2 Pages

outline09

Course: MT 417, Fall 2009
School: Iowa State
Rating:
 
 
 
 
 

Word Count: 640

Document Preview

(Forecasting) Mesoscale Laboratory Meteorology 417/517 Spring 2009 Instructor: Bill Gallus Oce: 3025 Agronomy Oce Hours: 1:00 - 3 pm Wednesday Phone: 294-2270; email: wgallus@iastate.edu TA: Chris Schaer - 3018 Agronomy; email schaec@iastate.edu TA Oce Hours: 12 noon - 2 pm Thursday Class meetings Lecture period T 2:10-3:15 pm, Weather Discussions MW 3:05-3:30 pm, and Thursday 2:102:35 pm (also possibly on some...

Register Now

Unformatted Document Excerpt

Coursehero >> Iowa >> Iowa State >> MT 417

Course Hero has millions of student submitted documents similar to the one
below including study guides, practice problems, reference materials, practice exams, textbook help and tutor support.

Course Hero has millions of student submitted documents similar to the one below including study guides, practice problems, reference materials, practice exams, textbook help and tutor support.
(Forecasting) Mesoscale Laboratory Meteorology 417/517 Spring 2009 Instructor: Bill Gallus Oce: 3025 Agronomy Oce Hours: 1:00 - 3 pm Wednesday Phone: 294-2270; email: wgallus@iastate.edu TA: Chris Schaer - 3018 Agronomy; email schaec@iastate.edu TA Oce Hours: 12 noon - 2 pm Thursday Class meetings Lecture period T 2:10-3:15 pm, Weather Discussions MW 3:05-3:30 pm, and Thursday 2:102:35 pm (also possibly on some Tuesdays). Lab periods T 3:15-4:30 and Thursday 2:35-4:30. (Many labs will be done in-class, often on Thursday, but sometimes on Tuesday or both days depending on the weather. Take-home portions will usually be due the Thursday of the following week. Lab periods also will be used for occasional forecasting quizzes.) Texts Required: 417/517 Course Notes Mesoscale Forecasting Manual (available in University bookstore). Web page with supplemental material: http://www.meteor.iastate.edu/classes/mt417/ Also helpful Severe and Hazardous Weather (your 311 book), Bluesteins SynopticDynamic Meteorology in Midlatitudes (in library). Additional supplemental material may be distributed in class when appropriate. Course Objectives This course is designed to hone the forecasting skills developed in previous synoptic labs, and expose students to mesoscale analysis and forecasting. Although the rst few classes will explore mesoscale aspects of winter storms, the majority of the course will explore convective storms and the forecasting of small-scale severe weather. After completion of this course, students should be able to explain in a physically meaningful and consistent way both the synoptic-scale and mesoscale features of any weather situation. Syllabus January 13, 15: Course organization; Forecasting heavy snowstorms. (pp 1-16) January 20, 22: Cold-air damming and lake-eect snowstorms. (pp 17-30) January 27, 29: CSI and internal gravity waves. (pp 31-51) February 3, 5: Verication methods; Basic thunderstorm structure, outow boundaries, other mesoscale boundaries. PROBABLE TAKE-HOME LAB (pp 52-54) February 10, 12: Mesoscale analysis and interpretation. GUEST instructor on 2/10 (pp 55-64) February 17, 19: Mesoscale sounding and stability analysis. (pp 143-158) 1 February 24, 26: Wind shear analyses, hodographs, helicity, skew-Ts using to predict severe weather. (pp 143-158) March 3, 5: Storm type: Air mass thunderstorms, multicells and supercells. (pp 99-142) March 10: Mid-term review. March 12: MIDTERM (material through Feb 26). March 16, 18: Spring Break - NO CLASSES March 24, 26: Synoptic conditions favorable for severe storms, SPC IN-CLASS LAB. (pp 65-98) March 31, April 2: Mesoscale convective systems - description, diagnosis. TAKE-HOME LAB (pp 204-229) April 2-4: National Weather Association Severe Storms and Doppler Radar Conference in Des Moines (students are encouraged to attend) April 7, 9: Use of weather radar for severe weather forecasting and warnings. IN-CLASS LAB with GUEST instructor on 4/7 (pp 159-177) April 14, 16: Tornadogenesis dynamics and tornado forecasting (IN-CLASS CHASE LAB). (pp 178-203) April 21, 23: Flash oods, persistent convective events. GUEST instructor all week (pp 230-247) April 28: Forecasting check lists for heavy precipitation and severe weather, miscellaneous topics. April 30: Review May 4: FINAL (2:15-4:15pm) Grading: 40% class exercises 10% forecast contest, weather briengs and nowcast/forecast exercises 23% mid-term exam 27% nal exam NOTE ABOUT DISABILITIES: If you have a documented disability and anticipate needing accommodations in this course, please make arrangements to meet with me soon. Please request that a Disability Resources sta send a SAAR form verifying your disability and specifying the accommodation you will need. NOTE ABOUT ACADEMIC DISHONESTY: In this course, you will be permitted to do some of the weekly lab exercises outside of class. Although I understand it can be helpful to work with others in doing the lab exercises, I caution you to be sure to do your own work. Traditionally, many students receive far worse grades on the exams in this course than on the laboratory exercises, which usually indicates that the students relied too much on others when doing the labs. If I receive lab exercises from two or more students that are basically identical, I will regard it as cheating. All cases of such academic dishonesty will be reported to the Dean of Students. In addition, if problems persist on the lab exercises, I may have to require that they be done in-class. 2
Find millions of documents on Course Hero - Study Guides, Lecture Notes, Reference Materials, Practice Exams and more. Course Hero has millions of course specific materials providing students with the best way to expand their education.

