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Kingdom Domain Other Taxa (Phyla, Divisions, subphyla or classes) Defining Characteristics per Campbell 1. extremophiles 2. cell walls w/ no peptidoglycan 1. common environment 2. cell walls w/ peptidoglycan 1. Membrane-bound organelles 2. Nucleus with linear DNA All Eukaryotes 1. Secondary loss of mitochondria 2. Two separate nuclei 3. Undulating membrane 1. Photosynthetic 2. heterotrophic 3. Mixotrophic flagellates 4. Kinetoplast 5. Paramylon as storage polysaccharide 1. Subsurface alveoli (membrane-bound cavities) 2. Cellulose plates 3. Cilia functions in moving and feeding 4. Apical complex functioning in penetration of host cells 1. "Hairy" flagella 2. Hyphae that absorb nutrients 3. Two part walls 4. Biflagellete cells 5. Xanthophyll pigments 6. Brown color 1. No flagellated stages Archaea At least 2 common examples of organisms in each taxa Halobacterium, Halococcus Helicobacter pylori, Bacillus anthracis Goldfish, Cockroach Bacteria Eukarya Protista DiplomonadidParabasalid Paramecium, Ulva Giardia lamblia, Histomonas meleagridis Euglenzoa Kinetoplastids, euglenids Alveolata Dinoflagellate, Ciliates Strameopila Brown and green algae, water molds Rhodophyta Seaweed, red algae Viridiplantae Mycetozoa 2. Phycoerythrin pigment 1. Plant-type chloroplasts 1. Decomposers having complex life cycles with amoeboid stages\ 2. amoeboid feeding cells that aggregate to form reproductive colonies 3. netlike plasmodium as feeding stage 1. Pseudopodia that function in movement and feeding 2. Lobe like pseudopodia 3. ray-like pseudopodia 4. porous shells 1. Eukaryotes 2. multicelluar 3. differ from other eukaryotes in nutritional mode 4. differ from other eukaryotes in structural organization 5. differ from other eukaryotes in growth 6. differ from other eukaryotes in reproduction 1. Mostly aquatic 2. Uniflagellated zoospores 3. Form coenocytic hyhae 4. Some unicellular 5. Most primitive fungi 6. Has flagella 7. Absorptive mode of nutrition 8. Cell walls made of chitin Green algae, stone worts Acrasidae, Dictyosteliida Pseudopod-equipped protists Lobopodia, axopodia Fungi Mold, yeast Chytridiomycota Chytridium, hypochytrium Zygomycota Deutromycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Plantae Bryophytes Pterophyta 1. Produces zygosporangia 2. Can reproduce asexually by forming sporangia 3. Terrestrial 4. Live in soil or on decaying animal and plant material 5. Multinucleate structure 6. Spores form 1. Multinucleate structure 2. Have no sexual stages 1. Production of sexual spores in saclike asci 2. Reproduce asexually by conidia 3. More extensive fungi 1. reproduce by basidiospores 2. Mycellium develop into basidiocarps 3. Club-like shape 4. Best at decomposing the complex polymer lighn 1. Apical meristems 2. multicellular, dependent embryos 3. alternation of generations 4. spores walled produced in sporangia 5. multicellular gametangia 1. non vascular 2. no true roots 3. swimming sperm 4. gametophyte dominant 5. spores are used for reproduction 1. xylem 2. phloem 3. evolution of leaves 4. evolution of true roots Black bread mold, Entomophthorales Anamorphic fungi, mitosporic fungi Ergot, Red bread mold Mushrooms, puffballs Oak trees, Pine trees Mosses, hornworts Ferns, horsetails Gymnosperms 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. sporophyte dominant Vascular heterospory naked seed bearing pollen sporophyte is dominate generation White spruce, Cedar Coniferophyta 1. Cones 2. Evergreens 1. Large Cones 2. Palm-like leaves 1. Fan-like leaves Douglas fir, redwood Cycadophyta Cycas angulata, Cycas aculeata Ginkophyta Angiosperms Vascular Heterospory flowers Fruits with seeds (enclosed) 5. Pollen 6. Sporophyte dominate generation 1. Parallel leaf veins 2. Vascular tissue scattered in stem 3. Fibrous roots 4. Flowers in multiples of 3 1. 2. 3. 4. Ginko tree (the only extant species within the group) Crab apple flowers, Rue anemone Monocots Hemerocallis, Quindio wax palm Eudicots 1. Web-like leaf veins 2. Vascular tissue ring in stem 3. Flowers in multiples of 4 and 5 4. Tap Root Multicellular Heterotrophic Diploid stage the dominant stage Life cycle Development of muscle/nervous system 1. Parazoa Buttercup, proteals Animalia Porifera Calcareous sponge, Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Rotifera Nematoda Mollusca 2. Sessil 3. Asymmetrical 1. Tentacles w/ cnidocytes 2. Medusa & Polyp body types 3. Only one opening 1. Worms are flat 1. Aquatic 2. Partheaogenesis 3. Microscopic 1. Round bodies 1. 2. 3. 1. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. Mangle Muscle-foot Visceral Mass Segmented bodies Jointed appendages Exoskeleton Tube feet Water Vascular System Notochord Dorsal hollow nerve chord Pharyngeal slits Muscular postanal tail hexactinellid sponge Jellyfish, Sea anemones Flukes, tapeworms Monogonont, Digononta Soybean cyst nematode, Roundworm Snails, clams Annelida Arthropoda Echinodermata Earth worms, leeches Spiders, crustaceans Sea urchins, Sea stars Chorodata Vertebrates, Lancets Urochordata 1. Invertebrate chordate 2. Pharyngeal slits 1. Neural crest 2. Vertebral column 3. Closed circulatory system 4. Cephalization Doliolida, Larvacea Vertebrata Monkey, Alligator Agnatha/Myxini 1. Jawless fish Chondrichthyes 1. Cartilaginous skeleton 2. Paired fins 3. Jaws 1. Swim bladder 2. Bony 1. Tied to water Lamprey, Hagfish Hammerhead Shark, Tiger Shark Osteichtyes Trout, Bass Amphibia 2. External fertilization 3. Moist skin Reptilia 1. Amniotic eggs 2. Ectoderms 1. Feathers 2. Honeycombed bones 1. Endothermic 2. Hair 3. Mammary glands Frog, Salamander Snake, Crocodile Aves Bald Eagle, Parakeet Mammalia Humans, monkeys

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