Verb-initial
# grammars: A multilingual/parallel perspective
# ESRC Project RES-000-23-0505
# Oxford University
# Charles Randriamasimanana
# Malagasy lexicon:
# Malagasy Roots without a passive meaning: ESRC-OX-05-CR302.
# These are roots without a passive meaning: A to H.
# Unlike roots with a passive meaning (a closed class), roots without a passive meaning represent
# an open-ended class and will usually take an affix, i.e. a prefix, a suffix or both.
akatra
# Root 'ascension'
# Root akatra 'ascension';
manakatra
# 'to reach';
# transitive verb manakatra m+an+akatra 'pres-an-root.akatra''to reach';
miakatra
# 'to ascend';
# intransitive verb miakatra m+i+akatra 'pres-i-root.akatra''to ascend';
akaro
# '(let-sth)-be-lifted-by.you'
# passive 1 imperative akaro stem.akar+o '(let-sth)-be-lifted-by.you';
akarina
# '(sth)-usually-be-lifted' or '(sth-is-being-lifted';
# passive 1 indicative akarina stem.akar+ina '(sth)-usually-be-lifted' or '(sth-is-being-lifted';
mampiakatra
#'to lift (sth)';
# corresponding to the MANIPULATIVE causative mampiakatra m+amp+i+akatra 'pres-caus-i-root.akatra'
#'to lift (sth)';
mampakatra
# 'to marry';
# mampakatra m+amp+akatra 'pres-caus-akatra''to marry';
ampiakaro
# '(let-sth)-be-lifted-by.you';
# causative passive 1 imperative for mampiakatra ampiakaro amp+i+akaro 'caus-prf-stem.akar(o)':
# (let-sth)-be-lifted-by.you';
ampiakarina
# '(sth-be)-usually-lifted' or '(sth-is)-being-lifted';
# causative passive 1 indicative for mampiakatra ampiakarina amp+i+akar+ina 'caus-prf-stem.akar-ina'
#'(sth-be)-lifted';
ampakarina
# '(is-being)-taken-as-a-spouse';
# causative passive 1 for mampakatra ampakarina amp+akar+ina '(is-being)-taken-as-a-spouse';
anakaro
# '(let-an-instrument)-be-used-by.you-to-reach';
# passive 2 imperative for manakatra anakaro an+stem.akar+o '(let-an-instrument)-be-used-by.you-
# to-reach';
anakarana
# (sth/INSTRUMENT)-to-be-used-to-reach';
# passive 2 indicative for manakatra anakarana an+akar+ana 'prf-stem.akar-ana'(sth)-to-be-
# used-to-reach';
ampiakarana
# '(the-instrument-used)-to-lift something';
# causative passive 2 indicative ampiakarana amp+i+akar+ana 'caus-prf-stem.akar-ana'
# '(the-instrument-used)-to-lift something';
ampakarana
# '(the circumstances-in-which-s.one)-to-be-taken-as-a-spouse';
# causative passive 2 for mampakatra ampakarana
# amp+akar+ana '(the circumstances-in-which-s.one)-to-be-taken-as-a-spouse';
tafakatra
# '(has-been)-able-to-go-upstairs';
# tafakatra tafa+akatra 'intransitive.perfective.tafa-root.akatra'(has-been)-able-to-go-upstairs';
fampakarana
# 'the action of taking upstairs, the action of espousing';
# fampakarana f+amp+akar+ana 'nominalizer.f-pref.amp-stem.akar-suffix.ana';
fiakarana
# 'the action of going up, ascension';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the secondary prefix amp;
# fiakarana f+i+akar+ana 'nominalizer.f-pref.i-stem.akar+suffix.ana''ascension';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the primary prefix I.
anatra
# N 'advice';
# Root anatra 'advice';
mananatra
# 'to advise';
# transitive active mananatra m+an+root.anatra 'to advise';
anaro
# '(let-s.one)-be-advised-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative anaro stem.anar+o 'anar-by.you''(let-s.one)-be-advised-by.you';
anarina
# '(the-one-who)-be-usually-advised-with-only-the initial-step-implemented'
# or '(the-one-who-is)-being-advised with-only-the initial-step-implemented';
# passive 1 indicative anarina a+anar+ina 'prf.a-anar-suffix.ina''(the-one-who)-be-usually
# -advised-with-only-the initial-step-implemented' or '(the-one-who-is)-being-advised with-only-
# the initial-step-implemented'--with simplification of sequence a+anar > anar;
nanarina
# '(the-one-who)-was-advised';
# passive 1 past indicative nanarina n+(a)+anar+ina 'past.active-(prf.a)-stem.anar-suffix.ina'
# note the virtual presence of the prefix a and the form n for past tense;
hanarina
# '(the-one-who)-will-be-advised';
# passive 1 future indicative hanarina h+(a)+anar+ina 'future.active-(prf.a)-stem.anar-suffix.ina'
# note the virtual presence of the prefix a and the form h for future tense;
ananaro
# '(let-sth)-be-used-by.you-to-advise';
# passive 2 imperative ananaro an+anar+o 'prf.an-stem.anar-by.you''(let-sth)-be-used-by.you-to-advise';
ananarana
# '(that-which)-be-used-to-advise';
# passive 2 indicative ananarana an+anar+ana 'prf.an-stem.anar-suffix.ana''(that-which)-be-used-
# to advise';
nananarana
# '(sth)-was-used-by.you-to-advise';
# passive 2 past tense indicative nananarana n+an+anar+ana 'past.active-prf.an-stem.anar-suffix.ana'
# '(that-which)-was-used-to advise';
hananarana
# '(sth)-will-be-used-by.you-to-advise';
# passive 2 future tense indicative hananarana h+an+anar+ana 'future.active-prf.an-stem.anar-suffix.ana'
# '(that-which)-will.be-used-to advise'.
mianatra
# 'to learn';
# Root anatra 'advice'; transitive or intransitive mianatra m+i+anatra 'pres-prf.i-root.anatra''to learn';
ianaro
# '(let-sth)-be-learnt-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative ianaro i+anar+o 'prf.i-stem.anar-by.you''(let-sth)-be-learnt-by.you';
ianarana
# '(that-which)-be-usually-learnt' or '(that-which-is)-being-learned'
# passive 1 indicative ianarana i+anar+ana 'prf.i-stem.anar-suffix.ana''(that-which)-be-
# usually-learnt' or '(that-which-is)-being-learned';
nianarana
# 'was-learned';
# passive 1 past indicative nianarana n+i+anar+ana 'past.active-prf.i-stem.anar-suffix.ana'
# 'was-learned';
hianarana
# 'will.be-learned';
# passive 1 future indicative hianarana h+i+anar+ana 'future.active-prf.i-stem.anar-suffix.ana'
# 'will.be-learned';
mampianatra
# 'to teach';
# complex form mampianatra m+amp+i+anatra 'pres-prf.amp-prf-i-root.anatra''to teach';
ampianaro
# '(let-s.one)-be-taught-by.you';
# complex causative passive 1 imperative ampianaro amp+i+anar+o 'prf.amp-prf.i-stem.anar-by.you'
# '(let-s.one)-be-taught-by.you';
ampianarina
# '(the-ones-who/that-which)-be-usually-taught' or '(the-one/s-who/that-which-is)-being-taught';
# complex causative passive 1 indicative ampianarina amp+i+anar+ina 'prf.amp-prf.i-anar-suffix.ina'
# '(the-ones-who/that-which)-be-usually-taught' or '(the-one/s-who/that-which-is)-being-taught';
nampianarina
# 'was-usually-taught' or 'was-being-taught';
# complex causative passive 1 past tense indicative nampianarina n+amp+i+anar+ina 'past.active-
# prf.amp-prf.i-stem.anar-suffix.ina''was-usually-taught' or 'was-being-taught';
hampianarina
# 'will.be-usually-taught';
# complex causative passive 1 future tense indicative hampianarina h+amp+i+anar+ina 'future.active
# -prf.amp-prf.i-stem.anar-suffix.ina''will.be-usually-taught';
ampianarana
# '(the-instrument/circumstances-under-which-sth)-be-usually-taught' or '(the-instrument/circumstances
# under-which-sth)-is-being-taught';complex causative passive 2 indicative ampianarana amp+i+anar+ana
# 'prf.amp-prf.i-anar-suffix.ana''(the-instrument/circumstances-under-which-sth)-be-usually-taught' or
# '(the-instrument/circumstances-sth)-is-being-taught';
nampianarana
# 'was-used-to-teach';
# complex causative passive 2 past tense indicative nampianarana n+amp+i+anar+ana 'past.active-
# prf.amp-prf.i-stem.anar-suffix.ana''was-used-to-teach';
hampianarana
# 'will.be-used-to-teach';
# complex causative passive 2 future tense indicative hampianarana h+amp+i+anar+ana 'future.active
# -prf.amp-prf.i-stem.anar-suffix.ana''will.be-used-to-teach';
fianarana
# 'school'
# fianarana f+i+anar+ana 'nominaliser.f-prf.i-stem.anar-suffix.ana''school';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix I and the stem form;
fianatra
# 'the usual action/manner of learning';
# fianatra f+i+anatra 'nominaliser.f-prefix.i-root.anatra''the usual action/manner of learning';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Stative Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix I and the root form;
fampianarana
# 'teaching'
# fampianarana f+amp+i+anar+ana 'nominaliser.f-prf.amp-prf.i-stem.anar-suffix.ana''teaching';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the secondary prefix amp;
mpianatra
# 'student';
# mpianatra mp+i+anatra 'pref.mp-prf.i-root.anatra''student';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
mpampianatra
# 'teacher';
# mpampianatra mp+amp+i+anatra 'pref.mp-causative.pref.amp-pref.i-root.anatra''teacher';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
didy
# N 'cut';
# Root didy 'cut';
mandidy
# 'to cut';
# transitive mandidy m+an+root.didy 'to cut';
mididy
# '(to-be-usually)-cut';
# intransitive mididy m+i+root.didy '(to-be-usually)-cut';
didio
# (let-sth)-be-cut-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative didio stem.didi+o '(let-sth)-be-cut-by.you'; passive 1 indicative pronunciation
