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cs340-h-design-doc-uml
Course: CS 340, Fall 2008School: UVA
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Design: Goals and Documentation <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 1 University of Virginia Documenting Design Goals are: To document sufficiently to permit implementation To document to permit verification of...
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Design: Goals and Documentation <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 1 University of Virginia Documenting Design Goals are: To document sufficiently to permit implementation To document to permit verification of design Trace requirements to design document Identify design problems Inspection of design Violation of design goals Maximize utility, minimize effort and length Software Architecture & Design ( John Knight 2006) 2 University of Virginia What Might We Document? Document three design levels: System architecture High-level design Low-level design Document data design Document user-interface design Various views: Static views Dynamic views State-based views (threading, concurrency) 3 <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) University of Virginia <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 4 University of Virginia Design Document Contents Example: Client design document Overall architecture (client/server) Communications Sockets etc. (how many, purpose) Data on client (persistent) Data model provided by server UI designs Client architecture packages, subsystems threading models (Continued) 5 <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) University of Virginia Design Document Contents (cont) Detailed Design Class overview Class design <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 6 University of Virginia Notations Etc. Design notations: Architecture ("box and line") Packages (UML) Sequence diagrams (UML) State diagrams (UML) Use cases (UML) Descriptions Software Architecture & Design ( John Knight 2006) 7 University of Virginia <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> --UML Focus on Design <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 8 University of Virginia The <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> --UML The standard graphical languages (notation) Unfortunately, turned into large bin that contains everything UML lets one visualize, construct, document things: Conceptual: business processes, requirements, system functions. Concrete: classes, database schemas, components Three leading OO gurus, Booch, Rumbaugh, & Jacobson, joined forces in one company, Rational (now IBM): Rational sold Rose, A CASE tool for UML and OOA&D ... and other CASE tools: config. mgmt., requirement, testing tools UML tools: Violet (simple), Together (Borland, VS), Omondo (Eclipse plug-in), Visual Paradigm You'll need one. How to choose? 9 <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) University of Virginia The <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> --UML Notations vs. methodologies that use notations Rational defined a well-defined, documented process that uses the UML Now just the Unified Process (UP) not RUP Other methods and processes use the UML too (e.g. HP's Fusion) UML is a common language, not a "how to" UML is a good idea You should be familiar with it You should know that UML is not a panacea: <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 10 University of Virginia Brief Introduction To UML UML has several graphic notations including: Use cases Scenarios Class diagrams Interaction diagrams Package diagrams State diagrams Activity diagrams A good short book: Martin Fowler. UML Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Standard Object Modeling Language 11 <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) University of Virginia Brief Introduction To UML Often learned as a way of doing "OO A&D" Object-oriented analysis: Use-cases and scenarios Conceptual modeling with a class diagram Package diagrams Class diagrams (refinements of OOA diagrams) Interaction diagrams State diagrams University of Virginia Object-oriented design: <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 12 Nature of UML Diagrams Is UML a formal way of documenting design? What do you think? Answer: not really Often called semi-formal. Better than text Can they be validated or error-checked? (Sorta.) Can you prove design properties from these? (No.) At times a modeler leaves things out that don't interest him/her at that time for the current purpose. University of Virginia Important: lots of rules and options for diagrams <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 13 UML Class Diagram Notation Documents classes and their static relationships: Subtypes Associations Class name (perhaps other class characteristics e.g. Abstract ) Attributes (with type, visibility) Operations (with parameters, return type, visibility) Public/protected/private indicated by +/#/- signs Classes represented as box with three sections: <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 14 University of Virginia UML Class Diagram Notation Class Associations: Sometimes called "static structure" diagram Lines drawn between classes show they have a relationship Name describes relationship--optional if obvious Multiplicity provides "how-many" information Purpose varies depending on current activity OO Analysis: capture external entities, state, relations. Not so much about behavior. Not a code blue-print. OO Design: fully document classes to be written All attributes and operations. All classes to be used in program. For CS340, let's focus on OO Design and the "blueprint" idea <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 15 University of Virginia UML Class Diagram Notation Certain standard types of relationships: Inheritance: Classes have superclass, subclass relationship Basically the "isa" relationship Also shows "inheritance of interface" (e.g. Java's interfaces) Basically the "part-of/hasa" relationship There are some subtleties. See