Below is a small sample set of documents:

Iowa State - MT - 443
Derivation of the momentum equation in rotating coordinatesNewton's 2nd law (i.e. the rate of change of momentum, measured relative to coordinates fixed in space, equals the sum of all forces) can be written symbolically as:v d aVa = F dt(1)r w
Iowa State - MT - 311
Meteorology 311General Circulation/Fronts Fall 2007Precipitation Types Rain Snow growth of ice crystals through deposition, accretion, and aggregation. Freezing Rain Rain freezes when it hits the surface. Sleet Usually starts out as snow
Iowa State - MT - 227
FORTRAN 90: Formatted Input/OutputMeteorology 227 Fall 2008Formatted Output Two output statements in FORTRAN PRINT and WRITE PRINT format-descriptor, output-list What is a format descriptor? * A character constant or a character variable wh
Iowa State - MT - 417
Verification Methods and Overview of Basic Thunderstorm StructureMt417 Iowa State University Week 4 Bill GallusHow can you tell which forecast was better? Suppose 80 storms happen Forecaster A issues 200 warnings and gets 60 correct Forecaste
Iowa State - MT - 342
4. Initiation of Raindrops by Collision and Coalescence4.1 Introduction to precipitation physics 4.2 Setting the stage for coalescence 4.3 Droplet growth by collision and coalescence 4.4 Growth models and discussion4.1 Precipitation Physics Centr
Iowa State - MT - 342
3. Droplet Growth by Condensation3.1 Growth of an individual droplet by condensation 3.2 Evaporation of droplets 3.3 Growth of droplet populations 3.4 Factors affecting growth theory3.1 Growth of an individual droplet by condensation CCN once a
Iowa State - MT - 342
5. Formation and Growth of Ice Crystals5.1 Effects of freezing in a cloud 5.2 Formation (nucleation) of ice crystals 5.3 Atmospheric ice nuclei 5.4 Ice crystal growth by diffusion 5.5 Ice crystal growth by aggregation & accretion 5.6 Shape of ice cr
Iowa State - MT - 342
2. Formation of Cloud droplets2.1 General aspects 2.2 The curvature effect 2.3 The solute effect 2.4 Atmospheric aerosols and CCN2.1 General Aspects* Phase changes of water vapor - liquid liquid - solid vapor - solid * Nucleation processes Homoge
Iowa State - MT - 341
* Reading Assignments:4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.25. Heterogeneous Systems5.1 Heterogeneous vs homogeneous * Homogeneous systems: Single phase dry air Thermal equilibrium and mechanical equilibrium Closed system, two independent variables (e.
Iowa State - CHEME - 302
Global Climate Change: What on Earth are we Doing?!Eugene S. TakleAgronomy Department Geological and Atmospheric Science Department Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 50011 gstakle@iastate.eduPROJECT TO INTERCOMPARE REGIONAL CLIMATE SIMULATIONSOu
Iowa State - MT - 342
7. Radar MeteorologyReferences Battan (1973) Radar theory Atlas (1989) Early history of radar in meteorology. Doviak and Zrnic (1984) Recent developments and doppler techniques.7.1 Introduction* Clouds appear mainly on the convective and
Iowa State - MT - 341
* Reading Assignments: 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.42. Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics 2.1 Thermodynamic systemA specified collection of matter is called a system, which is defined by the mass and the composition. a.
Iowa State - MT - 341
* Reading Assignments:3.1 3.1.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.5 3.6 3.6.14. The Second Law4.1 Reversible vs Irreversible processesReversible: A process for which a system can be restored to its initial state, without leaving a net influence on the
Iowa State - MT - 341
8. Hydrostatic StabilityDescribe the states of vertical stratification of atmosphere: * Stable equilibrium * Unstable equilibrium * Neutral equilibrium8.1 Parcel methodd z g = ( - ) 2 dt 2d z g = (T - T ) 2 dt T2d z g = ( - ) z 2 dt T2
Iowa State - MT - 341
