260 MCS L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Outline
1 Modular Design
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
2 Python Implementation
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
3 The Software Cycle
Summary + Assignments
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
4 Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 Lecture 19 Introduction to Computer Science Jan Verschelde, 8 October 2008
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
modular design software cycle & quality
1 Modular Design
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
2 Python Implementation
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
3 The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
4 Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Multiple Choice Quiz
problem specication
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
To test our knowledge of computer science concepts, we would like an automatic multiple choice quiz. Our friend the computer will
1 2 3 4 5
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
show a question with multiple possible answers wait for us to make a choice immediately evaluate our choice ask us if we want to continue at the end print how well we did
Summary + Assignments
Wanted: a small but extendable program.
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Multiple Choice Quiz
problem specication
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
To test our knowledge of computer science concepts, we would like an automatic multiple choice quiz. Our friend the computer will
1 2 3 4 5
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
show a question with multiple possible answers wait for us to make a choice immediately evaluate our choice ask us if we want to continue at the end print how well we did
Summary + Assignments
Wanted: a small but extendable program.
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Multiple Choice Quiz
problem specication
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
To test our knowledge of computer science concepts, we would like an automatic multiple choice quiz. Our friend the computer will
1 2 3 4 5
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
show a question with multiple possible answers wait for us to make a choice immediately evaluate our choice ask us if we want to continue at the end print how well we did
Summary + Assignments
Wanted: a small but extendable program.
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Multiple Choice Quiz
problem specication
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
To test our knowledge of computer science concepts, we would like an automatic multiple choice quiz. Our friend the computer will
1 2 3 4 5
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
show a question with multiple possible answers wait for us to make a choice immediately evaluate our choice ask us if we want to continue at the end print how well we did
Summary + Assignments
Wanted: a small but extendable program.
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Multiple Choice Quiz
problem specication
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
To test our knowledge of computer science concepts, we would like an automatic multiple choice quiz. Our friend the computer will
1 2 3 4 5
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
show a question with multiple possible answers wait for us to make a choice immediately evaluate our choice ask us if we want to continue at the end print how well we did
Summary + Assignments
Wanted: a small but extendable program.
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Multiple Choice Quiz
problem specication
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
To test our knowledge of computer science concepts, we would like an automatic multiple choice quiz. Our friend the computer will
1 2 3 4 5
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
show a question with multiple possible answers wait for us to make a choice immediately evaluate our choice ask us if we want to continue at the end print how well we did
Summary + Assignments
Wanted: a small but extendable program.
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Multiple Choice Quiz
problem specication
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
To test our knowledge of computer science concepts, we would like an automatic multiple choice quiz. Our friend the computer will
1 2 3 4 5
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
show a question with multiple possible answers wait for us to make a choice immediately evaluate our choice ask us if we want to continue at the end print how well we did
Summary + Assignments
Wanted: a small but extendable program.
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
A Screen Shot
a rst prototype
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The main program quiz.py, executed at the prompt $: $ python quiz.py The octal system has base ... 1. 16 2. 8 3. 10 4. 2 type a number between 1 and 4 : 2 this is the correct answer continue ? (y/n) n #correct : 1 #wrong : 0 -> 100.00%
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Tools for Use
what does Python provide?
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
Python provides
1 2 3 4 5
a command line or Python shell environment data structures: lists, tuples, and dictionaries if-elif-else, loops, and functions random number generators in the module random our modules will reect our bottom-up design
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
What is there at the bottom of our program?
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Tools for Use
what does Python provide?
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
Python provides
1 2 3 4 5
a command line or Python shell environment data structures: lists, tuples, and dictionaries if-elif-else, loops, and functions random number generators in the module random our modules will reect our bottom-up design
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
What is there at the bottom of our program?
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Tools for Use
what does Python provide?
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
Python provides
1 2 3 4 5
a command line or Python shell environment data structures: lists, tuples, and dictionaries if-elif-else, loops, and functions random number generators in the module random our modules will reect our bottom-up design
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
What is there at the bottom of our program?
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Tools for Use
what does Python provide?