# [di.di.na] / didi + ina /, but spelling = didiana!
didiana
# '(be-usually/habitually)-cut-up' or '(is)-being-cut-up;
nodidiana
# 'was-cut-up';
# Passive 1 past tense indicative nodidiana 'past.passive-stem.didi-suffix.ana''was-cut-up, deliberately
# and punctually';
hodidiana
# 'will.be-cut-up';
# passive 1 future tense indicative hodidiana 'future.passive-stem.didi-suffix.ana''will.be-cut-up';
andidio
# '(let-a-portion-of-sth)-be-cut-by.you' or '(let-sth/instrument)-be-used-by.you-to-cut';
# passive 2 imperative andidio an+didi+o 'prf.an-stem.didi-by.you''(let-a-portion-of-sth)-be-cut-by.you'
# or '(let-sth/instrument)-be-used-by.you-to-cut';
andidiana
# (that-from-which-a-portion)-be-cut' or'(the-instrument/manner/circumstance-under-which-sth)-be-cut';
# passive 2 indicative andidiana an+didi+ana 'prf.an-stem.didi-suffix.ana'(that-from-which-a-portion)-be-cut'
# or '(the-instrument/manner/circumstance-under-which-sth)-be-cut';
adidy
# '(instrument/electric.knife)-be-used-to-cut';
# Alternative a.passive: adidy a+didy 'a.passive-root.didy'(instrument/electric.knife)-be-used-to-cut';
# this form cannot be used to describe the action of cutting with a non-electric knife!
voadidy
# '(has-been)-cut';
# voadidy voa+didy 'transitive.perfective.voa-root.didy''(has-been)-cut';
fandidiana
# 'surgical operation';
# fandidiana f+an+didi+ana 'nominaliser.f-prf.an-stem.didi-suffix.ana''surgical operation';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
mpandidy
# 'surgeon';
# mpandidy mp+an+didy 'pref.mp-pref.an-root.didy''surgeon';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
dinika
# N 'consultation';
# Root dinika 'consultation';
mandinika
# 'to examine';
# transitive or intransitive mandinika m+an+root.dinika 'to examine';
midinika
# 'to hold talks';
# intransitive midinika m+i+dinika 'pres-prf.i-root.dinika''to hold talks';
diniho
# '(let-sth)-be-examined-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative diniho stem.dinih+o '(let-sth)-be-examined-by.you';
dinihina
# '(the-one-who/that-which)-be-usually-examined' or '(the-one-who/that-which-is)
# -being-examined'; passive 1 indicative dinihina dinih+ina 'stem.dinih-suffix.ina'
# '(the-one-who/that-which)-be-usually-examined' or '(the-one-who/that-which-is)
# -being-examined';
nodinihina
# '(the-one-who/that-which)-was-deliberately & punctually-examined';
# passive 1 indicative nodinihina no+dinih+ina 'pref.no-stem.dinih-suffix.ina'
# '(the-one-who/that-which)-was-deliberately & punctuallu-examined';
andiniho
# '(let-sth/INSTRUMENT/circumstances)-be-used-by.you-to-examine';
# passive 2 imperative andiniho an+dinih+o 'prf.an-stem.dinih-by.you''(let-sth/INSTRUMENT/
# circumstances)-be-used-by.you-to-examine';
andinihana
# '(sth/INSTRUMENT/circumstances)-be-used-to-examine';
# passive 2 indicative andinihana an+dinih+ana 'prf.an-stem.dinih-suffix.ana''(sth/INSTRUMENT/
# circumstances)-be-used-to-examine';
nifampidinika
# 'to hold discussions';
# nifampidinika n+if+amp+i+dinika 'past.tense-reciprocal.if-pref.amp-pref.i-root.dinika'
# 'to hold discussions';
voadinika
# '(has-been)-discussed';
# voadinika voa+dinika 'transitive.perfective.voa-root.dinika''(has-been)-discussed';
fandinihana
# 'examination, analysis';
# fandinihana f+an+dinih+ana 'nominaliser.f-prf.an-stem.dinih-suffix.ana''examination';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
fandinika
# 'the usual action/manner of examining';
# fandinika f+an+dinika 'nominaliser.f-prefix.an-root.dinika''the usual action/manner of
# examining';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Stative Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form involved here;
mpandinika
# 'analyst, observer';
# mpandinika mp+an+dinika 'pref.mp-pref.an-root.dinika''analyst, observer';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
dio
# Root 'cleanliness';
# Root dio 'cleanliness';
mandio
# 'to clean up';
# transitive or intransitive mandio m+an+root.dio 'to clean up';
midio
# "to clean oneself up';
# intransitive midio m+i+root.dio "to clean oneself up';
diovy
# '(let-(s.one/sth)-be-cleaned-up-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative diovy stem.diov+y 'dio-epenthetic.v-by.you''(let-(s.one/sth)-be
# -cleaned-up-by.you';
diovina
# '(s.one/sth)-be-usually-cleaned-up' or '(s.one/sth-is)-being-cleaned-up';
# passive 1 indicative diovina stem.diov+ina 'dio-epenthetic.v-suffix.ina''(s.one/
# sth)-be-usually-cleaned-up' or '(s.one/sth-is)-being-cleaned-up';
nodiovina
# '(s.one/sth)-was-deliberately & punctually--cleaned-up';
# passive 1 indicative nodiovina no+diov+ina 'passive.past-stem.diov-suffix.ina'
# '(s.one/sth)-was-deliberately & punctually-cleaned-up';
andiovy
# '(let-sth/INSTRUMENT/circumstances)-be-used-by.you-to-clean-up';
# passive 2 imperative andiovy an+diov+y 'prf.an-stem.diov-by.you''(let-sth/
# INSTRUMENT/circumstances)-be-used-by.you-to-clean-up';
andiovana
# (intrument-with/circumstances-in-which-sth)-is-usually-cleaned-up' or '(instrument
# -with/circumstances-in-which-sth-is)-being-cleaned-up';
# passive 2 indicative andiovana an+diov+ana 'pref.an-stem.diov-suffix.ana''(intrument-with/
# circumstances-in-which-sth)-is-usually-cleaned-up' or '(instrument-with/circumstances-in-
# which-sth-is)-being-cleaned-up';
voadio
# '(the-one-who/that-which)-has-been-successfully-cleaned';
# Root dio 'cleanliness'; voadio voa+dio 'transitive.perfective-root.dio''(the-one-who/that-
# which)-has-been-successfully-cleaned';
fahadiovana
# 'cleanliness'
# fahadiovana f+aha+dio+v+ana 'nominaliser.f-prf.aha-stem.diov-suffix.ana';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AHA;
fandiovana
# 'the action of cleaning up';
# fandiovana f+an+dio+v+ana 'nominalizer.f-pref.an-stem.diov-suffix.ana''the action
# of cleaning';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
madio
# 'clean';
# madio ma+dio 'pref.ma-root.dio''clean';
doboka
# N 'loud noise';
# Root doboka 'loud noise';
mandoboka
# 'to make a loud noise';
# transitive mandoboka m+an+root.doboka 'to make a loud noise';
dobohy
# '(let-sth)-be-used-to-make-a-loud-noise';
# passive 1 imperative dobohy stem.doboh+y '(let-sth)-be-used-to-make-a-loud-noise';
dobohina
