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New 8-30-07 way of reading the Gospels preceded by traditional way. 35 gospels known of at this point, few do we have in their entirety. Matt, Mark, Luke John, Judas, infancy gospel of James, Thomas Others are known by title only, or author is unknown Gospel: teachings without narrative, or revelations, or stories centering on Jesus. Only 4 ever had a real chance of becoming authoritative as guides to Christianity. This was assured by about 180A.D. Who wrote it? The gospels were written as anonymous narratives. Nowhere is the author identified. As Christians were reading the gospels they wanted to know who had written them. One of the conventions of reading a traditional book you have to know who the author is and why it was written. The gospels became important enough that people wanted to know who had written them. Beginning in mid 2nd century, we get evidence of authors being assigned to certain gospels. Who was Mark? We know he was connected somehow with Peter, and he was not an original disciple. In 1 Peter, "my son Mark" In Philemon 24 Paul sends greetings to Mark Again in Acts, Mark is in Jerusalem as John Mark, is connected with Paul, and leaves Paul. Presumably the Mark Papius refers to (see course reader Aug 30) is the same one referred to in the gospel. Mark called the interpreter of Peter, Gospel was written after Peter was martyred in 64A.D. Mark was assigned as the author of the Gospel of Mark he heard the preaching of Peter and was asked by others to write it down. Peter was the intermediary between Jesus and Mark. 11th Century Life of Saint Mark is written He was sent to Egypt, as different disciples were sent to dif regions of the known world. He is successful as a missionary, baptizing "into the name of the Father, and of the Son, and the Holy Spirit." a reference to another gospel, Matt Mark's sandal breaks, he goes to a cobbler whose hand he heals Cobbler (Ananias) becomes a believer, and a bishop of the young church there in Alexandria Mark martyred and burned By the time this story was written, Mark had become an independent authority for the Life of Jesus Peter not mentioned once What would establish this authority? His actions, the miracles he works, the way he lives as a follower, the message he conveys. Each of the gospel writers is assigned a certain symbol: Mark's symbol is a lion Luke's is a bull Question raised: Which was written first? Assumed historical sequence coincides with sequence in the Bible. Portraits of the Four Gospel Writers All four men looking at one book: represents that they are all telling the same story. Their unity is emphasized by the way that they're bunched together gazing at the gospel story. Authors not depicted as generic they figures, are individual figures and each has his own story. A person in the 1400s picks up the gospel of Mark and assumes it was written by John Mark. In assigning authors to the anonymously written books, they works gained authority by means of those who were said to have written them. Vienna, Berlin paintings depict John Mark baptizing Ananias and another depicts him healing Ananias. More and more was depicted about John Mark and the story was built up to more popular knowledge. Luke Generally agreed upon that Luke and Acts written by same author. Only when the NT was put together that Luke and acts were separated. So who was the author? Acts 16, Paul on a missionary journey to Alexandria-Troas (Troy) and has a dream to go to Greece and suddenly the POV switches from 3rd person to first person plural: WE, Paul and someone else. So the father of this book would be considered someone who was travelling with Paul. Clear interest in things medical. When Matthew and Luke discuss miracles, Luke focuses more on the details and medicine, Acts does the same thing. In letters of Paul you see someone referred to as Luke the Beloved Physician. And more evidence builds to support his figure. Luke is never built up in the same way that Mark was. Besides his medical connection, Luke is also portrayed as a portrait painter. Late 4th century, woman Pulcheria daughter of Emperor. Woman responsible to lift Mary to a place of importance. She claims to have requested a painting of Mary and infant Jesus painted by Luke the Physician / Painter. She built a church around the painting, and it's later moved to Rome. "There was a plague in Rome and they carried the painting of Mary by St. Luke through the streets and the disease fled in the face of the painting, and the Pope saw an angel on a castle." People start claiming that all sorts of paintings were by Saint Luke. Luke becomes patron saint of Pharmacists, Painters, and Physicians. SO people first get to know about the author and build their knowledge of him, and then they read it. Traditional reading was ALLEGORICAL and had a deeper meaning. Beneath the story is the story of Salvation. A summary of the entire gospel. Why would an author attribute to Jesus a knowledge of the future when that future was unknown at the time of the story? John 1:1 > In the beginning there was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. Logos- the word. The principle of intelligibility through words. Attributes this idea of all-knowing word to Jesus Christ. Ipso facto truth: People read Homer and considered it the truth People reading the gospels, thinking they were written by so-an-so, and considering them truth QUIZ TUESDAY

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