Effect The of Smell on Taste
By Kesav R. Dale T. Daniel F. And Mike P.
The Olfactory System
Olfactory receptors line nasal epithelium, axon extends through pores in bones of skull, dendrite has branches, olfactory cilia that contain receptor proteins for odorants, protected by a thin layer of mucus
Olfactory System
Receptors send axons to olfactory bulb, in primates lies over nose, in other vertebrates posterior to nose Axons from olfactory bulb enter brain via olfactory tract, project to primary olfactory cortex or pyriform cortex on anterioventral of anterioventral of telencephalon, no passage through thalamus
Taste
Taste is one of the five senses used by the brain to distinguish certain aspects of the natural world, and discern poisons and unhealthy foods The main instrument used to taste is the tongue However, recognition and memory also plays a role in taste
The Tongue
The tongue has clusters of taste-receptor cells in taste buds. Taste buds are organized into five groups of sensors: Bitter Sour Sweet Salty Umami
Taste Buds
Gustatory receptors found on the tongue, throat, and oral lining (primarily the cheeks) Taste pores cluster together to form taste buds Each receptor connected is through a synapse to at least one sensory neuron leading to the back of the brain
How Is Flavor Recognized?
Collaboration of taste, smell, and the brain Sensed by taste sensations, food temperature, texture, and odor.
What Causes Smell and Taste Disorders?
Aging or birth defects Several other causes such as laryngitis and smoking
Disturbance of Smell
Transport olfactory loss Sensory olfactory losses Others including specific anosmia and and partial anosmia
Effects of Disorders
Loss of senses Loss of ability to distinguish flavor
How to Diagnose Disorders
Several easy tests, such as the scratchand-sniff test and the sip, spit and rinse test.
Medication
Several treatments to improve c...