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
Python provides
1 2 3 4 5
a command line or Python shell environment data structures: lists, tuples, and dictionaries if-elif-else, loops, and functions random number generators in the module random our modules will reect our bottom-up design
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
What is there at the bottom of our program?
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Tools for Use
what does Python provide?
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
Python provides
1 2 3 4 5
a command line or Python shell environment data structures: lists, tuples, and dictionaries if-elif-else, loops, and functions random number generators in the module random our modules will reect our bottom-up design
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
What is there at the bottom of our program?
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Tools for Use
what does Python provide?
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
Python provides
1 2 3 4 5
a command line or Python shell environment data structures: lists, tuples, and dictionaries if-elif-else, loops, and functions random number generators in the module random our modules will reect our bottom-up design
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
What is there at the bottom of our program?
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
modular design software cycle & quality
1 Modular Design
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
2 Python Implementation
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
3 The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
4 Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Bottom of our Program
A multiple choice quiz consists of
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
questions that have short answers; answers, correct ones and variations.
Every question and answer will be a string. Dictionaries seem very appropriate:
1
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the questions are numbered, key = number, the values are strings answers for the corresponding question have the same key as the question answers are dictionaries of dictionaries convention: correct answer comes rst
2
3 4
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Bottom of our Program
A multiple choice quiz consists of
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
questions that have short answers; answers, correct ones and variations.
Every question and answer will be a string. Dictionaries seem very appropriate:
1
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the questions are numbered, key = number, the values are strings answers for the corresponding question have the same key as the question answers are dictionaries of dictionaries convention: correct answer comes rst
2
3 4
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Bottom of our Program
A multiple choice quiz consists of
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
questions that have short answers; answers, correct ones and variations.
Every question and answer will be a string. Dictionaries seem very appropriate:
1
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the questions are numbered, key = number, the values are strings answers for the corresponding question have the same key as the question answers are dictionaries of dictionaries convention: correct answer comes rst
2
3 4
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Bottom of our Program
A multiple choice quiz consists of
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
questions that have short answers; answers, correct ones and variations.
Every question and answer will be a string. Dictionaries seem very appropriate:
1
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the questions are numbered, key = number, the values are strings answers for the corresponding question have the same key as the question answers are dictionaries of dictionaries convention: correct answer comes rst
2
3 4
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Bottom of our Program
A multiple choice quiz consists of
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
questions that have short answers; answers, correct ones and variations.
Every question and answer will be a string. Dictionaries seem very appropriate:
1
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the questions are numbered, key = number, the values are strings answers for the corresponding question have the same key as the question answers are dictionaries of dictionaries convention: correct answer comes rst
2
3 4
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Bottom of our Program
A multiple choice quiz consists of
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
questions that have short answers; answers, correct ones and variations.
Every question and answer will be a string. Dictionaries seem very appropriate:
1
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the questions are numbered, key = number, the values are strings answers for the corresponding question have the same key as the question answers are dictionaries of dictionaries convention: correct answer comes rst
2
3 4
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Other Modules
We separate the functionalities:
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
generating questions and evaluating answers; showing questions and asking answers.
Two modules of functions: questions and dialogue. Both modules import the Q&A dictionary and export their functions to the main program. The formulation of questions and answers is centralized in the Q&A dictionary. A multiple choice question then consists of
1 2
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the number of the question; a permutation of the answers.
In Python we use a tuple, e.g.: (3,[2,1,3,4]).
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Other Modules
We separate the functionalities:
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
generating questions and evaluating answers; showing questions and asking answers.
Two modules of functions: questions and dialogue. Both modules import the Q&A dictionary and export their functions to the main program. The formulation of questions and answers is centralized in the Q&A dictionary. A multiple choice question then consists of
1 2
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the number of the question; a permutation of the answers.
In Python we use a tuple, e.g.: (3,[2,1,3,4]).
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Other Modules
We separate the functionalities:
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
generating questions and evaluating answers; showing questions and asking answers.
Two modules of functions: questions and dialogue. Both modules import the Q&A dictionary and export their functions to the main program. The formulation of questions and answers is centralized in the Q&A dictionary. A multiple choice question then consists of
1 2
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the number of the question; a permutation of the answers.
