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21 Pages

Module19

Course: WW 101, Fall 2009
School: Coastal Carolina...
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19: Module Operant Conditioning Stephanie W. Weeks, PhD Coastal Carolina University Worth Publishers Operant Conditioning We learn to associate a response and its consequence Operant Conditioning Operant v. Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by...

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19: Module Operant Conditioning Stephanie W. Weeks, PhD Coastal Carolina University Worth Publishers Operant Conditioning We learn to associate a response and its consequence Operant Conditioning Operant v. Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment Law of Effect Thorndikes principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning Respondent Behavior occurs as an automatic response to stimulus behavior learned through classical conditioning Operant Behavior operates (acts) on environment produces consequences Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) elaborated Thorndikes Law of Effect developed behavioral technology Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning: Operant Chamber Skinner Box chamber with a bar or key that an animal manipulates to obtain a food or water reinforcer contains devices to record responses Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning Learning a relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience Shaping operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of a desired goal Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning Reinforcer any event that strengthens the behavior it follows Shaping operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of a desired goal Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning Principles of Reinforcement Reinforcer any event that strengthens the behavior it follows Primary Reinforcer innately reinforcing stimulus i.e., satisfies a biological need Conditioned Reinforcer stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with primary reinforcer secondary reinforcer Operant Conditioning Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous the Reinforcement reinforcing desired response each time it occurs Partial (Intermittent) Reinforcement reinforcing a response only part of the time results in slower acquisition greater resistance to extinction Operant Conditioning Schedules of Reinforcement Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedule reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses faster you respond the more rewards you get different ratios very high rate of responding like piecework pay Operant Conditioning Schedules of Reinforcement Variable Ratio (VR) reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses average ratios like gambling, fishing very hard to extinguish because of unpredictability Operant Conditioning Schedules of Reinforcement Fixed Interval (FI) reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed response occurs more frequently as the anticipated time for reward draws near Operant Conditioning Schedules of Reinforcement Variable Interval (VI) reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals produces slow steady responding like pop quiz Operant Conditioning Schedules of Reinforcement Number of responses 1000 Fixed Ratio Variable Ratio 750 Fixed Interval Rapid responding near time for reinforcement Variab...

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