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Pollution Global as a Climate Forcing Aerosols Effects on Climate Air Pollution: definition A situation in which substances that result from anthropogenic effects are present at concentrations sufficiently high above their normal ambient level to produce a measurable effect on humans, animals, vegetation, or materials Aerosol and Climate Aerosols have 2 main effects on climate: Direct - Radiative Forcing...
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Pollution Global as a Climate Forcing
Aerosols Effects on Climate
Air Pollution: definition
A situation in which substances that result from anthropogenic effects are present at concentrations sufficiently high above their normal ambient level to produce a measurable effect on humans, animals, vegetation, or materials
Aerosol and Climate
Aerosols have 2 main effects on climate: Direct - Radiative Forcing Indirect - Modification of cloud optical properties and lifetime
Aerosol, Human Health and Environmental Impacts
Aerosol have an effect on human health (e.g., asthma,cancer) Aerosol affect the environment Potential of reducing health and climate proble...
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UCSB - GEOG - 135
EnergyDifferent forms of energy Mechanical energy - kinetic and potential (used by machines, natural: landslides, avalanches, rain) Nuclear energy - unstable nuclei throw off particles) Thermal energy - internal energy due to to motion of atoms
UCSB - GEOG - 135
United Kingdom Casey Boome: Energy and Industry Minister Casey Boome, Energy andEconomy and Social Affairs Minister United KingdomMinister Andrew Holt: IndustryAndrew Holt, Economy andJones: Environment Minister Josiah Social Affairs Minister Josiah
UCSB - GEOG - 135
People's Republic of ChinaBy Will Clithero Sarah Erickson Alice GeantaChina The BeautifulSensual Statistics Population: 1,284,303,705 (July 2002 estimate) Population Growth Rate: 0.87% Total Territory Size: 9,596,960 sq km Rate of industrial
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Environmental SummitAMERICAScott Singletary, Grace Nasri, Jaclyn ShaughnessyGeneral Factsz Mass interstates import/export systems cover 6,370,031 km z Fossil Fuels-American economy depends on fossil fuels z Scientific evidence is still incomplete
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Pollution in RussiaJennifer Benz Lisa BasaneseRussia is a major producer of total CO Emissions2Russian Federation Other countries in region Rest of the WorldRussia emits 7% of the worlds carbon emissionsRussian CO Emissions, 19962Solid Fu
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Kyoto abridgedPolicies and Measures to be implemented - Article 2 Implement policies related to: Enhance energy efficiency sinks an reservoirs of GHGs sustainable forest and agriculture management practices New and renewable forms of energy F
UCSB - GEOG - 135
IPCC Special Report Emission Scenarios (SRES) Climate projections re quire GHGs emissions projections GHGs emissions projections are the result of complex dynamic systems determined by driving forces such as: Demographic development Socio-economi
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Aerosol Properties by Remote Sensing and in-situ ObservationsPaul Ricchiazzi and Catherine Gautier(1) (1,2)Acknowledgments: We would like to thank the following instrument mentors for providing the observational data used in this study. Tim Tooma
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Summary from last class. Importance of largescale ocean circulation climate, biogeochemistry, marine resources Characteristic "Types" of Ocean Circulation Patterns of circulation can be generalized for different regions Suggests that dynamica
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TransportationMark O'Connor Lisa Merrill Jessica SwendimanMonday, July 31 2006The Hybrid VehicleTechnological Advantages and Difficulties The Hybrid's battery pack never needs to be charged from an external source it's charged during regener
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Indiawww.fotosearch.comGraham Abbott, Kristi Gangi, Jeff OverlockBackgroundRising pop. + energy consumption = economic growth, change in lifestyle (more automobiles/luxury) increased environmental degradation Worlds 7th largest energy co
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Renewable and Efficient ElectricityBrazil produces 22.5% of the worlds 675,000 MW of daily electricity. The equivalent to 810 million barrels of oil. Brazilian government's alternative energy program PROINFA (Program for Incentive of Alternative Ele
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UCSB - GEOG - 135
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UCSB - GEOG - 135
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UCSB - GEOG - 135
Chinese Hydropower The Sleeping GiantChina GroupChinese Energy Hydropower Source of 24.6% of China's energy 165 MkW by 2010, 250 MkW by 2020, or 26.3% of the 400 MkW potential 65% of China's energy Low tech, low efficiency and high pollution
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Stage II of Mission: NOCHES Limpias "Clean Nights" en espanolFirst Priority for Countries must be Oil and Coal efficiency. Clean coal technology should be considered for additional pollution credits for coun
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Gautier, 2007: Oil, Water and Climate: An explosive MixChapter 2 Example Carbon Sequestration Draft1. IntroductionOne of the ways to prevent the increase of atmospheric levels of CO2 resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels for energy is to
UCSB - GEOG - 135
GEOG 135 Lab 5B Countries Economic Impacts of emissions limitationLab Goal: Collecting and analyzing information about the economic impacts of emissions on your country in order to be able to negotiate from an expert position. Issues on which to foc
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Writing Assignment 5Description of Selected Topic 15%15 15Rationale 15% Presents a persuasive and logical group of arguments that support the choice of topic. Convincing scientific and economic evidence supports the arguments presented.13-14Li
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Writing 7 and 8Statement of Purpose 5%5 10Identifies Parties Involved 10% Explains which parties are to be involved in the proposed action and to what extent each party is going to be involved. If a new international body is to be introduced, the
