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Sociology 9-30-08 Deviance- behavior, belief, or condition that violates social norms in society it occurs. -ex. drinking too much, robbing a bank, laughing at funeral -some things are universally deviant, but it is relative to culture as well -what is deviant varies by place, time, group and ranges from transgressions of folkways to violations of mores and laws Crime- behavior that violates criminal law. Punishable by fines/jail terms -juvenile delinquency =violation of law/ commit status offense by young person -criminal justice system=primary mech. Of external social control Social Control- Practices social groups develop to encourage conformity/discourage deviance -Internal soc ctrl- ppl internalize norms/values and follow them -external soc ctrl- negative sanctions for certain behaviors to punish rule breakers Criminology- systematic study of crime and justice system Sociologists on deviance- which behaviors? Who defines them? How and why are ppl deviant? How do we deal with them? Functionalist- deviance clarifies rules, unites a group, promotes social change. -strain theory- deviances happens when approved means of reaching goals are blocked. -Opportunity theory- lower class delinquents subscribe to middle class values they cant attain + try to achieve them illegit. Goal=functionalist -Social ctrl/bonding- Weak ties to fam/friends criminal behavior. Feel obliged to fulfill part in community. Mertons strain theory of deviance -Conformity- accept approved goals+ achieve them thru approved means -Innovation- Accept approved goals+ use disapproved means -Ritualism- Abandon societies goals+ conforms to approved means. -Retreatism- abandon approved goals and approved means. -Rebellion- challenge approved goals and means. Conflic perspectives -Critical approach- powerful use justice system to protect own interests -Feminist approach- liberal-deviance arises from discrimination - radical- focuses on patriarchy. Women exploited sexually. - socialist- focuses on patriarchy and capitalism. Interactionist Perspectives -Differential association- deviant behavior learned thru interaction w/ others -Social ctrl/bonding- Social bonds keep ppl from being criminals. Weak ties to fam/friends likely to engage in criminal behavior. -labeling theory- acts are deviant b/c they ve been labeled as such. No real deviance. -Primary, secondary, tertiary- ppl labeled deviant accepts new identity rationalizes -rational choice- deviant behavior as result of cost benefit analysis. Note: rational choice is different school of thought but books lumps it with interactionist. Postmodern Perspective -Knowledge is power- power, knowledge, social control are all intertwined. Ex. Prison surveillance makes ppl think theyre being watched all the time, giving officials power. 30, 30, 20 questions by chapter

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