Twenty Day Three Theme: Trains Vocabulary Illusion of depth: the appearance of the third dimension (depth) in a flat work of art. This is achieved by tricking the eye with such methods as linear perspective, overlapping, height placement, size relationships, shading, and aerial perspective. Depth: see illusion of depth. Complementary color: colors opposite each other on the color wheel such as red-green, yellow-purple, blue-orange. Rhythm instruments: Simple classroom instruments that are played by striking: drums, rhythmic sticks, maracas, claves, triangles, cymbals, castanets, tambourines, tone bells, xylophones, Orff instruments, cow bells, jingle bells, etc. Accelerando: a gradual speeding up of the established tempo. Ritardando: a gradual speeding down of the established tempo. Dynamics: the various levels of volume. Forte: Loud (f) Piano: soft (p) Crescendo: gradually getting louder (<) Decrescendo: gradually getting softer (>) Melody: tune; notes following in succession in an agreeable way. Conductor: a leader or director of music Time signature: a sign indicating the time of a piece of music. Coda: sign at the end of the music that shows a person to return and start again. It is sometimes represented with a colon and two lines, or with D.C. al Fine. Timbre: the color of the sound. Often referred to as the tone color or quality. The timbre of a voice can be rough, nasal, squeaky, etc. The timbre of a trumpet, for example, is different from the timbre of a flute or a violin. Childrens Literature Down by the Station by Will Hillenbrand. ISBN: 0-439-21625-7 This is a book about the song Down by the Station. Ive Been Working on the Railroad by Nadine Bernard Westcott. ISBN: 0-590-10702-X This is a book about the song Ive Been Working on the Railroad. The Remarkable Farkle McGride by John Lithgow. ISBN: 0-439-30522-5 This is a book about Farkle, a music prodigy whose musical passions were never satisfied. He played the violin, flute, trombone, and drums but could never figure out how come he didnt like his music. Once he picked up the baton and conducted an orchestra, he was satisfied. Resource Books Songs for Little Angels with Dirty Faces by Harold Laycock Books 1 and 2. This is the book whereDown by the Station came from. To order the book, write to: Sonos Music Box 1510
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Day Twenty Three Orem, UT 84057 Aesthetics Decorate your classroom with trains. Have train music playing. Create posters to represent songs and display them. Dance/Creative Movement o Have the children create a train by holding onto the elbows of the person in front of the child in a long line. Travel around the classroom making chugging noises and moving their arms back and forth to represent the wheels that are hooked together. Make sure to rotate students so everybody can be the caboose or the steam engine. Music Composer: Heitor Villa-Lobos The Little Train of Caipira o He is considered to be the greatest composer of the Americas. He was born in 1877 and lived until 1959. He lived in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He wrote over 1,000 pieces, and reformulated the concept of nationalism. o Words for Berry Pickers song from The Little Train of Caipira Were all on our way to pick berries today As we go along well keep singing our song Well ride through the valleys, crossing mountains and towns Smoke blowing and trains slowing when we come to a town. We were able to listen to the different sounds that the instruments represent in the piece of music and then to the melody line of the Berry Pickers song. Illustrations showed which instrument(s) was/were playing, a visual pattern of the melody line they were playing, in addition to visuals that help you imagine the trains trip. Musical instruments Train whistles: blocks of wood with holes cut in them. Blow into one end. These can be used to teach pitch. When you have several whistles children can play them and determine if one is higher or lower pitched than another. Prices vary, from 50 cents on up to around $7.00. Notes and rests Whole notes: worth four counts Half notes: worth two counts Dotted half note: worth three counts Quarter note: worth one count Eighth note: worth of one count Sixteenth note: worth of one count Whole rest: hangs from a line, box filled in, four counts. Half rest: sits on a line, box filled in, two counts. Dotted half rest: sits on a line, box filled in with dot, three counts Quarter rest: almost like a five without the hat and half of the circle, one count 2
Day Twenty Three Eighth rest: a seven with a dot on the start of the top: of a count Sixteenth rest: a seven with two lines and dots on the top: of a count Dynamic markings Acc. Or accelerando, means speed up. Rit. Or ritardando means slow down. Dynamics: loudness and softness in musical terms. Forte: represented with an f. It means loud. Fortissimo: represented ff. It means really loud. Double fortissimo: represented fff. It means incredibly loud. Piano: represented p. It means soft. Pianissimo: represented pp. It means really soft. pianissimo: Double represented ppp. It means incredibly soft. Crescendo: < means get louder. Decrescendo: > means get softer. When leading music: Count one always goes down. When conducting three, the second beat goes away from the body, and the third beat goes back up. The pattern is almost a triangle. When conducting in four, the second beat goes across the body, the third goes away from the body, and the fourth returns back to the top. The pattern is almost like an upside down T. When conducting in two, the first beat goes away from the body and down, and the second beat returns back up. It looks as if it is a backwards j shape. When conducting remember that the hand is an extension of the arm. Keep them straight. Do not flop them around. Always lead with the right hand. This way people do not get lost. They are used to looking at the way that the right hand and the directions it goes. When conducting with the left hand, it will confuse them because beats going across the body, for example, are now going out. Tempo: the speed of the song. See handout on being a human metronome. Largo: very slow, about 60 beats per minute. This is resting heart rate. Adagio: moderately slow, about 90 beats per minute. Adante: moderate speed, about 120 beats per minute. This is a good walking speed. Allegro: fast speed, about 160 beats per minute. Presto: very fast, about 180 beats per minute or more. Other musical words to know: o Staff: five lines that music is written on o Measures: the sections divided up on the staff. Each measure has the same amount of beats. o G clef: the treble clef. o Meter sign: Top shows how many notes to the measure, and bottom shows what kind of note gets that count. o 4/4 is four beats per measure. o is three beats per measure.
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Day Twenty Three o 2/4 is two beats per measure. o Metronome: a machine that keeps the time. They can either be electronic or not. A metronome keeps the tempo. o Melody is the tune of the song. o Time signature is also known as the meter sign. o Coda is the sign at the end of the music. o Timbre is tone color. Songs
Trip on a train: this is a fun song with dynamics and volume. Little train of Caipira by Villa Lobos Little Red Caboose Down By the Station: at the bottom of the song, it has a list of notes that can be played with three different rhythmic instruments. Its All Rightin the Dark: this is a chant that goes from double pianissimo to double fourtissimo. Even though it is a chant, it has rhythm, tempo, and dynamics. Get On Board: this song is an African American spiritual. The paper shows what can be done with rhythmic instruments to portray clicking wheels, engine sounds, and train whistles.
Visual Arts Have the children create a section of a train. Place the train on the top of a bulletin board. Have the children bring in shoe boxes to represent a train cart. Have them decorate them how they want to. Place the train along the floor. Great Artists Currier and Ives: Two people who made up a colle...