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Intended Learning Outcomes Knowledge (K)1. Students will develop a knowledge about basic facts and terms, concepts and theories 2.of global climate change Concept Map, Evaluation, Multiple Choice, Writing rubrics, Presentation rubrics Students w
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Intended Learning Outcomes Knowledge (K) 1. Students will develop a knowledge about basic facts and terms, concepts and theories of global climate change. 2. Students will improve their ability to synthesize and integrate the information learned in
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Red Striked are proposed removals In yellow important points to evaluate and decide upon In blue are sections that still need workIn Grey what the US wantsIn pink wording that is being questioned by someDRAFT (2/10/03) SANTA BARBARA PROTOCOL TO B
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Global Pollution as a Climate ForcingAerosols Effects on ClimateAir Pollution: definitionA situation in which substances that result from anthropogenic effects are present at concentrations sufficiently high above their normal ambient level to pr
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Climate Change: What do the observations show?Global Climate Change and Kyoto ProtocolThe Earth is warming 1990 likely the warmest decade in instrumental record temperature_change_2 time_scales.p p t Ice records show Temperature (and other) cha
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Global Impacts of Climate ChangeGlobal Climate Changes Past: Reconstruction and observations Future: Model Projections models GHG increase results ComparisonsCO2, T and CH4 concentration change over last 150,000 yClimate Change Regional
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Kyoto Protocol Assessment Collapse?Crisis and Opportunity Time to implement easy changes has past (4/5 of US generating capacity for 2020 already built in 2000) Trading only way to meet Kyoto caps at reasonable cost Emission trading Joint imple
UCSB - GEOG - 135
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeParties Acknowledge changes in Earth's climate and adverse effects that are common concern Are concerned that human activities have substantially increase atmospheric concentrations, these in
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Mock Environmental Summit OverviewOverview Recently developed and Always evolving course some activities have never been tried new topics need for students feedback Summit Simulation total immersion Role playing chose role and must act and
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Climate Change: What do the observations show?Global Climate Change and Environmental NegotiationsThe Earth is warming 1990 likely the warmest decade in instrumental record temperature_change_2 time_scales.ppt Ice records show Temperature (and
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Climate Change: Science SummaryIPCC Third assessment report (TAR) What do the observations show? How quantitative is our understanding? What is the current ability to simulate? What is the human influence? What could the possible climate futur
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Overview Always evolving courseMock Environmental Summit Overview New topics, new ways of presenting material Continuous need for students feedback Summit Simulation total immersion Role playing chose role and must act and react as close a
UCSB - GEOG - 135
UCSB - GEOG - 135
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Impacts of Climate Change on ChinaJared Johnson Annie HuynhChina's Emissions Expected to exceed the United State's greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 Per capita emissions are much lower than the United States and nations in the E.U. Relies on coa
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Climate Change and Economic Impact on IndiaEconomyGDP (purchasing power parity): $4.156 trillion GDP per capita: $3,800 GDP composition by sector: 19.9% agriculture 19.3% industry 60.7% services Labor force by occupation: 60% agriculture 12% indus
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Sea Level Rising 18,000-kilometer of continental coastline. Most Chinese seaside cities are less than four meters above sea level, with the lowest even less than one meter China coastline holds 70% of China's largest cities, over half of the dome
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Global Impacts of Climate ChangeGlobal Climate Changes Past: Reconstruction and observations Future: Model Projections models GHG increase results ComparisonsCO2, T and CH4 concentration change over last 150,000 yClimate Change Regional
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Presentation 5Identify and Address Possible Issues 10%10Clarifications/Modifications Based on Feedback 30%30Identify Directions for Possible Action 10%10Incorporates feedback given, modifies appropriately and provides further detailed infor
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Presentation 1aMajor Impacts of Global Warming 20%20Scientific Evidence of Impact 20%20Confidence Level for Evidence 10%10Identifies and quantifies all ways in which the impacts can be directly linked to the burning of oilProvides detaile
UCSB - GEOG - 135
Presentation 6Overview of Proposed Actions 15%15 20Proposed Implementation Plan 20%15Analysis of Needs 15% Provides a thorough analysis of what would be needed for proposed actions to succeed. Outlines a clear strategy for addressing those nee
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3X3 384.0188 39.4383 78.3099 79.8440 91.1647 19.7551 33.5223 76.8230 27.7775 Y3 355.3970 47.7397 62.8871 36.4784 51.3401 95.2230 91.6195 63.5712 71.7297 Z3 314.1603 60.6969 1.6301 24.2887 13.7232 80.4177 15.6679 40.0944 12.9790
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16Ma200 20033.2010311846719 66.8238386602269 82.7312285118875 62.6147685895326 70.2538143040403 79.1368548976592 38.0488028420896 20.1647141058025 91.585038252234 64.8495586415038 5.37512756580263 13.331378599603 70.1403558749906 92.074184290847 2
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ARTICLES 2006 Nature Publishing Group http:/www.nature.com/natureneuroscienceBayesian inference with probabilistic population codesWei Ji Ma1,3, Jeffrey M Beck1,3, Peter E Latham2 & Alexandre Pouget1Recent psychophysical experiments indicate th
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