In Python we use a tuple, e.g.: (3,[2,1,3,4]).
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Other Modules
We separate the functionalities:
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
generating questions and evaluating answers; showing questions and asking answers.
Two modules of functions: questions and dialogue. Both modules import the Q&A dictionary and export their functions to the main program. The formulation of questions and answers is centralized in the Q&A dictionary. A multiple choice question then consists of
1 2
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the number of the question; a permutation of the answers.
In Python we use a tuple, e.g.: (3,[2,1,3,4]).
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Other Modules
We separate the functionalities:
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
generating questions and evaluating answers; showing questions and asking answers.
Two modules of functions: questions and dialogue. Both modules import the Q&A dictionary and export their functions to the main program. The formulation of questions and answers is centralized in the Q&A dictionary. A multiple choice question then consists of
1 2
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the number of the question; a permutation of the answers.
In Python we use a tuple, e.g.: (3,[2,1,3,4]).
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Other Modules
We separate the functionalities:
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
generating questions and evaluating answers; showing questions and asking answers.
Two modules of functions: questions and dialogue. Both modules import the Q&A dictionary and export their functions to the main program. The formulation of questions and answers is centralized in the Q&A dictionary. A multiple choice question then consists of
1 2
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the number of the question; a permutation of the answers.
In Python we use a tuple, e.g.: (3,[2,1,3,4]).
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Modular Design
At the bottom: the Q&A dictionary. Two libraries of functions: questions and dialogue.
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py
Summary + Assignments
Q&A dictionary
Information Hiding: the main program does not import the Q&A dictionary.
waterfall and spiral model
quality of product and process
generate questions
dialogue with user
The Software Cycle
namespaces in Python
automated quiz
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Modular Design
At the bottom: the Q&A dictionary. Two libraries of functions: questions and dialogue.
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py
Summary + Assignments
Q&A dictionary
Information Hiding: the main program does not import the Q&A dictionary.
waterfall and spiral model
quality of product and process
generate questions
dialogue with user
The Software Cycle
namespaces in Python
automated quiz
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Modular Design
At the bottom: the Q&A dictionary. Two libraries of functions: questions and dialogue.
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py
Summary + Assignments
Q&A dictionary
Information Hiding: the main program does not import the Q&A dictionary.
waterfall and spiral model
quality of product and process
generate questions
dialogue with user
The Software Cycle
namespaces in Python
automated quiz
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Modular Design
At the bottom: the Q&A dictionary. Two libraries of functions: questions and dialogue.
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py
Summary + Assignments
Q&A dictionary
Information Hiding: the main program does not import the Q&A dictionary.
waterfall and spiral model
quality of product and process
generate questions
dialogue with user
The Software Cycle
namespaces in Python
automated quiz
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Modular Design
At the bottom: the Q&A dictionary. Two libraries of functions: questions and dialogue.
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py
Summary + Assignments
Q&A dictionary
Information Hiding: the main program does not import the Q&A dictionary.
