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tt2005civilrightsessayplan
Course: SCAT 3104, Fall 2009School: East Los Angeles College
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Word Count: 1118
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influencepolicyinthelongrun.Discusswithreferencetothecivilrightsmovement. Thesis: TheUSPresidentiswellsituatedtorespondtonationalcrisis,butpoorlyplacedto 1.Rejectsecondstatement,wewillshowthatPresidentscanhaveasignificantinfluenceonlongrun policywithreferencetoTrumanandJohnsoninthecivilrightsmovement,althoughtheconceptofthe longrunisalittlevacuous....
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influencepolicyinthelongrun.Discusswithreferencetothecivilrightsmovement.
Thesis: TheUSPresidentiswellsituatedtorespondtonationalcrisis,butpoorlyplacedto 1.Rejectsecondstatement,wewillshowthatPresidentscanhaveasignificantinfluenceonlongrun policywithreferencetoTrumanandJohnsoninthecivilrightsmovement,althoughtheconceptofthe longrunisalittlevacuous. 2.Thepresidentsroleistorespondtonationalcrises,butfacesvariousconstraintsindoingso.These constraintscanrenderhisattemptsineffective,aswillbeshownthroughEisenhowerandKennedy,but giventherightpersonalconvictionsandattributes,nationalcrisescaneffectivelybemanagedutilisedby presidents,aswasthecasewithJohnsonandtoalesserextendTruman Influencingpolicyinlongrundifficultaspresidentscanserveamaximumof2termsinoffice Distinctionbetweeninfluencingpolicyandeffectingpolicychange Truman EmpanelledPresidentsCommitteeonCivilRights1946 CommitteeissuedreportToSecureThoseRights1947:TheUnitedStatesisnotsostrong,thefinal triumphofthedemocraticidealisnotsoinevitablethatwecanignorewhattheworldthinksofusorour record. Longruninfluenceonpolicy? Highlightedanissuethatwouldcometoplayamassiveroleincivilrightslegislation Nonationalcrisisfacedhadnotreachedthatpointyet Setcourseofcivilrightslegislationinlongrun Brokesolidsouth Inrealisingthepotentialtoharnesslargeblackvotingblocsthatcouldswingsomeofthelargeststateshe hadalastinginfluenceonthepoliticallandscapeandcleavages Startedadrivetoenddiscriminationinfederalemployment1948 Brokeinstitutionalbackboneofdiscriminatoryemploymentpractices FirstpresidenttoaddresscivilrightsissuesinceLincoln,butlittleprogresswasmadeasinhisshorttime hecouldnotreversethepracticesandculturethathaddevelopedoverthepast150years TosignificantlyinfluencepolicyTrumanwouldhaveneededanationalcrisis? Eisenhower FacedpotentialnationalcrisisSupremecourtruling1954BrownvsBoardofEducation AppointedJusticeWarrenwhoruledseparateeducationfacilitiesareinherentlyunequal Inadvertentlycreatedanationalcrisisandthusindoingsoinfluencedpolicyinthelongrunalthough nothisintendedresult LateradmittedtheappointmentwasthebiggestdamnedfoolmistakeIveevermadeinmylife
Eaglesinretrospect,thecivilrightsrevolutionappearstohavebeentheinevitableconsequenceof Brown Hisresponsetothenationalcrisishecreated LittleRockLittleRock,ArkansasvotedtointegrateschoolsystemfollowingBrown GovernorofArkansascalledoutNationalGuardtoprevent9blackstudentswhohadsuedfortherightto attendanintegratedschoolattendingLittleRockHighSchool CollisioncoursewithEisenhower,whoalthoughonlylukewarmtowardsintegration,wasdeterminedto upholdordersofFederalCourts,butrefrainedfromdoingsountilhishandwasforced EisenhowerfederalizedNationalGuardandorderedthemtoreturntotheirbarracks Signofpowerofpresidentinrespondingtonationalcrisis?Overruledlocalauthorities,roleasCinC ButasignofweaknessmerelycarryingoutSupremeCourtrulingconstitutionalconstraintson presidentcouldnotdirectpolicyratherthecoordinatorinchief Twomonthsearliersaidhecouldnotimagineanysetofcircumstancesthatwouldeverinducemeto Kennedy sendfederaltroopsclearlycantinfluencepolicyovertwomonths,letalongthelongrun Mostdebated SitkoffKennedyonlyintervenedwhenitwasabsolutelynecessarytheKennedyssawthestruggle againstracismasaconundrumtobemanaged,notacausetobechampioned KennedysnonactionoverAlbanyillustratedislackofdesiretoinfluencepolicyinthelongrun KingsawKennedyasatemporizerandmanipulator,devoidofanytruesenseofmoralurgency concerningtheraceissues(Sitkoff) SchlesingerarguesthathehadalongertermvisiontoincorporatetheNegrorevolutionintothe democraticcoalitionandtherebyservethefutureofAmericanfreedom WhenKennedydidact,followingBirmingham,heaskedCongresstopassacivilrightslawthatwas fairlycomprehensiveincludingextensiveprovisionsthatwentbeyondwhatmostimaginedhewouldcall for However,despitehisattempttoinfluencepolicyinresponsetonationalcrisis,congressdawdleduntilhis assassination Ittookhisdeathtobringaboutcivilrightslegislationshowshowpoorlyplacedhewasbothtorespond tonationalcrisisandtoinfluencepolicyinthelongrun Despitepledgesinhispresidentialcampaignoncivilrights,Kennedycouldnotbringaboutthesechanges becauseinternationalissuesmeantthathecouldnotfocusondomesticissuesandheknewtherewouldbe nogreatpublicopinionbehindhimifhedid Heneededanationalcrisis Johnson NationalcrisisBirminghamKing:ThesoundofBirminghamreachedallthewaytoWashington
Alabama SitkoffamanfromTexaswhoviewedthereconciliationofregionaldifferencesasaspecial challenge Madeaconcertedeffortthreemainapproaches 1. Unequivocalinhissupportforcivilrightsashehimselfsaid,theymaynotlikeit,butatleastthey wouldlikeitstraight. 2. HetriedtorecognizeandempathisewithhabitsofthoughtintheSouth,includingaloveforthe Constitution,whichhepointedouthappenstoincludeequalityfortheNegro. 3. Heplayedonandhighlightedthe...
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