# '(that-who/which-be-usually)-made-a-loud-noise-out-of' or '(that-who/which-is-being)-
# made-a-loud-noise-out-of'; dobohina 'stem.doboh-suffix.ina';
nodobohina
# '(that-who/which-was-deliberately & punctually)-made-a-loud-noise-out-of';
# nodobohina 'passive.past-stem.doboh-suffix.ina';
adobohy
# '(let-sth)-be-used-to-make-a-loud-noise';
# passive 1 imperative alternative adobohy adoboh+y '(let-sth)-be-used-to-make-a-loud-noise';
adoboka
# '(that-which)-be-usually/habitually-used-to-make-a-loud-noise' or
# '(that-which-is)-being-used-to-make-a-loud-noise';
# passive 1 indicative adoboka a+doboka 'a.passive-root.doboka''(that-which)-be-usually/
# habitually-used-to-make-a-loud-noise' or'(that-which-is)-being-used-to-make-a-loud-noise';
andobohana
# '(the-instrument-used)-to-make-a-loud-nouse';
# andobohana an+doboh+ana 'pref.an-stem.doboh-suffix.ana';
fandobohana
# 'the action of making a loud noise';
# fandobohana f+an+doboh+ana 'nominalizer.f-pref.an-stem.doboh-suffix.ana''the action of making a
# loud noise'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN;
fandrika
# N 'trap';
# Root fandrika 'trap';
mamandrika
# 'to trap';
# transitive mamandrika m+a(n>m)+root.(f)andrika 'to trap';
fandriho
# '(let-s.one/sth)-be-trapped-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative fandriho stem.fandrih+o '(let-s.one/sth)-be-trapped-by.you';
fandrihana
# '(the-one-who/that-which)-be-usually-trapped' or '(the-one-who/that-which-
# is)-being-trapped';
# passive 1 indicative fandrihana fandrih+ana 'stem.fandrih-suffix.ana''(the-one-who/
# that-which)-be-usually-trapped' or '(the-one-who/that-which-
# is)-being-trapped';
nofandrihana
# '(the-one-who/that-which)-was-deliberately & punctually-trapped';
# passive 1 indicative nofandrihana no+fandrih+ana 'passive.past.no-stem.fandrih-suffix.ana'
# '(the-one-who/that-which)-was-deliberately & punctually-trapped';
amandriho
# '(let-sth/INSTRUMENT/circumstances)-be-used-by.you-to-trap';
# passive 2 imperative amandriho a(n>m)+stem.(f)andrih+o '(let-sth/INSTRUMENT/circum-
# stances)-be-used-by.you-to-trap';
amandrihana
# '(sth/INSTRUMENT/circumstances)-be-used-to-trap';
# passive 2 indicative amandrihana a(n>m)+stem.(f)andrih+ana 'prf.an-stem.fandrih-suffix.ana'
# '(sth/INSTRUMENT/circumstances)-be-used-to-trap';
voafandrika
# '(who/which)-has-been-successfully-trapped';
# Root fandrika 'trap'; voafandrika voa+root.fandrika 'transitive.perfective-fandrika'
# '(who/which)-has-been-successfully-trapped';
famandrihana
# subscription';
# famandrihana f+a(n>m)+(f)andrih+ana 'nominaliser.f-prf.an-stem.fandrih-suffix.ana'
#'the trapping';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
mpamandrika
# 'subscriber';
# mpamandrika mp+a(n>m)+(f)andrika 'pref.mp-pref.an-root.fandrika''subscriber';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
fantsika
# N 'nail';
# Root fantsika 'nail';
mamantsika
# 'to nail';
# transitive mamantsika m+a(n>m)+(f)antsika 'pres-pref.an-root.fantsika''to nail';
fantsiho
# '(let-sth)-be-nailed-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative fantsiho fantsih+o 'stem.fantsih-by.you''(let-sth)-be-nailed-by.you';
fantsihana
# '(that-which)-be-usually-nailed' or '(that-which-is)-being-nailed';
# passive 1 indicative fantsihana fantsih+ana 'stem.fantsih-suffix.ana''(that-which)-be-usually-nailed'
# or '(that-which-is)-being-nailed';
nofantsihana
# '(that-which)-was-deliberately & punctually-nailed';
# passive 1 indicative fantsihana nofantsih+ana 'passive.past-stem.fantsih-suffix.ana'
# '(that-which)-was-deliberately & punctually-nailed';
amantsiho
# '(let-sth/INSTRUMENT/circumstances)-be-used-by.you-to-nail';
# passive 2 immperative amantsiho an+(f)antsih+o 'prf.an-stem.fantsih-by.you''(let-sth/
# INSTRUMENT/circumstances)-be-used-by.you-to-nail';
voafantsika
# '(which-has-been)-successfully-nailed';
# Root fantsika 'nail'; voafantsika voa+root.fantsika 'transitive.perfective-fantsika''(which-has-
# been)-successfully-nailed';
famatsihana
# 'the (usual) action of nailing';
# famantsihana f+a(n>m)+(f)antsih+ana 'prf.f-prf.an-stem.fatsih-suffix.ana''the action of nailing';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
faritra
# N 'limit';
# Root faritra 'limit';
mamaritra
# 'to limit';
# transitive mamaritra m+a(n>m)+(f)aritra 'pres-prefix.an-root.faritra''to limit';
mifaritra
# 'to-be-well-delimited';
# intransitive mifaritra m+i+faritra 'to-be-well-delimited';
farito
# '(let-sth)-be-delimited-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative farito stem.farit+o '(let-sth)-be-delimited-by.you';
faritana
# '(sth)-be-usually-delimited' or '(sth-is)-being-delimited';
# passive 1 indicative faritana farit+ana 'stem.farit-suffix.ana''(sth)-be-usually-delimited'
# or '(sth-is)-being-delimited';
nofaritana
# '(sth)-was-deliberately & punctually-delimited';
# passive 1 indicative nofaritana no+farit+ana 'passive.past-stem.farit-suffix.ana'
# '(sth)-was-deliberately & punctually-delimited';
amarito
# '(let-sth/INSTRUMENT/circumstances)-be-used-by.you-to-delimit';
# passive 2 imperative amarito a(n>m)+(f)arit+o 'prf.an-stem.farit-by.you'
# '(let-sth/INSTRUMENT/circumstances)-be-used-by.you-to-delimit';
voafaritra
# '(sth)-has-been-successfully-delimited';
# Root faritra 'limit'; voafaritra voa+faritra 'transitive.perfective-root.faritra''(sth)-has-been-
# successfully-delimited';
famaritana
# 'delimitation';
# famaritana f+a(n>m)+(f)arit+ana 'prf.f-prf.an-stem.farit-suffix.ana''delimitation';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
mpamaritra
# 'delimiter';
# mpamaritra mp+a(n>m)+(f)aritra 'pref.mp-pref.an-root.faritra''delimiter';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
faty
# N 'corpse';
## Root faty 'corpse';
mahafaty
# 'dangerous';
# mahafaty m+aha+faty 'pres-causative.prf.aha-root.faty''dangerous';
fahafatesana
# 'death';
# fahafatesana f+aha+fati+s+ana 'nominalizer.f-prf.aha-stem.fates-suffix.ana''death',
# where syllabification yields fa.ha.fa.ti.sa.na > fa.ha.fa.tis.a.na > fa.ha.fa.tes.a.na >
# fa.ha.fa.te.sa.na with vowel lowering with a closed syllable like tis;
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the default prefix AHA;