waterfall and spiral model
quality of product and process
generate questions
dialogue with user
The Software Cycle
namespaces in Python
automated quiz
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
modular design software cycle & quality
1 Modular Design
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
2 Python Implementation
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
3 The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
4 Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Q&A Dictionary
in the le quand.py
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
questions = { \ 1:How many bits go in one byte ?, \ 2:Who is the main developer of Python ?, \ 3:Which statement is true ?, \ 4:The octal system has base ... \ }
Summary + Assignments
answers = { \ 1:{ 1:8, 2:4, 3:2, 4:16 }, \ 2:{ 1:Guido van Rossum, 2:John von Neumann, \ 3:Rashi Gupta, 4:John Backus }, \ 3:{ 1:a compiler translates source code, \ 2:a compiler executes object code, \ 3:a compiler formats source code, \ 4:a compiler stores code on file }, \ 4:{ 1:8, 2:2, 3:10, 4:16 } \ }
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Q&A Dictionary
in the le quand.py
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
questions = { \ 1:How many bits go in one byte ?, \ 2:Who is the main developer of Python ?, \ 3:Which statement is true ?, \ 4:The octal system has base ... \ }
Summary + Assignments
answers = { \ 1:{ 1:8, 2:4, 3:2, 4:16 }, \ 2:{ 1:Guido van Rossum, 2:John von Neumann, \ 3:Rashi Gupta, 4:John Backus }, \ 3:{ 1:a compiler translates source code, \ 2:a compiler executes object code, \ 3:a compiler formats source code, \ 4:a compiler stores code on file }, \ 4:{ 1:8, 2:2, 3:10, 4:16 } \ }
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Specication of questions.py
help(questions) shows under FUNCTIONS:
evaluate(L, c) evaluates choice c to True or False where L is a list of answers generate() returns a multiple choice question as a tuple (q,L), where q is a number, and L is a list of numbers with answers shuffle(L) shuffles the order of the answers on return is a permutation of the list L update_tally(t, b) updates tally of True or False answers where t is a list of two elements and b is True or False, returns updated tally
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Specication of questions.py
help(questions) shows under FUNCTIONS:
evaluate(L, c) evaluates choice c to True or False where L is a list of answers generate() returns a multiple choice question as a tuple (q,L), where q is a number, and L is a list of numbers with answers shuffle(L) shuffles the order of the answers on return is a permutation of the list L update_tally(t, b) updates tally of True or False answers where t is a list of two elements and b is True or False, returns updated tally
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Specication of questions.py
help(questions) shows under FUNCTIONS:
evaluate(L, c) evaluates choice c to True or False where L is a list of answers generate() returns a multiple choice question as a tuple (q,L), where q is a number, and L is a list of numbers with answers shuffle(L) shuffles the order of the answers on return is a permutation of the list L update_tally(t, b) updates tally of True or False answers where t is a list of two elements and b is True or False, returns updated tally
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Specication of questions.py
help(questions) shows under FUNCTIONS:
evaluate(L, c) evaluates choice c to True or False where L is a list of answers generate() returns a multiple choice question as a tuple (q,L), where q is a number, and L is a list of numbers with answers shuffle(L) shuffles the order of the answers on return is a permutation of the list L update_tally(t, b) updates tally of True or False answers where t is a list of two elements and b is True or False, returns updated tally
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Specication of dialogue.py
help(dialogue) shows under FUNCTIONS:
prompt_choice(n) asks the user for a choice where n is the number of choices show_outcome(b) reports outcome to user where b is True or False show_question(q, L) displays the questions and the answers on input is the number q of the question and the list L of answers show_tally(t) shows final tally, t is list
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Specication of dialogue.py
help(dialogue) shows under FUNCTIONS:
prompt_choice(n) asks the user for a choice where n is the number of choices show_outcome(b) reports outcome to user where b is True or False show_question(q, L) displays the questions and the answers on input is the number q of the question and the list L of answers show_tally(t) shows final tally, t is list
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Specication of dialogue.py
help(dialogue) shows under FUNCTIONS:
prompt_choice(n) asks the user for a choice where n is the number of choices show_outcome(b) reports outcome to user where b is True or False show_question(q, L) displays the questions and the answers on input is the number q of the question and the list L of answers show_tally(t) shows final tally, t is list
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Specication of dialogue.py
help(dialogue) shows under FUNCTIONS:
prompt_choice(n) asks the user for a choice where n is the number of choices show_outcome(b) reports outcome to user where b is True or False show_question(q, L) displays the questions and the answers on input is the number q of the question and the list L of answers show_tally(t) shows final tally, t is list
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
modular design software cycle & quality
1 Modular Design
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