7. Hydrostatic Equilibrium7.1 Effective gravityr r r 2 r g = g r k + er + z s Radial gravitation by the planet's mass Centrifugal acceleration due to rotation of the reference frame Anisotropic contributions7.2 Geopotential and Geopotential
Iowa State - MT - 404
Skeptics of Human-Caused Global Warming(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)SkepticsWho are the skeptics?Two rough categories: 1. Constructive criticism, founded in science 2. Others - rehash old arguments, cherry-pick literature, sometime
Iowa State - MT - 454
Material Based on Chapter 5The Planetary Boundary LayerMT 454The Planetary Boundary LayerClass SlideChapter 5 - PBLMT 454Class SlideChapter 5 - PBLMT 454Class SlideChapter 5 - PBLMT 454Class SlideChapter 5 - PBLMT 454Cl
Iowa State - MT - 454
Synoptic Scale Motions II: Baroclinic Instability Based on Chapter 8 of HoltonsAn Introduction to Dynamic MeteorologyChapter 8 - InstabilityMT 454Hydrodynamic Instability~ Possible Topic ~ See Dr. Gutowskis class presentation8.1 Hydrodynam
Iowa State - MT - 404
Guidance Notes for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report on Addressing Uncertainties Challenge: Differences between social & natural sciences Information used Analyses Indicators of changeTable 1. A simple typology of uncertaintiesT
Iowa State - MT - 227
STID = ABR STNM = 72659 TIME = 980530/1800 SLAT = 45.45 SLON = -98.40 SELV = 397.0 STIM = 1800 LCLP = 875.91 LFCT = 551.10 EQLV = 242.12 PRES TMPC DWPC DRCT SKNT 957.00 22.80 1
Iowa State - MT - 411
Heavy snow forecasting rules1) Q: Where do you need to be to get heavy snow? A: Left of storm track, some distance away 2) Q: Why? A: Cold enough to snow, but still in good position for moisture supply and lift from upperlevel forcing (e.g. PVA) and
Iowa State - MT - 311
Meteorology 311Atmospheric StabilityFall 2008Meteorology 311Air ParcelConsider a parcel of infinitesimal dimensions that is: Thermally isolated from the environment so that its temperature changes adiabatically as it sinks or rises. Always
Iowa State - MT - 311
Meteorology 311Norwegian Cyclone ModelFall 2008Mid-Latitude Cyclones What? Low pressure located between 30 and 60 latitude. Impact? Cause of most of the stormy weather in U.S., especially during the winter season. Why? Crucial for predic
Iowa State - MT - 227
FORTRAN 90: Functions, Modules, and SubroutinesMeteorology 227 Fall 2008Purpose First step in modular program design Cannot always anticipate all of the steps that will be needed to solve a problem Easier to break problem up into a series of sm
Iowa State - MT - 227
Introduction, Computer Operations, Data, and Program DevelopmentMeteorology 227 Fall 2008Programming? Programming Language: An artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine (often a computer). (Wikipedia) A standard c
Iowa State - MT - 443
Iowa State - MT - 227
FORTRAN 90: FORTRAN 77 Fixed FormatMeteorology 227 Fall 2007Purpose Students should learn to recognize and use FORTRAN 77 code. Still widely used. Legacy models are written in FORTRAN 77. FORTRAN 90: free form FORTRAN 77: fixed formFixed F
Iowa State - MT - 455
Meteorology 455/555 - Sample Questions1. Estimate Africa's annual average {E} if leaf conductance suddenly was reduced to 25% of maximum on average instead of 50% (but all else remained the same). You may assume g = 65 Pa/deg; S(Ta) = 100 Pa/deg; de
Iowa State - MT - 455
Meteorology 455/555Due 6 March 2006Group Problems - 21. The table below gives the annual average precipitation {P} and evaporation {E} in mm/yr for North America, Africa and Asia. Also given is {P-E} Domain {P} {E} {P-E} North America 645 403 24
Iowa State - MT - 455
Meteorology 455/555Due 25 January 2006 1. Suppose v ! = (10 m ) cos{"t } cos{6#} sGroup Problems - 1g (a) If q ! = (2 kg ) cos{6"} , what is v!q ! if time averaging covers the period 0 t 2/?[ ]g (b) If instead, q ! = (2 kg ) cos{" t} cos{6
Iowa State - MT - 455
