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Course: OCN 310, Fall 2009School: University of Hawaii -...
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Time Geologic Scale Early Earth History Proterozoic (Early Life) Banded Iron Formation 2.5 by to 545 my ago BANDED IRON FORMATIONS 2.2 1.6 by ago; no modern analogs 90% of our iron ore comes from Precambrian iron formations. Red layers jasper (silica) Black layers hematite (Fe2 O3) Formation of BIFs: One model BIFs Formed during unique period in Earth history: anoxic ocean basins with oxygenated...
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Time Geologic Scale
Early Earth History
Proterozoic (Early Life)
Banded Iron Formation
2.5 by to 545 my ago
BANDED IRON FORMATIONS 2.2 1.6 by ago; no modern analogs 90% of our iron ore comes from Precambrian iron formations.
Red layers jasper (silica) Black layers hematite (Fe2 O3)
Formation of BIFs: One model
BIFs
Formed during unique period in Earth history: anoxic ocean basins with oxygenated shallow shelves Slowed accumulation of O2 in atmosphere Formed during a Hot House
Proterozoic (Early Life)
2.5 by to 545 my ago Iron formations Eukaryotes emerged ~2 by ago single-celled algae first, then multi-celled aerobic and photosynthetic more efficient producers of O2, so O2 concentrations rose
Grypania Algal Colonies?
2.1 by ago
Metazoan Body Fossils
Earliest Animal Fossils All Soft Bodied Ediacaran Fauna
End of Proterozoic
CO2 down O2 up O3 stabilized 2nd Ice House began Multi-celled organisms
Similar to jellyfish
Unnamed organism
Metazoans softbodied and skeletal
Earths Early Environment
Hadean Archean Proterozoic
Geologic Time Scale
Geologic record is more abundant and better preserved in younger rocks, so time scale is subdivided into shorter increments. Many Period boundaries marked by major extinction events.
Phanerozoic Eon Visible Life
545 my ago to present Paleozoic Era Old Life 545-245 my ago Mesozoic Era Middle Life 245-65 my ago Cenozoic Era Recent Life 65 my ago to present
Phanerozoic World
Oceans and atmosphere much more like today Still, large variations in climate (Hot and Ice Houses, Glaciations) Large fluctuations in CO2 Large fluctuations in O2 Major evolutionary developments Major extinctions
Paleozoic Hot vs Ice Houses
Long time-scale changes in relative climate Tied to plate tectonic activity Rapid SFS enlarged ridge volume higher SL higher warmer CO2 Hot House Opposite for Ice House
Paleozoic Highlights
Cambrian Evolutionary explosion First shelled invertebrates
Trilobites
Paleozoic Highlights
Carboniferous Age of Amphibians Amniote egg evolved (reptiles) Land plants proliferated Swamps, coal fm., inc. in O2 Permian Reptiles expanded Entered 3rd Ice House; glaciations Pangea Ended in largest Phanerozoic extinction event
Extinction event Ordovician Vertebrate fish Extinction event Silurian Terrestrial plant life evolved First vascular plants Devonian Fish, ammonites became abundant Tetrapods evolved Invertebrates + vertebrates on land First forests, seed plants Extinction event
Mesozoic
Mesozoic Highlights
Triassic (245 - 208 m.y.) Pangea began to break up Separate paths of evolution on different plates thereafter Transition to Hot House First dinosaurs Extinction event
Cenozoic Mesozoic Highlights
Jurassic (208 - 144 m.y.) Dinosaurs! First birds and mammals Conifers flourished Cretaceous Flowering plants Insects flourish First primates Coal formation (cont. into Cenozoic) Massive extinction e...
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