ahafatesana
# '(the circumstances-under-which-s.one)-dies';
# ahafatesana aha+fati+s+ana 'prefix.aha-stem.fates-suffix.ana''(the circumstances-
# under-which-s.one)-dies';
nahafatesana
# '(the circumstances-under-which-s.one)-died';
# nahafatesana aha+fati+s+ana 'past.tense-prefix.aha-stem.fates-suffix.ana''(the circumstances-
# under-which-s.one)-died';
gaina
# Root 'disappointed';
# Root gaina 'disappointed';
mangaina
# 'to be disappointed';
# intransitive mangaina m+an+gaina 'to be disappointed'; no passive 1 imperative;
# no passive 2 imperative.
halatra
# N 'theft';
# Root halatra 'theft';
mangalatra
# 'to steal';
# transitive or intransitive mangalatra m+an+root.(h>g)alatra 'to steal';
angalaro
# '(let-sth)-be-stolen-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative angalaro an+(h>g)alar+o 'prf.an-stem.halar-by.you''(let-sth)-be-stolen-by.you';
angalarina
# '(the-one-who/that-which)-be-usually-stolen' or '(the-one-who/that-which-is)-being-stolen';
# passive 1 indicative angalarina an+(h>g)alar+ina 'prf.an-stem.galar-suffix.ina''(the-one-who/that-
# which)-be-usually-stolen' or '(the-one-who/that-which-is)-being-stolen';
nangalarina
# 'was stolen';
# passive 1 past tense indicative nangalarina n+an+(h>g)alar+ina 'past.tense.active-prf.an-stem.galar
# -suffix.ina';
hangalarina
# 'wille-be-stolen';
# passive 1 future
# tense indicative hangalarina h+an+(h>g)alar+ina 'future.tense.active-prf.an-stem.galar-suffix.ina';
angalarana
# '(a-portion-of-sth)-be-stolen' or 'the-manner/circumstances-in-which-sth)-be-stolen';
# passive 2 indicative angalarana an+(h>g)alar+ana 'prf.an-stem.galar-suffix.ana''(a-portion-of-sth)-
# be-stolen' or 'the-manner/circumstances-in-which-sth)-be-stolen';
nangalarana
# 'was-used-to-steal';
# passive 2 past indicative nangalarana n+an+(h>g)alar+ana 'past.tense.active-prf.an.DURATIVE-halar
# -suffix.ana''(a-portion-of-sth)-was-stolen' or 'the-manner/circumstances-in-which-sth)-was-stolen';
hangalarana
# 'will-be-used-tosteal[';
# passive 2 future indicative hangalarana h+an+(h>g)alar+ana 'future.tense.active-prf.an.DURATIVE-
# galar-suffix.ana''(a-portion-of-sth)- will.be-stolen' or 'the-manner/circumstances-in-which-sth)
# -will.be-stolen';
fangalarana
# 'the (usual) action of stealing';
# fangalarana f+an+(h>g)alar+ana 'prf.f-prf.an-stem.halar-suffix.ana''the (usual) action of stealing';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
mpangalatra
# 'thief';
# mpangalatra mp+an+(h>g)alatra 'pref.mp-pref.an-root.halatra''thief';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
harona
# Root 'searching';
# Root harona 'searching';
mangarona
# 'to search with an instrument';
# transitive mangarona m+an+(h>g)arona 'to search with an instrument';
harony
# '(let-sth)-be-searched-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative harony stem.haron+y 'haron-by.you''(let-sth)-be-searched-by.you';
haronina
# '(that-which)-be-usually-searched' or 'that-which-is)-being-searched';
# passive 1 indicative haronina haron+ina 'stem.haron-suffix.ina''(that-which)-be-usually-
# searched' or 'that-which-is)-being-searched';
angarony
# '(let-sth)-be-used-by.you-to-search';
# passive 2 imperative angarony an+(h>g)aron+y > an+stem.garon+y 'prefix.an-
# garon-by.you''(let-sth)-be-used-by.you-to-search';
angaronana
# '(that-which)-be-usually-used-to-search' or '(that-which-is)-being-used-to-search';
# passive 2 indicative angaronana an+(h>g)aron+ana > an+garon+ana 'prf.an-stem.garon-suffix.ana'
# '(that-which)-be-usually-used-to-search' or '(that-which-is)-being-used-to-search';
voaharona
# '(which)-bas-been-successfully-searched';
# Root harona 'searching'; voaharona voa+root.harona 'transitive.perfective-harona''(which)-
# bas-been-successfully-searched';
fangaronana
# 'the (usual) action of searching, probing';
# fangaronana f+an+(h>g)aron+ana 'prf.f-prf.an-stem.haron-suffix.ana''the action of searching, probing';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
mpangarona
# 'the individual who does the probing'(with a negative connotation);
# mpangarona mp+an+(h>g)arona .pref.mp-pref.an-root.harona''the individual who does the probing';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
hataka
# Root 'request'
# Root hataka 'request';
mangataka
# 'to request';
# transitive mangataka m+an+root.(h>g)ataka 'to request';
angataho
# '(let-sth)-be-requested-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative angataho an+(h>g)atah+o 'prf.an-stem.gatah-by.you''(let-sth)
# -be-requested-by.you';
angatahina
# '(that-which)-be-usually-requested' or'(that-which-is)-being-requested';
# passive 1 indicative angatahina an+(h>g)atah+ina 'prf.an-stem.gatah-suffix.ina'
# '(that-which)-be-usually-requested' or '(that-which-is)-being-requested';
angataho
# '(let-sth)-be-requested-by.you';
# passive 2 imperative angataho an+(h>g)atah+o 'prf.an-stem.gatah-o''(let-sth)-be
# -requested-by.you';
angatahana
# '(the-manner/circumstances-in-which-sth)-be-usually-requested' or (the-
# manner/circumstances-in-which-sth-is)-being-requested';
# passive 2 indicative angatahana an+(h>g)atah+ana 'prf.ana-stem.gatah-suffix.ana'
# '(the-manner/circumstances
# -in-which-sth)-be-usually-requested' or (the-manner/circumstances-in-which
# -sth-is)-being-requested';
fangatahana
# 'request';
# fangatahana f+an+(h>g)atah+ana 'nominaliser.f-prf.an-stem.gatah-suffix.ana''request';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
mpangataka
# 'beggar';
# mpangataka mp+an+(h>g)ataka 'pref.mp-pref.an-stem.gataka''beggar';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
hemotra
# Root 'retreat';
# Root hemotra 'retreat';
manemotra
# 'to put off';
# transitive manemotra m+an+root.(h)emotra 'to put off';
hemory
# '(let-sth)-be-put-off-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative hemory hemor+y 'stem.hemor-by.you''(let-sth)-be-put-off-by.you';