2 Python Implementation
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
3 The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
4 Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Main Program
in the le quiz.py
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
import questions import dialogue t = [0,0] while True: (q,a) = questions.generate() s = questions.shuffle(a) dialogue.show_question(q,s) c = dialogue.prompt_choice(len(s)) e = questions.evaluate(s,c) dialogue.show_outcome(e) t = questions.update_tally(t,e) more = raw_input(continue ? (y/n) ) if more != y: break dialogue.show_tally(t)
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Main Program
in the le quiz.py
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
import questions import dialogue t = [0,0] while True: (q,a) = questions.generate() s = questions.shuffle(a) dialogue.show_question(q,s) c = dialogue.prompt_choice(len(s)) e = questions.evaluate(s,c) dialogue.show_outcome(e) t = questions.update_tally(t,e) more = raw_input(continue ? (y/n) ) if more != y: break dialogue.show_tally(t)
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Main Program
in the le quiz.py
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
import questions import dialogue t = [0,0] while True: (q,a) = questions.generate() s = questions.shuffle(a) dialogue.show_question(q,s) c = dialogue.prompt_choice(len(s)) e = questions.evaluate(s,c) dialogue.show_outcome(e) t = questions.update_tally(t,e) more = raw_input(continue ? (y/n) ) if more != y: break dialogue.show_tally(t)
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Main Program
in the le quiz.py
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
import questions import dialogue t = [0,0] while True: (q,a) = questions.generate() s = questions.shuffle(a) dialogue.show_question(q,s) c = dialogue.prompt_choice(len(s)) e = questions.evaluate(s,c) dialogue.show_outcome(e) t = questions.update_tally(t,e) more = raw_input(continue ? (y/n) ) if more != y: break dialogue.show_tally(t)
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Main Program
in the le quiz.py
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
import questions import dialogue t = [0,0] while True: (q,a) = questions.generate() s = questions.shuffle(a) dialogue.show_question(q,s) c = dialogue.prompt_choice(len(s)) e = questions.evaluate(s,c) dialogue.show_outcome(e) t = questions.update_tally(t,e) more = raw_input(continue ? (y/n) ) if more != y: break dialogue.show_tally(t)
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Two Functions questions.py
import in quand def generate(): """ returns a multiple choice question as a tuple (q,L), where q is a number, and L is a list of numbers with answers """ import random q = random.randint(1,len(quand.questions)) L = range(1,len(quand.answers[q])+1) return (q,L) def evaluate(L,c): """ evaluates choice c to True or False where L is a list of answers """ return (L[c-1] == 1)
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Two Functions in questions.py
import quand def generate(): """ returns a multiple choice question as a tuple (q,L), where q is a number, and L is a list of numbers with answers """ import random q = random.randint(1,len(quand.questions)) L = range(1,len(quand.answers[q])+1) return (q,L) def evaluate(L,c): """ evaluates choice c to True or False where L is a list of answers """ return (L[c-1] == 1)
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
show_question() in dialogue.py
import quand def show_question(q,L): """ displays the questions and the answers on input is the number q of the question and the list L of answers """ print quand.questions[q] choice = 1 for answer in L: p = %d % choice + . p = p + quand.answers[q][answer] print p choice = choice + 1
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Giving Feedback
def show_outcome(b): """ reports outcome to user where b is True or False """ if b: print this is the correct answer else: print wrong, please try again def show_tally(t): """ shows final tally, t is list """ s = #correct : %d % t[1] s += #wrong : %d % t[0] f = 100.0*t[1]/sum(t) s += -> %.2f%% % f print s
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Giving Feedback
def show_outcome(b): """ reports outcome to user where b is True or False """ if b: print this is the correct answer else: print wrong, please try again def show_tally(t): """ shows final tally, t is list """ s = #correct : %d % t[1] s += #wrong : %d % t[0] f = 100.0*t[1]/sum(t) s += -> %.2f%% % f print s
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
modular design software cycle & quality
1 Modular Design
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
2 Python Implementation
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
3 The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
4 Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Namespaces in Python
A namespace is a collection of names available to use. Importing from modules enlarges the current namespace. dir() returns a list of the attributes of the module >>> import random >>> dir(random) [ ... , uniform, ... ] >>> import numpy.random >>> dir(numpy.random) [ ... , uniform, ... ] There are two uniform random number generators: random.uniform() and numpy.random.uniform(). >>> from random import uniform as u1 >>> from numpy.random import uniform as u2 u1() and u2 now belong to the current namespace
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Namespaces in Python
A namespace is a collection of names available to use. Importing from modules enlarges the current namespace. dir() returns a list of the attributes of the module >>> import random >>> dir(random) [ ... , uniform, ... ] >>> import numpy.random >>> dir(numpy.random) [ ... , uniform, ... ] There are two uniform random number generators: random.uniform() and numpy.random.uniform(). >>> from random import uniform as u1 >>> from numpy.random import uniform as u2 u1() and u2 now belong to the current namespace
