indian French war= washington signes treaty, loses Ft necessity Washington loses Albany Convention- create albany plan for unity 1754 Wanted to create grand council- led by governor elected by king All colonies reject it cuz they want England to run things Shows that there is no sense of union Oppose it b/c giving up power to central gov. will take some from states/ colonies Get help from Indians- iriquios, algonguin, and huron War Tide of war shifts b/c new prime minister New ministers Moremoney 3 prong plan Capturing niagra Straiking throught lake champlaign Launching amphibious attack against quebec Washington goes back, captures fort Duquesne, and rename it pitsburg 1759, Battle of Quebec, desisive battle on Lawrence river in north America English come up the river, and cant figure out how to get up the cliffs French come out on the plain, and fight battle Both generals die Battle desides outcome of war, vritish win Treaty of paris of 1763 1st real world war Makes French give up all land claim in north ameria Give Louisiana to spain who is their ally Spanish forfeit florida as part of treaty, and Britain controls florida Significance of war France dont have anything in America Biggest war yet in scale American revolution follows Large wars lead to revolutions French revolution
Bolshevik revolution Chinese revolution
French and Indian war Creates strain, and facilitated American revolt Big and expensive, and puts strain on French and british Need to pay to govern bigger territory Writs of assistance Super search warrant Passed b/c brits have naval superiority were going to strangle French, and cut off supplies, French not strangled, b/c colonists selling supplies English see this as treason, and pass this writ Ppl in colonies are outraged Colonists see themselves as victims Alienation- colonists need to be alienated from England before rebel, Two penny acts Virginia- late 1750 Gov of Virginia needs cloths for soldiers and supplies One way to get money is to cut salaries of Anglican ministers Anglicanism is official and strongest church in Virginia Priests get pissed, and write to king King vetos law passed in colonies- 2 penny act Virginia is pissed, and so is Patrick henry Soldiers in the coloniesw B4 war colonists liked soldiers b/c they were protectors no more enemies, no need for soldiers, see and them as oppresors feel like they can protect themselves in a war quartering act fo 1765 English gov attempt at passing along the cost for war Colonists have to lodge brit soldiers Colonists feel that they are spies Taxes
New
Big wars cots money New taxes for colonists Brits were already paying large taxes, so they need to raise taxes for colonists Only fair for colonists to raise tazes cuz war was fought for colonists benefits Finance minister- George grenville Modifies molasses act Renames revenue act or sugar act High taxes for import of molasses Not internal to colonies 1st act Not for purpose of raising revenue, but to regulate trade Locals usually smuggles in the molasses, and ignored the tax Grenville lowers tax on molasses, to get colonists to pay Also taxes other stuff like coffee If dont pay, will be tried in british vice admiralty court This is an attempt to raise revenue, not just regulate trade Colonists feel like they shouldnt be taxed without representatives in the parliament Colonial assemblies are the only legit ones who can pass taxes Vice admiralty court doesnt have jury of peers Rules navigation act violation will be tried ppl are pissed are also more self-sufficient during salutary neglect governed themselves developed socially different from Britain also different religiously ties w. brit churches and weak feel like rights as Englishmen are being ignored
Final transition for alienation to be complete need a change in thinking Indians Colonists start settling their land Sir Jeffrey Amherst
Responsible for all land gained from French English and French policy Brit maintained relations through bribes French did it through trade Amherst tries to save money, and not give Indians stuff Indians get pissed Pontiacs Rebellion- may 1763 2000 colonists die in this rebellion More than colonists who dies during French and Indian war Indian confederation begins to fall apart Proclamation line of 1763 Dont allow people to settle west of that line People who are poor and go west to get land, are pissed at English Colonists put west are pulled back Feel that it is their right b/c of fighting in the French and Indian war Colonists also see the English as wanting to keep them close to coast to control them better Doesnt last long b/c couldnt stop ppl from moving west