hemorina
# '(date-sth)-be-usually-put-off' or '(date-sth-is)-being-put-off';
# passive 1 indicative hemorina hemor+ina 'stem.hemor-suffix.ina''(date)-be-usually-put-off'
# '(date-sth-is)-being-put-off'; or
ahemory
# '(let-sth)-be-put-off';
# alternative passive 1 imperative ahemory a+hemor+y 'a.passive-stem.hemor-by.you'
# 'take-initial-step-to-put-off';
ahemotra
# '(date-sth)-be-usually-put-off' or '(date-sth-is)-being-put-off';
# alternative passive 1 indicative ahemotra a+hemotra'a.passive-root.hemotra''(date)-be-
# usually-put-off' or '(date-sth-is)-being-put-off';
anemory
# '(let-sth)-be-used-to-put-off';
# passive 2 imperative anemory an+(h)emor+y 'prf.an-stem.hemor-by.you' '(let-sth)-be-used-to-put-off';
anemorana
# '(sth)-be-usually-used-to-put-off' or '(sth-is)-being-used-to-put-off';
# passive 2 indicative anemorana an+(h)emor+ana 'prf.an-stem.hemor-suffix.ana'(sth)-be-
# usually-used-to-put-off' or '(sth-is)-being-used-to-put-off'.
mihemotra
# 'to retreat';
# Root hemotra 'retreat'; intransitive mihemotra m+i+hemotra 'pres-prf.i-root.hemotra'
# 'to retreat';
fihemorana
# 'the action of stepping backwards';
# fihemorana f+i+hemor+ana 'nominaliser.f-prf.i-stem.hemor-suffix.ana''the action of
# stepping backwards';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix I and the stem form;
fanemorana
# 'the action of putting something off';
# fanemorana f+an+(h)emor+ana 'nominaliser.f-prf.an-stem.hemor-suffix.ana''the action
# of putting off';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
henjana
# Adj 'stretched'
# Root henjana 'stretched';
manenjana
# 'to stretch';
# transitive manenjana m+an+root.(h)enjana 'to stretch';
henjano
# '(let-sth)-be-stretched-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative henjano henjan+o 'stem.henjan-by.you''(let-sth)-be-stretched-by.you';
henjanina
# '(that-which)-be-usually-stretched' or '(that-which-is)-being-stretched';
# passive 1 indicative henjanina henjan+ina 'stem.henjan-suffix.ina''(that-which)-be-usually
# -stretched' or '(that-which-is)-being-stretched';
nohenjanina
# 'was-stretched';
# alternative passive 1 indicative nohenjanina no+henjan+ina
# 'past.passive.nonDURATIVE-stem.henjan-suffix.ina''was-stretched';
ahenjano
# '(let-sth)-be-stretched-by-you-at-least-the-initial-step';
# alternative passive 1 imperative ahenjano a+henjan+o 'a.passive-stem.henjan-by.you'
# '(let-sth)-be-stretched-by-you-at-least-the-initial-step';
ahenjana
# '(that-which)-be-usually-stretched-at-least-the-initial-step'
# or '(that-which-is)-being-stretched-at-least-the-initial-step';
# alternative passive 1 indicative ahenjana a+henjana
#'a.passive-root.henjana''(that-which)-be-usually-stretched-at-least-the-initial-step'
# or '(that-which-is)-being-stretched-at-least-the-initial-step';
anenjano
# '(let-sth/instrument)-be-used-by.you-to-stretch';
# passive 2 imperative anenjano an+(h)enjan+o 'prf.an-stem.(h)enjan-by.you'
# '(let-sth/instrument)-be-used-by.you-to-stretch';
anenjanana
# '(that-which/instrument)-be-usually-used-to-stretch';
# passive 2 indicative anenjanana an+(h)enjan+ana 'prf.an-stem.(h)enjan-suffix.ana'
# '(that-which/instrument)-be-usually-used-to-stretch';
nanenjanana
# '(that-which/instrument)-was-used-to-stretch';
# alternative passive 2 indicative past tense nanenjanana n+an+stem.(h)enjan+ana
# 'past.active.voice-prf.an-stem.(h)enjan-suffix.ana'
# '(that-which/instrument)-was-used-to-stretch';
mihenjana
# 'to stretch';
# Root henjana 'stretched'; intransitive mihenjana m+i+henjana 'pres-prf.i-root.henjana'
# 'to stretch';
voahenjana
# '(which-has-been)-successfully-stretched';
# voahenjana voa+henjana 'transitive.perfective-root.henjana''(which-has-been)-
# successfully-stretched';
fihenjanana
# 'the action of getting harsher, harder';
# fihenjanana f+i+henjan+ana 'nominaliser.f-prf.i-stem.henjan-suffix.ana'
# 'the action of getting harsher';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix I and the stem form;
fanenjanana
# 'the action of stretching';
# fanenjanana f+an+(h)enjan+ana 'nominaliser.f-prf.an-stem.henjan-suffix.ana''to stretch';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
hetsika
# N 'action';
# Root hetsika 'action';
manetsika
# 'to move (sth)';
# transitive manetsika m+an+root.(h)etsika 'to move (sth)';
hetseho
# '(let-sth)-be-moved-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative hetseho hets(i>e)(k>h)+o 'stem.hetseh-by.you''(let-sth)-be-moved-by.you';
hetsehina
# '(sth)-be-usually-moved' or '(sth-is)-being-moved';
# passive 1 indicative hetsehina hetseh+ina 'stem.hetseh+suffix.ina''(sth)-be-usually-moved' or
# '(sth-is)-being-moved';
nohetsehina
# 'was-deliberately & punctually (but thoroughly)-moved';
# past tense passive indicative nohetsehina no+hetseh+ina 'past.passive-stem.hetseh-suffix.ina'
# 'was-deliberately-moved & was thoroughly affected';
hohetsehina
# 'will.be-deliberately-moved';
# future tense passive indicative hohetsehina ho+hetseh+ina 'future.passive-stem.hetseh
# -suffix.ina''will.be-deliberately-moved';
anetseho
# '(let-sth/INSTRUMENT)-be-used-by.you-to-move';
# passive 2 imperative anetseho an+(h)etseh+o 'prf.an-stem.(h)etseh-by.you''(let-sth)-be-used
# -by.you-to-move';
anetsehana
# '(the-instrument)-be-used-to-move';
# passive 2 indicative anetsehana an+(h)etseh+ana 'prf.an-stem.(h)etseh-suffix.ana''(the-instrument)
# -be-used-to-move';
nanetsehana
# '(the-instrument)-was-used-to-move';
# past tense indicative nanetsehana n+an+(h)etseh+ana 'past.active-prf.an-stem.(h)etseh-suffix.ana'
# '(the-instrument)-was-used-to-move';
hanetsehana
# '(the-instrument)-will.be-used-to-move';
# future tense indicative hanetsehana h+an+(h)etseh+ana 'future.active-prf.an-stem.(h)etseh-suffix.ana'
# '(the-instrument)-will.be-used-to-move';
mihetsika
# 'to move';
# Root hetsika 'action'; intrans mihetsika m+i+root.hetsika 'to move';
ahetsika
# '(that-which-is)-usually/habitually-moved-at-least-the-initial-step';
# passive 1 indicative ahetsika a+hetsika 'prf.a.passive-root.hetsika''(that-which-is)-usually/
# habitually-moved';
nahetsika
# 'was-moved';
# past tense indicative nahetsika n+a+hetsika 'past.active-prf.a-root.hetsika''was-moved';
hahetsika
# 'will.be-moved';
# future tense indicative hahetsika h+a+hetsika 'future.active-prf.a-root.hetsika''will.be-moved';
ihetseho
# (let-sth)-be.used-by.you-to-move';
# passive 2 imperative ihetseho i+hetseh+o 'prf.i-stem.hetseh-by.you'(let-sth)-be.used- by.you-to-move';
ihetsehana
# '(the-circumstances-under-which-sth)-be-used-to-move';
# passive 2 indicative ihetsehana i+hetseh+ana 'prf.i-stem.hetseh-suffix.ana''(the-circumstances-
# under-which-sth)-be-used-to-move';
nihetsehana
# '(the-circumstances-under-which-sth)-was-used-to-move';
# past tense indicative nihetsehana n+i+hetseh+ana 'past.active-prf.i-stem.hetseh-suffix.ana'
# '(the-circumstances-under-which-sth)-was-used-to-move';
hihetsehana
