n I Class Assignment
Login using the account "user" (or some other non-root account). Unless otherwise instructed, write down the command you used to accomplish the action in the space provided. 1) What is your current working directory? should be /home/user (or similar) 2) Using an absolute reference, change to the directory called "yum" which lives in the toplevel directory called "etc". What command did you use? cd /etc/yum 3) Using a relative reference, make the /etc directory your working directory. What command did you use? cd .. (using cd /etc would work, but is an absolute reference 4) You want a detailed listing of the files and folders in /etc including hidden ones. You find the colors that ls uses by default to be distracting and you want to turn them off. Consult the ls man page. What ls command can you use? ls --color=never -a (-a or -A reveals the hidden files whose name begins with a period) 5) What type of file is DIR_COLORS? (Use the file command to determine this) when you enter file DIR_COLORS, it should respond with English ASCII Text 6) What command will display the first 20 lines of DIR_COLORS? head -20 DIR_COLORS (n is unnecessary) 7) What command will display the last 20 lines of DIR_COLORS? tail -20 DIR_COLORS 8) Investigate the wc (word count) command. What command will display how many lines are contained in the DIR_COLORS file? wc -l DIR_COLORS 9) Another useful Linux command is grep. The general syntax of grep is grep pattern filename. Grep will list any lines in the specified file that contain the characters in pattern. The option n asks grep to also display the number of the line to show its
position in the file. Use grep to list any lines in DIR_COLORS that contain the word "red" and to include the position of that line within the file. What command did you use? grep -n red DIR_COLORS. If you use RED, you will get no matches, as grep is case sensitive by default. Add the option -i to have grep ignore case 10) Make your home directory your current default directory. What is simplest command that will do this in Linux? cd 11) Create a directory called CST306Notes in your home directory. What command did you use? Since you are @home, you can simply use a relative reference: mkdir CST306Notes 12) Did you use an absolute or relative reference in that command? the above is a relative reference, an absolute reference would be mkdir /home/user/CST306Notes or mkdir ~/CST306Notes 13) How could you have created that directory using the other type of reference instead? see above 14) Download a copy of the dante text file from the CST306 resources area of our website using FireFox. Where did the FireFox download manager put the file by default (give the absolute path to this location)? ~/Download (same as /home/user/Download 15) Make sure that your working directory is still your home directory. What command (Linux uses cp) will make a copy of that dante file in the directory you created in step ? Shortest is cp Download/dante . ("copy the dante file from Download which is where below my current working directory and put the copy in this directory). Longer way: cp / home/user/Download/dante /home/user 16) Use the Linux mv command to move the DIR_COLORS file mentioned above to your home What directory. command did you try? Assuming you are in your home, mv /etc/DIR_COLORS ~ (destination could also be written as . or ~) Why do think it failed? mv implies a deletion at the source (/etc) and you do not have necessary permissions 17) Instead use the cp command to copy DIR_COLORS giving it the new name dir_colors. What command did you use? cp /etc/DIR_COLORS ~/dir_colors (making a case sensitive name change while we are at it)
18) Make sure your working directory is ~. Execute the command ls R >snapshot1. What is the name for the operation that you just performed using the metacharacter: >? output redirection 19) Why was snapshot1 created in your home directory rather than somewhere else? because the reference to snapshot1 was a relative one and my current working directory was my home directory_______________________________________________________ 20) Make the CST306Notes directory your working directory. Command? assuming you are at home, cd CST306Notes will do (relative) NOTE: tab completion will save you time type cd C followed by tab 21) Use the touch command to create three empty files called file1, file2, and file3. Touch can create the three files at one time. You do not need to use touch 3 times: touch file1 file2 file3 NOTE: if you use commas, they become part of the filename (touch file1, file2, file3) 22) Make a new directory called backup below your home directory which is a copy of the CST306Notes directory and its contents. What command did you use? Assuming you are still in CST306Notes. briefest method is cp -R . ~/backup ("copy this directory to backup below my home directory"). -R means include all files and subdirectories. The -a (archive) option that most of you used is actually better, though -R or -r works here __________________________________________________________________________ 23) What option of cp and mv will warn you about potential overwriting of existing files? -i 24) Use the alias...