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Namespaces in Python
A namespace is a collection of names available to use. Importing from modules enlarges the current namespace. dir() returns a list of the attributes of the module >>> import random >>> dir(random) [ ... , uniform, ... ] >>> import numpy.random >>> dir(numpy.random) [ ... , uniform, ... ] There are two uniform random number generators: random.uniform() and numpy.random.uniform(). >>> from random import uniform as u1 >>> from numpy.random import uniform as u2 u1() and u2 now belong to the current namespace
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Namespaces in Python
A namespace is a collection of names available to use. Importing from modules enlarges the current namespace. dir() returns a list of the attributes of the module >>> import random >>> dir(random) [ ... , uniform, ... ] >>> import numpy.random >>> dir(numpy.random) [ ... , uniform, ... ] There are two uniform random number generators: random.uniform() and numpy.random.uniform(). >>> from random import uniform as u1 >>> from numpy.random import uniform as u2 u1() and u2 now belong to the current namespace
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Software Cycle
We are experiencing the software crisis: the industrial sector can not keep up with the ever growing demands of the market. Symptoms:
1 2 3
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
products are delivered late the cost exceed budgets too many bugs appear was 80% versus 20% in the 1960s
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
The relative cost of hardware versus software
became 20% versus 80% in the 1980s keeps going in the same direction.
Reason: hardware production is technology intensive, whereas software creation is human intensive.
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Software Cycle
We are experiencing the software crisis: the industrial sector can not keep up with the ever growing demands of the market. Symptoms:
1 2 3
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
products are delivered late the cost exceed budgets too many bugs appear was 80% versus 20% in the 1960s
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
The relative cost of hardware versus software
became 20% versus 80% in the 1980s keeps going in the same direction.
Reason: hardware production is technology intensive, whereas software creation is human intensive.
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Software Cycle
We are experiencing the software crisis: the industrial sector can not keep up with the ever growing demands of the market. Symptoms:
1 2 3
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
products are delivered late the cost exceed budgets too many bugs appear was 80% versus 20% in the 1960s
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
The relative cost of hardware versus software
became 20% versus 80% in the 1980s keeps going in the same direction.
Reason: hardware production is technology intensive, whereas software creation is human intensive.
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Software Cycle
We are experiencing the software crisis: the industrial sector can not keep up with the ever growing demands of the market. Symptoms:
1 2 3
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
products are delivered late the cost exceed budgets too many bugs appear was 80% versus 20% in the 1960s
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
The relative cost of hardware versus software
became 20% versus 80% in the 1980s keeps going in the same direction.
Reason: hardware production is technology intensive, whereas software creation is human intensive.
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Software Cycle
We are experiencing the software crisis: the industrial sector can not keep up with the ever growing demands of the market. Symptoms:
1 2 3
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
products are delivered late the cost exceed budgets too many bugs appear was 80% versus 20% in the 1960s
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
The relative cost of hardware versus software
became 20% versus 80% in the 1980s keeps going in the same direction.
Reason: hardware production is technology intensive, whereas software creation is human intensive.
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
The Software Cycle
We are experiencing the software crisis: the industrial sector can not keep up with the ever growing demands of the market. Symptoms:
1 2 3
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
products are delivered late the cost exceed budgets too many bugs appear was 80% versus 20% in the 1960s
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
The relative cost of hardware versus software
became 20% versus 80% in the 1980s keeps going in the same direction.
Reason: hardware production is technology intensive, whereas software creation is human intensive.
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
modular design software cycle & quality
1 Modular Design
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
2 Python Implementation
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
3 The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
4 Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Quality of Software Design
industrial quality
Industrial quality refers to products
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
that must meet a target value on average, and within a tolerable standard deviation.
