf Coast, particularly the greater New Orleans area, during the 2005 Atlantic hur...
USC >> HIST >> 455 (Spring, 2007)
HIST 455 Cox The Saltshaker\'s Curse is a historical article about the medical problem of salt intake blacks had during slavery. Slaves were exposed to high volumes of salt deprivation through incessant labor, barracoons, and slaves ships where they l...
USC >> HIST >> 455 (Spring, 2007)
HIST 455 Professor Cox Opening the White Box 1) How has the Radical Science Movement revealed past, current, and future links in racial differences through science? 2) What are the limitations of the Radical Science Movement? How do they make it vuln...
USC >> HIST >> 104g (Fall, 2006)
Midterm Review Enlightenment- What were the prevailing ideas of the Enlightenment? How is Candide an example on Enlightenment literature? How did Enlightenment ideals influence the French Revolution and subsequent events? What happened to Enlightenme...
USC >> HIST >> 104g (Fall, 2006)
History 104 Terms 1) Industrial Revolution- Time period stretching from 1780-1850. Spread throughout Western Europe and North America during 19th century. There was a transformation in social structure with new social classes, new ideologies, environ...
USC >> HIST >> 104g (Fall, 2006)
History 104 Review Sheet Enlightenment - first appears in the early 1700\'s - chain of events started with the age of discovery in 1492, prtestant reformation - absolute truth, absolute monarchies thrown into question - scientific revolution of the 17...
USC >> HIST >> 104g (Fall, 2006)
Enlightenment Reason: Gave birth to a new era of rational thought and interpreting everyday lifestyles. Advocated rationality and reason as the means for establishing order and ethics. It was governed by simple. Unchangeable laws through which everyt...
USC >> HIST >> 104g (Fall, 2006)
History 104 Review Sheet French Revolution Course of Revolutionary Upheaval - led by King Louis XIV - French aided American in their Revolution against Britain o Committed troops and aid to cause o Aid saddled France/ Old Regime with 1bil. In debt o ...
USC >> HIST >> 104g (Fall, 2006)
1 Professor Accampo TA: Pavel Nikitin History 104g Holocaust Horror The Holocaust remains as one of the most agonizing and horrific events in history. It was characterized by the competent and methodical attempt to dehumanize and exterminate as many...
USC >> HIST >> 104g (Fall, 2006)
1 Professor Accampo TA: Pavel Nikitin History 104g Enlightenment Fallacies The age of the Enlightenment gave birth to a new era of rational thought and interpreting everyday lifestyles in European philosophy throughout the eighteenth century. The E...
USC >> HIST >> 104g (Fall, 2006)
Essay Notes -Memmi\'s most important point when he wrote \"The Colonizer and the Colonized\" was to explain why the use of force by the colonized in their struggle for independence was inevitable. Their material and cultural conditions were getting wors...
USC >> IR >> 343 (Fall, 2005)
IR 343 Take Home Final Section 2: Option papers are designed to assist decision makers with leadership positions in foreign policy and defense issues regarding their respective state. National leaders do not solve problems and crisis on their own, bu...
USC >> IR >> 343 (Fall, 2005)
1 Section 1: 1) George Kennan- George F. Kennan was the U.S. State Department\'s leading expert on the issues surrounding the Cold War. He became known as \"the father of containment\" when he introduced the new American policy against the Soviet Unio...
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