fowler's UML distilled Aggregation / Composition: Possibly confusing: diagram shows both inheritance, a definitionrelationship, and aggregation, a structural-relationship Note: all UML diagram notations allow for notes to be attached to objects or to the diagram as a whole 16 <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) University of Virginia UML Class Diagram Notation Box for class: In the box, sections for: attributes, operations Each named Line with white triangle pointer shows inheritance Line with white diamond pointer shows aggregation Line with black diamond pointer shows composition Simple line shows association -- give it a name! Types of arrows/lines: For aggregration, composition, and association: Numbers at line-ends show how many, the mulitiplicity Arrows at one or both ends if you want to show navigability <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 17 University of Virginia Conceptual Model for Problem Report Tool Relationship Class Navigability Number Inheritance Aggregation Subclass <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 18 University of Virginia Classes in UML Diagrams Attributes in middle Operations at bottom Can be suppressed. (What level of abstraction?) Book + tit le : s tr in g Attribute syntax: name : type = default Operation syntax: name ( params) : return type Visibility + public - private # protected etc. nothing? Java's defaultpackage? 19 B ook - t it le : s t r in g + b o r r o w ( c : C o p y ) : v o id + c o p ie s O n S h e lf ( ) : in t + g e t T it le ( ) : s t r in g University of Virginia <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) Associations For "real-world objects" is there an association between classes? Classes A and B are associated if: An object of class A sends a message to an object of B An object of class A creates an instance of class B An object of class A has an attribute of type B or collections of objects of type B An object of class A receives a message with an argument that is an instance of B (maybe...) Will it "use" that argument? Does an object of class A need to know about some object of class B? <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 20 University of Virginia More on Associations Associations should model the reality of the domain and allow implementation Associations are between classes A link connects two specific objects Links are instances of associations Note we could draw an object diagram to show objects and links But often interaction diagrams are more useful for modeling objects Note: One may choose to have a dynamic view associations: if at run-time two objects exchange messages, their classes must be associated 21 <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) University of Virginia Another UML Class Diagram Example <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 22 University of Virginia Tools and Class Diagrams Code generation from diagrams! Cycle between codes and diagrams, without losing changes made when adding code and moving back to diagrams Often called round-trip engineering Borland's Together Omondo UMLDesigner (free, Eclipse plug-in) Visual Paradigm Tools that do this: Tools that don't: Violet 23 <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) University of Virginia Class/Object, Structure/Behavior Class diagrams == static structure A snapshot of how things are defined or how they are at some point during run-time Implies behavior but doesn't give details about "how" a set of objects behave Object diagrams: structure at run-time Interaction diagrams: interactions at run-time <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 24 University of Virginia Objects, Object Diagrams Objects drawn like classes, but names for all instances underlined Objects may be "anonymous" Attributes are given values <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 25 University of Virginia <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 26 University of Virginia UML Sequence Diagram Two diagrams to show object interactions: Sequence diagram Similar to MSCs (message sequence charts) Collaboration diagram (not covered) Sequence diagram shows trace through series of interactions in time-line format Used for individual scenarios between objects (objects, not classes) <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 27 University of Virginia UML Sequence Diagram Each object involved is shown at the top Time runs down the page: Time-line becomes a thin vertical box to show time-frame for an activity Messages Member function calls, returns Creation/deletion of an object Can use this notation for subsystems, Java packages Even for use cases Interactions drawn between objects' timelines, showing: Notation useful outside of object-design <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 28 University of Virginia UML Sequence Diagram Example Remember, interactions between objects, not classes! UML notation for an object: Class : objName Thin, vertical box is focus of control: when object is doing an action Objects can be created and then destroyed (shown with an "X") c: Client p : ODBCProcxy <<create>> : Transaction This is a UML note. It can be attached to things or left on its own to comment on the diagram setActions(a,b) setValues(d,3.2) doToSelf(x) return <<destroy>> setValues(s,"CO") <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 29 University of Virginia Sequence Diagram: Similar Example <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 30 University of Virginia Sequence Diagram: Observer <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 31 University of Virginia <a href="/keyword/unified-modeling-language/" ><a href="/keyword/unified-modeling/" >unified modeling</a> language</a> ( J Knight and T Horton 2007) 32 University of Virginia UML State Diagrams State machine notation Based on Harel's concept of state charts More expressive than older notations State-transition diagrams, state machines For an object or a larger system, diagram shows its states w...
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