# '(the-circumstances-under-which-sth)-will.be-used-to-move';
# future tense indicative hihetsehana h+i+hetseh+ana
# 'future.active-prf.i-stem.hetseh-suffix.ana''(the-circumstances-under-which-sth)-will.be-used-to-move';
mahahetsika
# '(be)-capable-of-moving';
# Root hetsika 'action'; mahahetsika m+aha+root.hetsika 'pres-prf.aha-hetsika''(be)-capable-of-moving';
voahetsika
# 'was-managed-to-be-moved' or 'was-inadvertently/accidentally-moved';
# voahetsika voa+hetsika 'transitive.perfective-root.hetsika''was-managed-to-be-moved' or
# 'was-inadvertently/accidentally-moved';
tafahetsika
# 'was-able-to-move-on-its-own';
# tafahetsika tafa+hetsika 'intransitive.perfective-root.hetsika'''was-able-to-move-on-its-own';
fihetsika
# '(habitual) action';
# fihetsika f+i+hetsika 'prf.f-prf.i-root.hetsika''(habitual) action';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Stative Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form and the prefix I;
fanetsehana
# 'the action of stirring up, of moving';
# fanetsehana f+an+(he)tseh+ana 'prf.f-prf.an-stem.hetseh-suffix.ana''the action of stirring up';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
hety
# N 'scissors';
# Root hety 'scissors';
manety
# 'to cut with scissors';
# transitive manety m+an+root.(h)ety 'to cut with scissors';
hetezo
# '(let.s.one/sth)-be-given-a-haircut-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative hetezo het(i>e)+z+o 'stem.hetez-by.you''(let.s.one/sth)-be-given
# -a-haircut-by.you';
hetezana
# '(s.one/sth)-be-usually-given-a-haircut' or '(s.one/sth-is)-being-given-a-haircut';
# passive 1 indicative hetezana het(i>e)+z+ana 'stem.hetez-suffix.ana''(s.one/sth)-
# be-usually-given-a-haircut' or '(s.one/sth-is)-being-given-a-haircut';
nohetezana
# '(s.one/sth)-was-given-a-haircut';
# alternative passive 1 indicative nohetezana no+het(i>e)+z+ana 'past.passive-stem.hetez
# -suffix.ana'(s.one/sth)-was-given-a-haircut';
anetezo
# '(let-a-portion-of-sth)-be-cut-with scissors';
# passive 2 imperative anetezo an+(h)et(i>e)+z+o 'prf.an-stem.hetez-by.you'
# '(let-a-portion-of-sth)-be-cut-with scissors';
anetezana
# '(that-which)-be-usually-partly-cut-with-scissors' or '(that-which-is)-being-
# cut-with-scissors'; passive 2 indicative anetezana an+(h)et(i>e)+z+ana 'prf.an-stem.hetez
# -suffix.ana''(that-which)-be-usually-partly-cut-with-scissors' or
# '(that-which-is)-being-cut-with-scissors';
mihety
# 'to (usually) have a haircut';
# Root hety 'scissors'; intrans mihety m+i+hety 'pres-prf.i-root.hety''to (usually) have a haircut';
voahety
# '(sth)-has-been-successfully-cut-with-scissors';
# voahety voa+hety 'transitive.perfective-root.hety''(sth)-has-been-successfully-cut-with-
# scissors';
fihetezana
# 'the manner or usual place of getting a haircut';
# fihetezana f+i+hetez+ana 'prf.f-prf.i-stem.hetez-suffix.ana'
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix I and the stem form;
fanetezana
# 'the action of giving a haircut';
# fanetezana f+an+(h)etez+ana 'prf.f-prf.an-stem.hetez-suffix.ana''the action of giving a haircut';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
mpanety
# 'hair-cutter';
# mpanety mp+an+(h)ety 'pref.mp-pref.an-root.hety''hair-cutter';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
hidy
# N 'lock';
# Rood hidy 'lock';
manidy
# 'to lock up';
# transitive manidy m+an+root.(h)idy 'to lock up';
hidio
# '(let-sth)-be-locked-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative hidio stem.hidi+o 'hidi-by.you''(let-sth)-be-locked-by.you';
hidiana
# '(that-which)-be-usually-locked-up' or '(that-which-is)-being-locked-up';
# passive 1 indicative hidiana = pronounce as hi.di.na 'hidi+ina''stem.hidi-suffix.ina'
# '(that-which)-be-usually-locked-up' or '(that-which-is)-being-locked-up';
anidio
# '(let-instrument)-be-used-by.you-to-lock-up';
# passive 2 imperative anidio an+(h)idi+o 'prf.an-stem.hidi-by.you''(let-instrument)-be
# -used-by.you-to-lock-up';
anidiana
# '(the-instrument/circumstances-under-which)-be-locked-up';
# passive 2 indicative anidiana an+(h)idi+ana 'prf.an-stem.hidi-suffix.ana''(the-instrument/
# circumstances-under-which)-be-locked-up';
fanidiana
# 'the action of locking up';
# fanidiana f+an+(h)di+ana 'nominaliser.f-prf.an-stem.hidi-suffix.ana''the action of locking up';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
mpanidy
# 'someone who (usually) closes (doors and windows)';
# mpanidy mp+an+(h)idy 'pref.mp-pref.an-root.hidy''someone who (usually) closes doors and windows';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
hintsana
# Root 'shaking';
# Root hintsana 'shaking';
manintsana
# 'to shake off';
# transitive manintsana m+an+root.(h)intsana 'to shake off';
mihintsana
# intransitive mihintsana m+i+root.hintsana 'to fall off';
ahintsano
# '(let-sth)-be-shaken-off-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative ahintsano a+hintsan+o 'a.passive-stem.hintsan-by.you'(let-sth)-be-shaken-off-by.you';
ahintsana
# '(that-which) be-usually-shaken-off' or '(that-which-is)-being-shaken-off';
# passive 1 indicative ahintsana a+root.hintsana > ahintsana '(that-which) be-usually-shaken-off' or
# '(that-which-is)-being-shaken-off';
anintsano
# '(let-a-portion-of-sth)-be-shaken-off' or '(let-sth/instrument)-be-used-by.you-to-shake-off';
# passive 2 imperative anintsano an+stem.(h)intsan+o '(let-a-portion-of-sth)-be-shaken-off' or
# '(let-sth/instrument)-be-used-by.you-to-shake-off';
anintsanana
# '(sth/instrument)-be-used-to-shake-off' or '(let-a-portion-of-sth)-be-shaken-off';
# passive 2 indicative anintsanana an+(h)intsan+ana 'prf.an-stem.hintsan-suffix.ana''(sth/
# instrument)-be-used-to-shake-off' or '(let-a-portion-of-sth)-be-shaken-off';
fanintsanana
# 'the action of shaking up';
# fanintsanana f+an+(h)intsan+ana 'prf.f-prf.an-stem.hintsan+suffix.ana''the action of shaking up';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
hitsaka
# Root 'treading upon';
# Root hitsaka 'treading upon';
manitsaka
# 'to tread upon';
# transitive manitsaka m+an+root.(h)itsaka 'pres-pref.an-root.hitsaka''to tread upon';
hitsaho
# '(let-s.one/sth)-be-tread-upon-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative hitsaho stem.hitsah+o 'hitsa(k>h)-by.you''(let-s.one/sth)-be-tread-upon-by.you';
hitsahina
# '(the-one-who/that-which)-be-usually-trodden-upon' or'(the-one-who/that-which-is)-being
# -trodden-upon'; passive 1 indicative hitsahina hitsah+ina 'stem.hitsah+suffix.ina''(the-one-who/
# that-which)-be-usually-trodden-upon' or '(the-one-who/that-which-is)-being-trodden-upon';
nitsahana
# '(the-one-who/that-which)-was-trodden-upon';
# passive 1 past tense indicative nitsahana no+(h)itsah+ana 'past.passive-stem.(h)itsah-suffix.ana'
# '(the-one-who/that-which)-was-trodden-upon';
hitsahana
# '(the-one-who/that-which)-will.be-trodden-upon';
# passive 1 future tense indicative hitsahana ho+(h)itsah+ana 'future.passive-stem.(h)itsah-suffix.ana'
#'(the-one-who/that-which)-will.be-trodden-upon';
