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lecture18

Course: PSYCH 207, Fall 2009
School: W. Alabama
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and Reading Language March 24 Outline Stroop demonstration Components Sounds (phonology and morphology) Syntax Semantics Dyslexia The Stroop Effect Stroop (1935) Used cards with 100 stimuli Timed participants/card Demonstration 1 The Stroop Effect Stroop (1935) Used cards with 100 stimuli Timed participants/ card Found participants where slower when the colour and word were incongruent (compared...

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and Reading Language March 24 Outline Stroop demonstration Components Sounds (phonology and morphology) Syntax Semantics Dyslexia The Stroop Effect Stroop (1935) Used cards with 100 stimuli Timed participants/card Demonstration 1 The Stroop Effect Stroop (1935) Used cards with 100 stimuli Timed participants/ card Found participants where slower when the colour and word were incongruent (compared to black colour words) Interference The Stroop Effect Semantics Sky vs. Barn Automaticity as an explanation A fail-safe demonstration of automaticity, in particular the automatic nature of accessing word meaning, involves the Stroop task Ashcroft, 1994, p. 72 Ballistic, effortless to process, processed involuntarily Stroop: The Myth of Automaticity Besner, Stolz, & Clay (1997) Eliminated the Stroop effect by colouring only a single letter. BLUE Why? 2 Stroop: The Myth of Automaticity Besner, Stolz, & Clay (1997) Eliminated the Stroop effect by colouring only a single letter. Narrow focus of attention It is NOT a reflex like blinking in response to a puff of air Outline Stroop demonstration Components Sounds (phonology and morphology) Syntax Semantics Dyslexia Components: sound Phonology Phoneme: smallest unit of sound we can make Morphology Morpheme: smallest unit of sound we can make that has meaning 3 Components: sound Components: sound Components: syntax Noun Phrase Verb Phrase 4 Components: semantics Explains: My dog is not an animal (contradiction) I need to go to the bank (ambiguity) The rabbit is not old enough is equivalent to the rabbit is too young (synonymy) The student failed the professor vs. The professor failed the student (not the same) Note the relation to syntax Components: semantics Neely (1976 and on) Faster when primed with semantically related word + Bread Slice Related Prime Word Trial + Desk Slice Unrelated prime Word Trial Semantics: Automatic Spreading Activation 5 Semantics: Word recognition Selfridges(1959) model (letter Pandemonium recognition) Semantics: Word recognition Object identification (e.g. pandemonium model) Remember the word superiority effect? Word feedback changes letter activation Semantic priming Semantic feedback changes word activation Letter recognition Word recognition Semantics Outline Stroop demonstration Components Sounds (phonology and morphology) Syntax Semantics Dyslexia 6 Dyslexia Impaired reading Acquired vs Developmental Many types: Surface dyslexia Phonological dyslexia Surface Dyslexia Trouble reading irregular words have VS cave shave Dave rave save Regularization errors Read irregular words using regular word rules Homophone confusion sea and see or red and read Slower over all reading Use Grapheme to Phoneme conversion rules Phonological Dyslexia Able to read words fine Unable to read nonwords brental Could be a word follow English language rules Read only items they have previously encountered 7 Our friend the Double Dissociation Patients with Surface dyslexia read phonetically Patients with phonological dyslexia cant read phonetically Multiple Routes vs Single Route Lexical Route (fast) Lexicon (Library) Input Phon...

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