Meteorology 455/555Due 12 April 2006Group Problems - 31. Suppose the effect of the midlatitude eddies is to weaken rather than strengthen the extratropical zonal jet. More specifically, suppose that 2 " ! % exp "( ) p ( 200mb , % + [ v * u *](!,
Iowa State - MT - 455
DECEMBER 1997SIVILLO ET AL.809An Ensemble Forecasting PrimerJOEL K. SIVILLOAND JONE. AHLQUISTDepartment of Meteorology and NOAA/FSU Cooperative Institute for Tropical Meteorology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FloridaZOLTAN
Iowa State - MT - 452
Experiments of the Tropospheric Lapse Rate and Climate Sensitivity Using a Two-Dimensional Model: A ReviewI. Introduction Held and Suarez (1977) initially developed a two-level primitive equation model as a tool to gain an understanding of the resp
Iowa State - MT - 452
_Meteorology 452x/552x Grades_ID - Last 4 digitsFinal test (out of 100)Course Grade8812 1451 0456 7914 1292100 86 100 88 93A AA B+ A-Happy Holidays!
Iowa State - MT - 452
Meteorology 452x/552x__GradesID - Last 4 digits Final test (out of 80) Course Grade7777 6023 7496 4597 5806 557576 80 67 57 71 77A A AB+ A AHappy Holidays!
Iowa State - MT - 452
IntroductionUncertainty about the future state of the earths climate has prompted researchers to develop computer models. These models attempt to project the value to critical climatic variables in relation to their present and previously observed
Iowa State - MT - 452
PROBLEMS PHYSICS OF CLIMATE Due: 15 September 2008 There are 2 problems. You are welcome (in fact encouraged) to consult with each other (as well as me) if you have difficulty working on these, but you must each hand in your own answer set. Please t
Iowa State - MT - 452
Iowa State - MT - 452
PROBLEMS 2 PHYSICS OF CLIMATE Due: 24 October 2008 You are welcome (in fact encouraged) to consult with each other (as well as me) if you have difficulty working on these, but you must each hand in your own answer set. Please turn in your work via e
Iowa State - MT - 452
APPENDIX AEdGCM: In Step With National Education StandardsFrom its inception, the EdGCM project has been proactive in ensuring that its educational goals, objectives and science-research activities are in concert with a large number of national ed
Iowa State - MT - 452
PROBLEMS 2 PHYSICS OF CLIMATE Due: 24 October 2007 You are welcome (in fact encouraged) to consult with each other (as well as me) if you have difficulty working on these, but you must each hand in your own answer set. Please turn in your work via e
Iowa State - MT - 452
PROBLEMS PHYSICS OF CLIMATE Due: 19 September 2007 There are 2 problems. You are welcome (in fact encouraged) to consult with each other (as well as me) if you have difficulty working on these, but you much each hand in your own answer set. Please t
Iowa State - MT - 452
Physics of ClimateIn-Class Discussion: Legendre PolynomialsLegendre Polynomials 0 - 6P0(x) = 1 P1(x) = x P2(x) = (3x2 - 1)/2 P3(x) = (5x3 - 3x)/2 P4(x) = (35x4 - 30x2 + 3)/8 P5(x) = (63x5 - 70x3 + 15x)/8 P6(x) = (231x6 - 315x4 + 105x2 - 5)/16Pl
Iowa State - MT - 452
Development of Inter-model differencesExample - pan-Arctic simulationModel domain(grid: 51 x 91; 120 km) Baseline Run:1 Oct. 1985 - 30 Sep. 1986 Wetlands Runs:1 April 1986 - 30 Sep. 1986 Sensitivity Runs:Oct 85 or July 86500 hPa Height
Iowa State - MT - 452
Physics of ClimateIn -Class Discussion: Energy Balance ModelsEnergy Balance Equation1. Net radiation in/out at any latitude balanced by dynamical divergence/convergence 2. Still require global radiative balanceSolvethisequationtogetTs().Suppo
Iowa State - MT - 452
PhysicsofClimateRecall Topic 2: Climate SensitivityHow does climate change when S changes?Other SensitivityHow does climate change when atmospheric composition changes?ConsiderFrom energy balanceThenOther SensitivityHow does clim
Iowa State - MT - 452
