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Lecture 12: Higher Visual Processing Pt 3; Visual Plasticity; Intro to Auditory System A. Khan, 24 Oct 08 The Primary Visual Pathway 1 2 4 5 6 primary visual cortex Brodmann area 17 3 Visuotopic organization of the primary visual cortex Inferior Field Peripheral Central Superior Field Laminar organization of the primary visual cortex V1 neurons respond selectively to stimulus orientation V1 neurons respond selectively to stimulus orientation Orientation Column, vertically aligned cells across the cortical depth (the different layers) share the same preference for stimulus orientation. Hypercolumn, region that represents one point in visual space (receptive fields are overlapping) and in which a given stimulus attribute e.g. Orientation is analyzed for all permutations. 1o of visual space Hypercolumn (~1 mm2 of cortex) representing 1o of visual space. The color of the bars indicate the orientation column that is activated by the corresponding bar at left. Mixing of the pathways from the two eyes first occurs in V1 Mixing of the pathways from the two eyes first occurs in V1 Ocular Dominance Columns Beyond V1 Extrastriate Cortex Experience Dependent Plasticity Imprinting and the Critical Period Konrad Lorenz and his greylag geese Imprinting Put to Good Use Ocular Dominance Columns Adult Macacque Monkey CHAPTER 24 Ocular Dominance after Monocular Deprivation : Kittens vs. Adult Cats Effect of short period of monocular deprivation at peak critical period in the cat Effect of Monocular Deprivation on Ocular Dominance Columns Effect of Monocular Deprivation on LGN inputs to V1 Hebb s Postulate The Auditory System Sound The Human Ear The Cochlea External Structure The Cochlea Internal Structure The Cochlea Internal Structure A) The sound wave moves the eardrum and attached ossicular chain. B) The stapes footplate, in the oval window, transfers the vibrations to the perilymphatic compartment (scala vestibuli) and to the inner ear structures. C) Depending on the frequency, the vibration has a maximum effect (resonance) at a different point along the basilar membrane. Here, a high frequency sound affects a basal portion of the cochlea A low frequency sound affects a more apical part of the cochlea

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