HIP THE I. MAJOR BONES
* No
new bones, look at bone orientation
A. TIBIA B. FIBULA C. FEMUR D. PELVIS
II. BONY LANDMARKS
A. PELVIS 1. Ilium a. Iliac Crest b. Greater Sciatic Notch c. Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine d. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine e. Iliopubic Eminence : raised area at junction, iliopectineal eminence f. Iliac Fossa : posterior side g. Gluteal Lines (ant, sup, inf, post) 2. Ischium a. Ischial Spine : bottom of greater sciatic notch b. Ramus of Ischium c. Ischial Tuberosity : posterior rounded bottom 3. Pubis a. Pubic Crest: medial to tubercle, attachment site of rectus abdominis b. Pubic Tubercle
Hip - 1
c. Superior Ramus of Pubis d. Inferior Ramus of Pubis : fuses with ramus of ischium e. Iliopectineal eminence f. Symphysis : cartilage that fuses the 2 pubic bones together g. Pecten : ridge on posterior side 4. Acetabulum: junction of all 3 pelvic bones a. Acetabular Fossa b. Lunate Surface: half moon in acetabulum c. Obturator Foramen : large hole
B. FEMUR 1. Greater Trochanter 2. Lesser Trochanter 3. Head : 30 % smaller in females 4. Trochanteric fossa 5. Quadrate Tubercle : on intertrochanteric crest 6. Intertrochanteric Crest : posterior 7. Linear Aspera 8. Gluteal Tuberosity: up toward greater trochanter from linea aspera 9. Pectineal Line up from linea aspera toward lesser trochanter C. OTHER BONES related to muscle origins and insertions (covered in other labs) 1. Sacrum/coccyx a. Ala b. Foramina 2. Vertebrae a. Bodies b. Transverse Processes 3. Tibia
Hip - 2
a. PES area
b. III. JOINTS
A. HIP JOINT 1. CLASSIFICATION: diarthrodial, ball & socket 2. ARTICULATING SURFACES proximal: acetabulum (lined with fibrocartilage labrum to deepen socket & increase stability as well as protect bone edges, similar to meniscus in knees) distal: head of femur 3. MOVEMENTS a. Flexion (140 deg) /Extension (15 deg) 1. PLANE: sagittal 2. AXIS: medial/lateral b. Abduction (30 deg) /Adduction (25 deg) 1. PLANE: frontal 2. AXIS: anterior/posterior c. Internal (70 deg) / External (90 deg) Rotation 1. PLANE: horizontal/transverse 2. AXIS: longitudinal d. Horizontal Abduction / Adduction 1. PLANE: horizontal/transverse 2. AXIS: longitudinal
e. Circumduction
Hip - 3
1. PLANE: oblique 2. AXIS: oblique
IV. MUSCLES:
*Know origins, insertions, function, and one example of an activity it performs A. Rectus Femoris
Proximal: Reflected: Groove Above Rim Acetabulum Distal: Proximal Border Patella; Through Patellar Ligament to Tibial Tuberosity
Straight: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
B. Iliacus
Proximal: Superior 2/3 Iliac Fossa; Internal Lip Iliac Crest; Iliolumbar and Ventral Sacroiliac Ligaments; Ala Sacrum Distal: Lateral Side of Tendon Psoas Major; Distal to Lesser Trochanter
C. Psoas
Proximal: Ventral Surfaces Transverse Processes Lumbar Vertebrae; Sides of Bodies and Corresponding Intervertebral Discs of Last Thoracic and All Lumbar Vertebrae Distal: Lesser Trochanter Femur
D. Hamstrings 1. Semitendonosis
Proximal: Ischial Tuberosity; Proximal & Lateral to Proximal Attachment of Biceps Femoris & Semitendinosus Distal: Posteriomedial Aspect Medial Condyle Tibia
2. Semimembranosis
Proximal: Ischial Tuberosity Distal: Proximal Medial Body Tibia
3. Biceps Femoris
Proximal: Distal Sacrotuberous Ligament; Posterior Ischial Tuberosity Distal: Lateral Head Fibula; Lateral Condyle Tibia
E. Gluteus Maximus
Proximal: Posterior Gluteal Line Ilium; Portion Bone Superior and Posterior to Posterior Gluteal Line Ilium; Posterior Surface Lower Sacrum; Part Side of Coccyx Distal: Larger Proximal Portion and Superficial Fibers of Distal Portion of Muscle into Iliotibial Tract Fascia Lata; Deep Fibers of Distal Portion
Hip - 4
of Muscle into Gluteal Tuberosity Femur
F. Gluteus Minimus
Proximal: External Surface Ilium between Anterior and Inferior Gluteal Lines; Margin Greater Sciatic Notch Distal: Anterior Border greater Trochanter Femur
G. Gluteus Medius
Proximal: External Surface Ilium between Iliac Crest Distal: Oblique Ridge Lateral Surface Greater and Posterior Gluteal Line Dorsally; Anterior Gluteal Line Trochanter Femur Ventrally
H. Piriformis
Proximal: Pelvic Surface of Sacrum between 1,2,3, & 4 Sacral Foramina; Margin of Greater Sciatic Foramen; Pelvic Surface of Sarcotuberous Ligament Distal: Superior Border of Greater Trochanter of Femur
I. Gracilis
Proximal: Inferior 1/2 Symphysis Pubis; Medial Margin Inferior Ramus Pubic Bone Distal: Medial Tibia; Distal to Condyle, Proximal to Insertion Semitendinosus, Lateral to Insertion Sartorius
J. Adductor Magnus
Proximal: Inferior Pubic Ramus; Ischial Ramus; Ischial Tuberosity Distal: Medial to Gluteal Tuberosity; Middle Linea Aspera; Medial Supracondylar Line; Adductor Tubercle Medial Condyle Femur
K. Adductor Longus
Proximal: Anterior Surface Pubis at Junction Crest and Distal: Middle 1/3 Medial Lip Linea Aspera Symphysis
L. Adductor Brevis
Proximal: Outer Surface Inferior Pubic Ramus Distal: Distal 2/3 Pectineal Line; Proximal 1/2 Medial Lip Linea Aspera
M. Pectineus
Proximal: Surface Superior Ramus Pubis, Ventral to Pecten between Iliopectineal Eminence and Pubic Tubercle Distal: Pectineal Line Femur
Hip - 5
N. Sartorius
Proximal: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine; Superior 1/2 Notch Distal to Spine Distal: Proximal Medial Tibia Near Anterior Border
O. Tensor Fascia Lata
Proximal: Anterior External Lip Iliac Crest; Outer Surface Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Distal: Ilotibial Tract Fascia Lata at Junction Proximal and Middle 1/3 Thigh
V. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES
A. LIGAMENTS 1. Transverse Acetabular Ligament (A p. 297 #7) a. ATTACHMENTS: completes t...