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
example: a search engine should give one page of relevant answers within an average of 10 seconds, and standard deviation of 2 seconds. We distinguish between quality of product and process:
1 2
Summary + Assignments
a high quality product meets users expectations, also the quality of the production process matters!
External qualities can be observed directly by the user. example: easy to use Internal qualities can be measured only by the producer. example: design documentation
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Quality of Software Design
industrial quality
Industrial quality refers to products
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
that must meet a target value on average, and within a tolerable standard deviation.
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
example: a search engine should give one page of relevant answers within an average of 10 seconds, and standard deviation of 2 seconds. We distinguish between quality of product and process:
1 2
Summary + Assignments
a high quality product meets users expectations, also the quality of the production process matters!
External qualities can be observed directly by the user. example: easy to use Internal qualities can be measured only by the producer. example: design documentation
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Quality of Software Design
industrial quality
Industrial quality refers to products
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
that must meet a target value on average, and within a tolerable standard deviation.
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
example: a search engine should give one page of relevant answers within an average of 10 seconds, and standard deviation of 2 seconds. We distinguish between quality of product and process:
1 2
Summary + Assignments
a high quality product meets users expectations, also the quality of the production process matters!
External qualities can be observed directly by the user. example: easy to use Internal qualities can be measured only by the producer. example: design documentation
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Quality of Software Design
industrial quality
Industrial quality refers to products
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
that must meet a target value on average, and within a tolerable standard deviation.
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
example: a search engine should give one page of relevant answers within an average of 10 seconds, and standard deviation of 2 seconds. We distinguish between quality of product and process:
1 2
Summary + Assignments
a high quality product meets users expectations, also the quality of the production process matters!
External qualities can be observed directly by the user. example: easy to use Internal qualities can be measured only by the producer. example: design documentation
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Quality of Software Design
industrial quality
Industrial quality refers to products
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
that must meet a target value on average, and within a tolerable standard deviation.
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
example: a search engine should give one page of relevant answers within an average of 10 seconds, and standard deviation of 2 seconds. We distinguish between quality of product and process:
1 2
Summary + Assignments
a high quality product meets users expectations, also the quality of the production process matters!
External qualities can be observed directly by the user. example: easy to use Internal qualities can be measured only by the producer. example: design documentation
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Quality of Software Design
industrial quality
Industrial quality refers to products
1 2
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
that must meet a target value on average, and within a tolerable standard deviation.
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
example: a search engine should give one page of relevant answers within an average of 10 seconds, and standard deviation of 2 seconds. We distinguish between quality of product and process:
1 2
Summary + Assignments
a high quality product meets users expectations, also the quality of the production process matters!
External qualities can be observed directly by the user. example: easy to use Internal qualities can be measured only by the producer. example: design documentation
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Software Quality Features
what is good software?
A short list of important criteria: correctness must satisfy requirements How reliable is the software? efciency economical use of resources such as hardware and time Do we understand how the complexity of the problem and the software relate? modiability to different environments and requirements How hard is it to correct errors or to add new features? reusability of the same software in different applications Mathematical libraries are a typical example of reusable software.
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Software Quality Features
what is good software?
A short list of important criteria: correctness must satisfy requirements How reliable is the software? efciency economical use of resources such as hardware and time Do we understand how the complexity of the problem and the software relate? modiability to different environments and requirements How hard is it to correct errors or to add new features? reusability of the same software in different applications Mathematical libraries are a typical example of reusable software.
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
Software Quality Features
what is good software?
A short list of important criteria: correctness must satisfy requirements How reliable is the software? efciency economical use of resources such as hardware and time Do we understand how the complexity of the problem and the software relate? modiability to different environments and requirements How hard is it to correct errors or to add new features? reusability of the same software in different applications Mathematical libraries are a typical example of reusable software.
Python Implementation
the modules main program: quiz.py namespaces in Python
The Software Cycle
quality of product and process waterfall and spiral model
Summary + Assignments
MCS 260 L-19 8 Oct 2008 Modular Design
multiple choice quiz bottom-up design
So...