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36 Pages

04_250S08_Struct_Ceramics

Course: MSE 250, Spring 2008
School: Michigan State University
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Word Count: 419

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of Structure Ceramics Scanning Electron Microscopy Image of a Diamond thin film QuickTimeTM and a Photo - JPEG decompressor are needed to see this picture. bcc structure: CN = 8 The unit cell is a convenient representation, but metals are NOT molecular, and the U.C. isnt a molecule. Remember to visualize the near infinite extent of the lattice, beyond the confines of the unit cell. fcc structure: CN = 12 FCC...

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of Structure Ceramics Scanning Electron Microscopy Image of a Diamond thin film QuickTimeTM and a Photo - JPEG decompressor are needed to see this picture. bcc structure: CN = 8 The unit cell is a convenient representation, but metals are NOT molecular, and the U.C. isnt a molecule. Remember to visualize the near infinite extent of the lattice, beyond the confines of the unit cell. fcc structure: CN = 12 FCC QuickTimeTM and a Photo - JPEG decompressor are needed to see this picture. HCP hcp structure: CN = 12 QuickTimeTM and a Photo - JPEG decompressor are needed to see this picture. Simple Cubic Structure "hard-sphere" space-filling model: Note the large interstitial spaces between the atoms Ceramics: Often two atoms of widely varying ionic radius QuickTimeTM and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. DC/CO = cos 30 = sqrt(3)/2 = ra/(ra+rc) thus, rc/ra = 2/sqrt(3) - 1 = 0.155 ra rc O D C Cation Al3+ Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Ca2+ Anion O2ClF- Answer: r cation 0.077 r anion 0.140 0.550 based on this ratio, --coord # = 6 --structure = NaCl 5 NaCl Structure (also MgO, MnS, LiF, FeO) AX type: Na+: 0.102 nm, Cl-: 0.181 nm Ratio: 0.563 CN = 6 <0.115: .155-.225: CN=2 CN=3 .225-.414: .414-.732: .732-1.00: CN=4 CN=6 CN=8 CsCl Structure (also NiAl, TiNi) AX type: Cs+: 0.170 nm, Cl-: 0.181 nm Ratio: 0.94 CN = 8 <0.115: CN=2 .155-.225: .225-.414: CN=3 CN=4 .414-.732: .732-1.00: CN=6 CN=8 ZnS (,,zinc blende) Structure SiC, (also ZnTe) AX type: Covalent Bonding, CN = 4 <0.115: .155-.225: CN=2 CN=3 .225-.414: .414-.732: .732-1.00: CN=4 CN=6 CN=8 CaF2 Structure (also UO2, PuO2, ThO2) AX2 type: Ca2+: 0.10 nm, F-: 0.133 nm Ratio: 0.751 CN = 8 <0.115: CN=2 .155-.225: CN=3 .225-.414: .414-.732: .732-1.00: CN=4 CN=6 CN=8 Perovskite Structure (BaTiO3, SrZrO3, SrSnO3) AmBnXp type Perovskite Structures can be Polarized. This gives the Piezoelectric effect: Strain produces a voltage, applied electric field produces a strain. --------- +++++++++ NaCl Structure: Anions in fcc close packed arrangement, cations occupy octahedral sites FCC anion close packing, Cations in tetrahedral sites Cristobalite: SiO2 Silicate Structure found in layered structures like clays. Charge must be balanced by other layers like Al2(OH)4++ Silicate Network in Glass Na+ to balance charge "Bridging" oxygen Note: Cation/anion radius ratio is 0.285: CN=4. These defects carry a net charge Anion Cation The "Frenkel Pair" The Schottkey Defect Here the charge on the defect is balanced by a change in valency of the cation: interstitial cation substitutional anion substitutional Impurities: The Diamond Cubic structure. (diamond, silicon) sp3 bonds Graphite: stable at room temperature, sp2 bonding QuickTimeTM and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTimeTM and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
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1A 1 H 1.008 3 Li 6.94 11 Na 22.99 19 K 39.10 37 Rb 85.5 55 Cs 132.9 87 Fr (223)2A 3A 4 5 Be B 9.01 10.81 12 13 Mg Al 24.30 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B -8B- 1B 2B 26.98 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga 40.08 44.96 47.90 50.
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