anitsaho
# '(let-sth)-be-used-by.you-to-tread-upon';
# passive 2 imperative anitsaho an+(h)itsah+o prf.an-stem.(h)itsah-by.you''(let-sth)-be-used-by.you-
# to-tread-upon';
anitsahana
# '(that-which)-be-used-to-tread-upon';
# passive 2 indicative anitsahana an+(h)itsah+ana 'prf.an-stem.(h)itsah-suffix.ana''(that-which)-be
# -used-to-tread-upon';
ahitsaka
# '(be)-hidden'[innovation];
# alternative passive 1 indicative ahitsaka a+hitsaka 'a.passive-root.hitsaka''(be)-hidden'[innovation];
voahitsaka
# '(who/which)-has-been-successfully/accidentally-trodden-upon'.
# Root hitsaka 'treading upon'; voahitsaka voa+hitsaka 'trans.perfective-root.hitsaka''(who/which)-
# has-been-successfully/accidentally-trodden-upon';
fanitsahana
# 'the action of treading';
# fanitsahana f+an+(h)itsah+ana 'prf.f-prf.an-stem.hitsah-suffix.ana''action of treading';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
mpanitsaka
# 'someone who (usually) treads upon';
# mpanitsaka mp+an+(h)itsaka 'pref.mp-pref.an-root.hitsaka''someone who (usually) treads upon';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
hoatra
# Root 'that-which-surpasses';
manoatra
# 'to surpass, to exceed';
# Root hoatra 'that-which-surpasses'; transitive manoatra m+an+(h)oatra 'to surpass, to exceed';
mihoatra
# 'to exceed';
# intransitive mihoatra m+i+hoatra 'pres-prf.i-root.hoatra''to exceed';
ihoaro
ihoary
# '(let-s.one/sth)-be-surpassed-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative ihoaro i+hoa(tr>r)+o or ihoary i+hoa(tr>r)+y 'prf.i-stem.hoar-by.you''(let-s.one/sth)
# -be-surpassed-by.you';
ihoarana
# '(s.one/sth)-be-surpassed';
# passive 1 indicative ihoarana i+hoa(tr>r)+ana 'prefix.i-stem.hoar-suffix.ana' '(sth)-be-made-to surpass';
fihoarana
# 'the action of surpassing';
# fihoarana f+i+hoar+ana 'nominaliser.f-prefix.i-stem.hoar-suffix.ana''the action of surpassing';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix I and the stem form;
hodina
# Root 'turn around';
# Root hodina 'turn around';
manodina
# 'to turn sth around';
# transitive manodina m+an+root.(h)odina 'to turn sth around';
mihodina
# intransitive mihodina m+i+hodina 'pres-pref.i-root.hodina''to turn round';
ahodino
# '(let-sth)-be-turned-around-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative ahodino a+hodin+o 'a.passive-stem.hodin-by.you''(let-sth)
# -be-turned-around-by.you';
ahodina
# '(that-which)-be-usually-turned-around' or '(that-which-is)-being-turned-around';
# passive 1 indicative ahodina a+hodina 'prf.a-root.hodina''(that-which)-be-usually-turned
# -around' or'(that-which-is)-being-turned-around';
anodino
# '(let-sth/instrument)-be-used-by.you-to-turn-around';
# passive 2 imperative anodino an+(h)odin+o 'prf.an-stem.hodin-by.you''(let-sth/instrument)
# -be-used-by.you-to-turn-around';
anodinana
# '(sth/instrument)-be-used-to-turn-sth-around';
# passive 2 indicative anodinana an+(h)odin+ana 'prf.ana-stem.hodin-suffix.ana''(sth/
# instrument)-be-used-to-turn-around';
voahodina
# '(which)-has-been-successfully-turned-around';
# Root hodina 'turn around'; voahodina voa+hodina 'transitive.perfective-root.hodina''(which)-
# has-been-successfully-turned-around';
tafahodina
# '(who/which)-has-successfully/inadvertently-turned-around-on-its-own';
# tafahodina tafa+hodina 'intransitive.perfective-root.hodina''(who/which)-has-successfully
# -turned-around-on-its-own';
fanodinana
# 'the (habitual) action of turning sth around';
# fanodinana f+an+(h)odin+ana 'nominaliser.f-prefix.an-stem.hodin-suffix.ana''the action of
# turning sth around';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
hodidina
# Root 'tour, contour, surrounding';
# Root hodidina 'tour, contour, surrounding';
manodidina
# 'to surround';
# transitive manodidina m+an+(h)odidina 'pres-pref.an-root.hodidina''to surround';
mihodidina
# 'to be surrounded';
# intransitive mihodidina m+i+hodidina 'pres-pref.i-root.hodidina'to be surrounded';
hodidino
# '(let-sone/sth)-be surrounded-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative hodidino stem.hodidin+o '(let-s.one/sth)-be surrounded-by.you';
hodidinina
# '(who/which-is)-surrounded';
# hodidinina hodidin+ina 'stem.hodidin+suffix.ina''(who/which-is)-surrounded';
ahodidina
# '(that-which-is)-used-to-surround';
# alternative passive 1 ahodidina a.passive+root.hodidina '(that-which-is)-used-to-surround';
voadidina
# '(has-been-successfully)-surrounded';
# voadidina voa+(h)odidina 'transitive.perfective-root.hodidina''(has-been-successfully)-surrounded';
# voa+(h)odidina > vo.o.di.di.na > vo.di.di.na where voa = /vo/ after h-drop and simplification of
# vo+o to vo.;
fihodidinana
# 'the action of going around';
# fihodidina f+i+hodidin+na 'nominaliser.f-prefix.i-stem.hodidin-suff.ana''the action of going around';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix I and the stem form;
hofa
# N 'rent';
# Root hofa 'rent';
manofa
# 'to rent sth';
# transitive manofa m+an+(h)ofa 'pres-pref.an-root.hofa''to rent sth';
mampanofa
# 'to rent sth out';
# mampanofa m+amp+an+(h)ofa 'pres-causative.prefix.amp-prefix.an-root.hofa''to rent sth out';
mihofa
# '(to-be-usually)-rented';
# intransitive mihofa m+i+hofa 'pres-pref.i-root.hofa''(to-be-usually)-rented';
hofay
hofao
# '(let-sth)-be-rented-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative hofay hofa+y or hofao stem.hofa+o '(let-sth)-be-rented-by.you';
hofaina
hofana
# '(that-which-is)-usually-rented' or '(that-which-is)-being-rented';
# passive 1 indicative hofaina hofa+ina 'stem.hofa-suffix.ina' or hofana hofa+ana 'stem.hofa+suffix.ana'
# (that-which-is)-usually-rented' or '(that-which-is)-being-rented';
nohofaina
nohofana
# '(that-which)-was-deliberately & punctually-rented';
# passive 1 indicative nohofaina no+hofa+ina 'passive.past-stem.hofa-suffix.ina' or nohofana
# no+hofa+ana 'passive.past-hofa+suffix.ana''(that-which)-was-rented';
ahofao
# (let-sth)-be-rented.out-by.you';
# alternative passive 1 imperative ahofao a+hofa+o 'a.passive-stem.hofa-by.you''(let-sth)-be-rented.out-by.you';
ahofa
# '(that-which-is)-usually-rented.out' or '(that-which-is-being-rented.out';
# alternative passive 1 indicative ahofa a+hofa 'a.passive-root.hofa''(that-which-is)-usually-rented.out'
# or '(that-which-is-being-rented.out';
anofao
anofay
# '(let-sth/INSTRUMENT/CIRCUMSTANCES)-be-used.by.you-to-rent';
# passive 2 imperative anofao an+(h)ofa+o 'prf.an-stem.hofa-by.you' or anofay an+(h)ofa+y 'prf.an-stem.hofa-by.you'
# '(let-sth/INSTRUMENT/CIRCUMSTANCES)-be-used.by.you-to-rent';
anofana
# '(the-circumstances)-usually.used-to-rent';
# passive 2 indicative anofao an+(h)ofa+ana 'prf.an-stem.hofa-suffix.ana'
# an+(h)ofa+ana 'prf.an-stem.hofa-suffix.ana''(let-sth/the-circumstances)-usually.used-to-rent';
voahofa
