lecture
Todays
Other Aspects of Intelligence Nature vs Nurture of Intelligence Exam Review
1
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to perceive emotions The ability to understand emotions The ability to manage emotions The ability to use emotions
2
Intelligence and Creativity
There is more to creativity than intelligence, although it correlates somewhat with intelligence.
Expertise: A well developed knowledge base. Imaginative Thinking: The ability to see things in novel ways. Adventuresome Personality: Seeks new experiences rather than following the pack. Intrinsic Motivation: Motivated to be creative from within. A Creative Environment: Creativity blooms in creative and supportive environment.
3
Is Intelligence Neurologically Measurable?
Increased concentration of neurons in areas of the frontal lobe
Gray matter concentration in people with high intelligence.
4
Brain Function
Studies of brain functioning show that people who score high on intelligence tests perceive stimuli faster, retrieve information from memory quickly, and show faster brain response times.
People with higher intelligence respond correctly faster to the above question.
5
What is giftedness?
6
QuickTime and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture.
7
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence
No other topic in psychology is so passionately followed as the one that asks the question, Is intelligence due to genetics or the environment?
8
Genetic Influences
Studies of twins, family members and adopted children together support the idea that there is a significant genetic contribution to intelligence.
9
Adoption Studies
Verbal ability correlation between children and parents.
10
Relative contribution of genes and evironment on IQ
raised separately are highly similar in IQ (0.86)
monozygotic(identical)twins
dizygotic (fraternal) twins raised together (0.6) adoptive siblings (~0.0)
11
Heritability of IQ
12
Heritability of IQ
TheproportionsofIQvarianceattributabletogenes andenvironmentvarywithsocioeconomicstatus. Inimpoverishedfamilies,60%ofthevarianceinIQis accountedforbythesharedenvironment,andthe contributionofgeneswasclosetozero.
2003studybyEricTurkheimer,AndreanaHaley,MaryWaldron,Brian D'Onofrio,IrvingI.Gottesman
13
Early Intervention Effects
Environment can create dramatic differences in intelligence
Romanian orphans with minimal interaction human had delayed development.
14
Does faster mean better?
Faster speed of processing linked to higher IQ Faster development not necessarily linked to higher IQ
15
QuickTime and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture.
16
Group Differences in intelligence Test Scores
Why do groups differ in intelligence? And how can we make sense of these differences?
17
Ethnic Similarities and Differences
To discuss this issue we begin by two disturbing but agreed upon facts: Racial groups differ in their average intelligence scores. High-scoring people (and groups) are more likely to attain high levels of education and income.
18
Racial (Group) Differences
If we look at racial differences, on average intelligence, white Americans score higher than black Americans (Avery and others, 1994). European New Zealanders score higher than native New Zealanders (Braden, 1994).
White-Americans Average IQ = 100 Black-Americans Average IQ = 85
Hispanic Americans
19
Reasons to believe these differences are NOT genetic
The races are remarkably alike genetically. Intelligence is greatly affected by environment- on average just as much as by genes. We know that there are big disparity in educational environment in the US today (Kozol).
20
Difference between blacks and whites
Over the course of high school gap widens Over the course of college gap closes Difference due to inequality vs equality of environments
21
Stereotype Threat
Stereotype threat is a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. This phenomenon appears in some instances in intelligence testing among African-American and among women of all colors.
22
Conclusions
Intelligence- can be thought of in many different ways Always reflects a combination of aptitude and experience
23
Exam Review
24
Work and Sex
Work- attitudes, interviewers, leadership styles, predictors of success Effects of sex hormones
How they affect behavior What they do and dont protect you from
Condoms + teen sex
Causes of Homosexuality Need to belong
25
Genes, environment and evolution
Heritability of personality Evolutionary psychology Individualist vs. Collectivist culture
26
Intelligence
Intelligence- g vs multiple intelligences, Gardner and sternberg Intelligence and heritability Stereotype threat Emotional intelligence
27