Physics of ClimateIn-Class Discussion: Constraints on Dynamic FluxesDynamic Regimes of PlanetsVenus Earth Mars Jupiter~ III ~ II, III ~ I, II ~IIsthereaphysicalreasonforthe transitionfrominnertoouterplanets?FOCUSHERE:JupiterMax Flux vs.
Iowa State - MT - 452
PlanetaryEngineering1Physics of Climate Class ExerciseZeroDimensionalGEBMGlobal energy balance: Radiative equilibrium (in = out)Goal:PlanetsTemperaturesImportant Fact: Sun heats less the farther it is.Important Factor: How does S cha
Iowa State - MT - 404
Global Change: Class ExerciseGlobal Energy Balance & Planetary TemperatureMteor/Agron/Envsci/Envst 404/504Zero-Dimensional, Global Energy Balance ModelZero-dimensional: steady, time-average averaged over all spatial directionsGlobal:average
Iowa State - MT - 404
EcosystemsPrimary Source: IPCC WG-2 Chapter 4 - Ecosystems, their properties, goods and services (Plus parts of WG-2 Chapters 9-16)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)Ecosystems (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 4,9-16)Ecosystem From WG-2 Chapt
Iowa State - MT - 404
Observed Changes in Oceanic Climate and Sea LevelPrimary Source: IPCC WG-I Chapter 5 - Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Ocean Tem
Iowa State - MT - 404
Papers for Seminar 2 Balance as Bias: Global Warming and the US Prestige Press (Boykoff & Boykoff, 2004) Improving How Scientists Communicate About Climate Change (Hassol, 2008) A Suggestion to Climate Scientists and the Intergovernmental Panel on
Iowa State - MT - 404
Observed Changes in Surface and Atmosphere ClimatePrimary Source: IPCC WG-I Chapter 3 - Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)Observed Surface & Atmosphere (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 3)Subs
Iowa State - MT - 404
Historical Perspectives on Climate Change ResearchPrimary Source: IPCC WG-I Chapter 1 - Historical Overview of Climate Change Science(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)History (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 1)The Scientific Basis1. Hypothesi
Iowa State - MT - 404
Observed Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen GroundPrimary Source: IPCC WG-I Chapter 4 - Observations: Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)Observed Snow & Ice (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 4)Components of the
Iowa State - MT - 404
Water ResourcesPrimary Source: IPCC WG-2 Chapter 3 Freshwater Resources and Their Management(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)Water Resources (from IPCC WG-2, Chapter 3)Human Activities Affecting Water Resourcesless ET? less precip?
Iowa State - MT - 227
Average Temperature = 60.15 +/- 1.10 Deg FAverage Wind Speed = 0.25 +/- 0.80 mphAverage Pressure = 1013.98 +/- 0.85 mbMaximum Temperature = 61.60 Deg FMinimum Temperature = 57.30 Deg FDaily Precipitation = 2.44 inches
Iowa State - MT - 227
09 10 2006 00 00 59.5 89 1 35 29.97 109 10 2006 00 01 59.5 89 0 37 29.97 109 10 2006 00 02 59.5 89 0 37 29.97 109 10 2006 00 03 59.5 89 0 37 29.97 109 10 2006 00 04 59.5 89 0 37 29.97 109 10 2006 00 05 59.5 89 0 37 29.97 109 10 2006 00 06 59.5
Iowa State - EE - 528
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 10, NO. 1, JANUARY 2001159Correspondence_Fast Fractal Compression of Greyscale ImagesJean CardinalAbstract-A new algorithm for fractal compression of greyscale images is presented. It uses some previ
Iowa State - EE - 2000
JPEG2000, the Next Millennium Compression Standard for Still ImagesMaryline Charrier Canon Research Centre France mcharrier@crf.canon.fr AbstractWith the increasing use of multimedia technologies, image compression requires higher performance as we
Iowa State - EE - 528
JPEG2000, the Next Millennium Compression Standard for Still ImagesMaryline Charrier Canon Research Centre France mcharrier@crf.canon.fr AbstractWith the increasing use of multimedia technologies, image compression requires higher performance as we