# '(has-been)-successfully-rented';
# voahofa voa+hofa 'transitive.perfective-root.hofa''(has-been)-successfully-rented';
fanofana
# 'the (usual) action of renting sth';
# fanofana f+an+(h)ofa+ana 'nominalizer.f-pref.an-stem.hofa-suffix.ana' 'the (usual) action of renting sth';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
mpanofa
# 'renter';
# mpanofa mp+an+(h)ofa 'prefix.mp-pref.an-root.hofa''renter';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
mpampanofa
# 'one who (usually) rents sth out';
# mpampanofa mp+an+(h)ofa 'prefix.mp-prefix.an-root.hofa''one who (usually) rents sth out';
hosotra
# N 'anointment';
# Root hosotra 'anointment';
manosotra
# 'to anoint';
# transitive manosotra m+an+root.(h)osotra 'to anoint';
mihosotra
# '(to-be)-anointed/covered-with';
# intransitive mihosotra m+i+hosotra 'pres-pref.i-root.hosotra''(to-be)-anointed/covered-with';
hosory
# '(let-s.one/sth/PATIENT)-be-anointed-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative hosory hosor+y 'stem.hosor-by.you''(let-s.one/sth/PATIENT)-be-anointed-by.you';
hosorana
# '(s.one/sth/PATIENT)-usually-be-anointed' or '(s.one/sth/PATIENT-is)-being-anointed';
# passive 1 indicative hosorana hosor+ana 'stem.hosor-suffix.ana''(s.one/sth/PATIENT)-usually-be-anointed'
# or '(s.one/sth/PATIENT-is)-being-anointed';
ahosotra
# 'a.passive-hosotra''(that-which)-is-usually-rubbed-with, i.e. SOME LIQUID/OIL,...' or
# '(INGREDIENT/that-which-is)-being-rubbed-with';
# alternative passive 1 indicative ahosotra a+hosotra 'a.passive-root.hosotra''(that-which)-
# is-usually-rubbed-with, i.e. SOME LIQUID/OIL,...' or '(that-which-is)-being-rubbed-with';
anosory
# passive 2 imperative anosory an+(h)osor+y 'prf.an-stem.hosor-by.you''(let-sth/INSTRUMENT)-
# be-actively-used-by.you-to-anoint';
anosorana
# passive 2 indicative anosorana an+(h)sor+ana 'prf.an-stem.hosor-suffix.ana'
# '(sth/instrument/circumstance)-be-used-to-anoint';
ihosory
# '(let-LOCATION)-be-anointed-by.you';
# alternative passive 2 imperative ihosory i+hosor+y 'prf.i-stem.hosor-by.you''(let-LOCATION)-be-anointed-by.you';
ihosorana
# '(LOCATION)-be-rubbed-with';
# passive 2 indicative ihosorana i+hosor+ana 'prf.i-stem.hosor-suffix.ana''(LOCATION)-be-rubbed-with';
Nohosoran'i Jeanne menaka ny tongony.
# No- hosor-an' i Jeanne menaka ny tongo-(tra)/ny.
# past.passive-hosor-suffix.ana.by D.sg Jeanne oil Det.unspec foot/feet-of-hers
# 'Jeanne rubbed her foot/feet with oil'.
Nahosotr'i Jeanne ny tongony ilay menaka.
# N- a- hosotr' i Jeanne ny tongo-(tra)/ny ilay menaka.
# past.active-prf.a.passive-hosotra-by D.sg Jeanne Det.unspec foot/feet-of-hers DX.sg oil
# 'Jeanne rubbed the (previously mentioned) oil on her feet'.
Nanosoran'i Jeanne menaka ny tongony ilay fitaovana.
# N-an-(h)osor-an'i Jeanne menaka ny tongo-(tra)/ny ilay fitaovana.
# 'Jeanne used the (previous mention) instrument to rub oil on her feet'.
voahosotra
# '(who/which)-has-been-successfully-rubbed-with";
# Root hosotra 'anointment'; voohositra voa+hositra 'transitive.perfective-root.hositra''(which)-has-been-
# successfully-rubbed-with";
fihosorana
# 'the action of getting anointed';
# fihosorana f+i+hosor+ana 'nominalizer.f-prf.i-stem.hosor-suffix.ana''the action of getting anointed';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix I and the stem form;
fanosorana
# 'the action of anointing';
# fanosorana f+an+(h)sor+ana 'nominalizer.f-prf.an-stem.hosor-suffix.ana''the action of anointing';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
mpanosotra
# 'someone who (usually) anoints';
# mpanosotra mp+an+(h)osotra 'prefix.mp-prefix.an-root.hosotra''someone who anoints';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'AGENT MP nominalizer' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the root form;
hosy
# Root 'trampling'
# Root hosy 'trampling';
manosy
# 'to trample';
# transitive manosy m+an+root.(h)osy 'pres-prf.an-hosy''to trample';
mihosy
# '(to-be-covered)-with-dirt-(from-trampling)';
# intransitive mihosy m+i+hosy 'pres-prf.i-root.hosy''(to-be-covered)-with-dirt-(from-trampling)';
hoseo
# '(let-s.one/sth)-be-trampled-by.you';
# passive 1 imperative hoseo hose+o 'stem.hose-by.you''(let-s.one/sth)-be-trampled-by.you';
hosena
# '(the-one/that-which-is)-usually-trampled' or '(the-one/that-which-is)-being-trampled';
# passive 1 indicative hosena hose+ina 'stem.hose-suffix.ina''(the-one/that-which-is)-usually-trampled'
# or '(the-one/that-which-is)-being-trampled';
anoseo
# '(let-sth/INSTRUMENT)-be-used-by.you-to-trample';
# passive 2 imperative anoseo an+(h)ose+o 'prf.an-stem.hose+by.you''(let-sth)-be-used-by.you-to-trample';
anosena
# '(sth/INSTRUMENT)-used-to-trample';
# passive 2 indicative anosena an+(h)ose+ana 'prf.an-stem.hose-suffix.ana''(sth/INSTRUMENT)-used-to-trample';
voahosy
# '(the-one/that-which)-has-been-successfully-trampled';
# Root hosy 'trampling'; voahosy voa+hosy 'transitive.perfective-root.hosy''(the-one/that-which)-has-been-
# successfully-trampled';
fanosena
# 'the action of trampling on s.one/sth';
# fanosena f+an+(h)ose+ana 'nominalized.f-pref.an-stem.hose-suff.ana''the action of trampling on s.one/sth';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
fihosena
# 'the action of trampling in mud';
# fihosena f+i+hose+ana 'nominalizer.f-prefix.i-stem.hose-suffix.ana''the action of trampling in mud';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix I and the stem form;
hovitra
# N 'shake';
# Root hovitra 'shake';
mangovitra
# 'to shake, to tremble';
# intransitive mangovitra m+an+root.(h>g)ovitra 'to shake, to tremble'; no passive 1 imperative;
# no passive 2 imperative.
Mangovitry ny hatsiaka aho.
# M- an- (h)ovitra/y ny hatsiaka aho.
# pres-prf.an-hovitra-by/because-of det.unspec cold I
# 'I shake because of the cold'.
hozohozo
# N 'weakness';
# Root hozohozo 'weakness';
mangozohozo
# 'to be weak (from illness or old age)';
# intransitive mangozohozo m+an+root.(h>g)ozohozo 'to be weak (from illness or old age)';
mihozohozo
# 'to be in a habitual state of being weak (from illness or old age)';
# intransitive mihozohozo m+i+root.hozohozo 'to be in a habitual state of being weak (from
# illness or old age)'; no passive 1 imperative; no passive 2 imperative;
fangozohozoana
# 'physical symptoms of weakness, debility';
# fangozohozoana f+an+(h>g)ozohozo+ana 'nominalizer.f-prefix.an-stem.hozohozo-suffix.ana''weakness, debility';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix AN and the stem form;
fihozohozoana
# 'the state of being weak, debility';
# fihozohozoana f+i+hozohozo+ana 'nominalizer.f-prefix.i-stem.hozohozo-suffix.ana''weakness, debility';
# this form corresponds to what will be labelled 'Action Nominalization' in the
# on-line document 'Nominals in Malagasy'; note the prefix I and the stem form;