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103Review
Course: CH 104, Fall 2009School: Norwich
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103 CH Review Concepts Needed to Study Chemical Systems Concept 1: The Macroscopic ViewLab Calculations Although the building blocks of chemistry are atoms and molecules which are too small to be seen by the naked eye, we first encounter chemistry in the laboratory as bulk matter which we can scoop out of a jar or pour out of a bottle and weigh and measure. The following types of calculations are essential in all...
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103 CH Review
Concepts Needed to Study Chemical Systems
Concept 1: The Macroscopic ViewLab Calculations
Although the building blocks of chemistry are atoms and molecules which are too small to be seen by the naked eye, we first encounter chemistry in the laboratory as bulk matter which we can scoop out of a jar or pour out of a bottle and weigh and measure. The following types of calculations are essential in all lab work. 1. Calculate the mass of one mole of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 .
2.
Convert 25.362 g of calcium hydroxide to moles.
3.
Balance the following equation. _____Ca(OH)2 (s) + _____HCl(g) _____CaCl2 (aq) + _____H 2 O(l)
4.
Translate the balanced chemical equation in #3 into a grammatically correct English sentence on the macroscopic (mole, rather than molecule)..
5.
How many grams of hydrogen chloride would be required to react completely with 25.362 g of calcium hydroxide according to the equation in #3?
6.
How many grams of calcium chloride can be produced by the reaction described in #5?
2
CH 103 Review
7.
If the calcium chloride produced in #6 is dissolved in enough water to make 250.0 mL of solution, what is the molarity of the calcium choride?
8.
What is the molarity of the chloride ion in the solution in #7?
9.
How many grams of calcium are contained in the solution described in #7?
Concept 2: Periodic Properties
Many properties of the elements can be determined (approximately) by the position of the element on the periodic table. The trends in these properties depend on the size and the core charge of the atom. Since size and core charge vary periodically, so do the properties. 10. Choose an element that fits each of the following descriptions. There may be more than one correct response. a) an atom containing three valence electrons b) the halogen with the largest radius c) an element that is expected be to very unreactive d) an element that is expected form a stable ion with a charge of &2 e) ignoring group VIII, the most electronegative element f) the least electronegative element
g) the second period element with the smallest radius
C H 1 03 Re vie w
3
Concept 3: Classification and Properties of Compounds by Bond Type
Whereas elements are grouped according to properties on the Periodic Table, compounds are most conveniently classified by the types of bonds that hold them together. The bonding may be ionic, covalent, or metallic. The bonding in a particular compound is determined by the properties of the elements in the compound. One must consider whether a given atom tends to gain electrons, lose electrons, or share electrons with the other atoms in the compound. 11. Describe the bonding in each of the following compounds and ionic, covalent, or metallic. CO 2 CuZn Na 2 SO 4 NaCl NH 3
12. Briefly describe how you determined the bond types in #11.
13. For each type of compound (ionic, covalent, or metallic), describe several properties you expect the compound to possess.
4
CH 103 Review...
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