Archy 105. Study-Guide for Mid-Term Exam The mid-term exam, next Tuesday, will be based on all of the <a href="/keyword/material-covered/" >material covered</a> so far in this course in lecture-class, in videos, in sections, in web-quizes, and in the assigned readings. Lecture-notes (which as you were told at the beginning of the Quarter - should not be seen as adequate alternatives to attending lectures) have been regularly posted on the course web-page, as has a list of the parts of Feder that you should have read by now and some other things you should have read. Next Monday s sections will be review sessions for the exam. To derive the most benefit from sections, you should go there already having given thought to the specific areas in which you would like help. The T.A.s are there to help you as much as they can <a href="/keyword/take-advantage/" >take advantage</a> of this. The mid-term exam will account for 24% of your overall grade on this course. It will consist of four short-essay questions of equal value (that is, each short essay will be worth 6% of your overall grade). The questions will be drawn from the following list. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------How do scientists reconstruct changes in climate during the Quaternary? The use and making of tools have been observed among chimpanzees in the wild. Discuss the very beginnings of tool-use and tool-making by our own ancestors in light of what we know about such behaviour among chimpanzees. What are the implications of this for the archaeological record? What is the importance of the discoveries at Laetoli in terms of our understanding of <a href="/keyword/human-evolution/" >human evolution</a> ? Describe how scholars use data from recent human foraging societies and from non-human primates to recreate the socio-economic lives of Homo erectus. The site of Sch ningen in Germany is dated to 400 ka. What was found there? (Be as specific as possible.) What do these finds tell us about hominin behavior at this time? Outline how archaeologists views of Neandertals have changed during the last century and a half. Relate this to changing socio-political trends throughout the same period. Compare the ways in which Neandertals and early modern Europeans adapted to the cold. What is the evidence that modern humans used artifacts to maintain large social networks? Why did modern humans maintain large social networks? Describe three improvements in the hunting equipment of Upper Paleolithic Europeans over that of Middle Paleolithic Europeans. Explain why each of them is an improvement . Describe the burials at Dolni Vestonice (<a href="/keyword/czech-republic/" >czech republic</a> , dating to 29-25 ka). How do they shed new light upon Upper Paleolithic ways of life? Define &quot;culture&quot; as used in this course. How does cultural evolution differ from biological evolution? Describe the type of house being built at Mezhirich (Ukraine) 20,000 years ago (Labelled drawings are strongly recommended, but should also be accompanied by words of explanation). How do the construction and design reflect environmental conditions at that time?