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51 Pages
Interface
Course: N 4344707, Fall 2009School: Allan Hancock College
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chosenwilleffectivelyenableus InterfacingWithTheMachine Thetopicsthatwehaveeach todelveintowhatitactually meanstoInterfaceWithThe Machine. Taskallocation: DayneHistoryofTechnology DavidDesignandShape JulieTechnophobia KellyInternetAddiction LizMedicine LisaSecurity CassieEffectondailylife ReturntoCassiesHomepage TheEffectsonDailyLife TheHistoryOfTechnology Whatdoestechnologymean?...
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chosenwilleffectivelyenableus InterfacingWithTheMachine
Thetopicsthatwehaveeach todelveintowhatitactually meanstoInterfaceWithThe Machine.
Taskallocation: DayneHistoryofTechnology DavidDesignandShape JulieTechnophobia KellyInternetAddiction LizMedicine LisaSecurity CassieEffectondailylife ReturntoCassiesHomepage TheEffectsonDailyLife
TheHistoryOfTechnology
Whatdoestechnologymean?
Therearemanypreconceivedideasinsociety Mostofyouwouldassociatethewordtechnologyjustwithcomputersand
theirassociatedperipherals(mouse,keyboard,modem,printer,scanner etc).
Greekwordtekhn(craft)andlogia(thestudyof) Whenputtogether,thiswordcanbeinterpretedasthestudyof Technologiesfromthesimplestploughtothemostadvanced
craftingofresourcesforapracticalpurposesuchasmediatingor controllingtheenvironment(RayKurzweil,2000). personalcomputerhavehelpedtobringaboutfundamentaleconomic andsocialchange(RickBelluzzo,MicrosoftCorporation2003).
technology,Ihavegatheredalistoftechnologies inventedthroughtheages Australia(1901present)
Technologymainlyinventedforthe transport,agricultural,energy, manufacturing,communicationsand healthindustries.
Toenhanceyourgeneralunderstandingof
Polymermoneywasinventedby theReserveBankandtheCSIRO in1988.
TheUtewasinventedbythe Australiandesigner,LewisBandtin in1934.
AnotherAustralian technologicalinnovationwas thetamperevidentadhesive forpassports.Itwasinvented byGraemeMannin1995, whoworkedfor3MSecurity ProductDivision.
Remember,technologyoccurswhenresources arecraftedforapracticalpurpose,suchas mediatingorcontrollingtheenvironment.
THEHISTORYOFTECHNOLOGYASWEKNOW IT!
WeallknowthattheInternet,theWorldWideWeb,printers, modems,projectors,scanners,Cdburnersandwebcamerasallfall underthetermoftechnology
ToInterfaceWithTheMachinewasnot possibleassuchuntil1976,whenSteve JobsandSteveWozniakinventedthefirst personalcomputer(AppleOne).
Intheearly1950s,modemswereused specificallytotransmitdatabetween defencebases,usingtheexisting telephonelines.In1962theywere eventuallyusedforcommercialreasons.
TheDigitalCompactDiskwas inventedbyAmericanJamesT. Russellinthelate1960sbecausehe becamedisgruntledwiththepoor soundqualityofrecordsthat eventuatedthroughcontinueduse.
Thecomputermousewas inventedbyAmerican DouglasEngelbartin1968.It wasntuntilthefirstpersonal computerthatthemouse attractedwidespreaduse.
Twoofthemostimportanttechnological breakthroughstodate,however,wouldhavetobe theInternetandtheWWW
DoesanyoneknowthedifferencebetweentheInternetandthe WWW?
TheInternetisacollectionofwires,protocolsandhardwarethat
allowstheelectronictransmissionofdata(Rayportetal.,2002). TheInternetwasestablishedandusedbytheUnitedStatesDefence DepartmentduringtheColdWar(1969).Itservedasasecureand survivablecommunicationnetworkbetweendefencebases.
hypertextpagesviewedbyabrowserandassistedbyaserver. TheWWWwasdevelopedbyAmericanTimBernersLee in1991becausehehadavisionofpossessingamedian thatallowedglobalsharingofinformation.
Incomparison,theWWWexistsontheInternetbyusing
Whenwasthefirsttimeyouinterfacedwitha
computer?
Whataboutatschool? Nowthatyouknowaboutthe
historyoftechnology,therest ofthegroupwilldevelopthe conceptofInterfacingWithThe Machineinmorecontemporary times. HereisDavidwithComputerDesign!
Design
DesignPast
Earlycomputerswerebulky. Userswerehighlytrained Displayswereencoded Operatorsrushedaroundgrabbingoutputfromthe
lineprinters,mountingtapes,squintingatthe crypticdisplayontheconsole,andacting important DavidGelernter,TheAestheticsofComputing (1998)
Interfacewasdesignedforusebyexperts
Earlycomputers
Late70ssawthebirthofthepersonal
computer Eg.AppleIIkeyboard,processorand monitor Beigebox(kludge) Designedbymaleelectronicsexpertsfor maleelectronicsexperts Littlethoughtgiventoaesthetics Designthroughoutthe80sand90swas remainedlargelyunchanged
TheAppleIIcPlus mmmnerdy
DesignPresent
Mid90ssawdesignersrespondingto
ergonomicneeds Newshapesofkeyboards,miceandother peripheralsbecametrendy Thesetrendscreatedanewmarketforunique andaestheticallypleasingdesignsCarr Chellman,MarraandRoberts(2002) Designersareawarethatcomputersarepresent inmostwesternhomes,thepopulationwants machinesthataresexy,funky,coolandcolourful.
iMac mmmsexy
FutureofDesign
Increasingconnectivity Decreasingpowerrequirements Computerswillbecomesmaller,more modularandincreasinglyinteractivewith oneanother. Result:mobileandwearablecomputing systemsthatarebarelyrecognizableas suchWeiland,ZacharyandStokes (2000)
AIBO mmmrobotic
TheLGinternetRefrigerator mmmpointless
PanasonicWearableMP3player mmmcool
Technophobia
Technophobia
DEFINITION:
fear,discomfortoranxietytowardoneor
moreformsoftechnology.
TypesofTechnophobia
Cognitive Anxious
hassleandfrightenthemselvesinternallywhentheyhavetouse
technologyorwhentheyevenimaginethemselvesusingit.
experiencetraditionalanxietysymptoms: increasedheartrate,sweatypalms,nauseatedstomach.
Table 2. Percentage of Students in each country who possessed high levels of technophobia Percentage of High Level of COUNTRY Technophobia USA 29% Singapore 18% Saudi Arabia 62% Poland 89% Northern Ireland 41% Mexico 53% Kenya 62% Japan 58% Italy 38% Israel 12% Indonesia 100% India 82% Hungary 23% Greece 48% Germany 33% Egypt 48% Czechoslovakia 30% Belgium 30% Australia 31%
TechnophilesandTechnophobes
EagerAdopters
1015% embracetechnology
5060%
Hesitantproveits Resisters
technologyisOKingeneralbutarehesitanttouseitthemselves
dontwantanythingtodowithtechnology
HowcanTechnophobiabe 3040% treated?
Bettereducation Handsonexperience
TechnophobiaandEducation
Teachers Students
Internetaddiction
Definition
InternetAddictionisthecompulsive overuseoftheinternetandmoodyand irritablebehaviourwhendeprivedofit. (PeterMitchell,2000)
Whoismostlikelytobecome addicted?
unistudent middleagedmanorwoman stayathomemumordad highschoolacademic ?
Whycantheinternetbecomeso addictive?
anonymity escapismfromrealityandproblems predisposedfactorssuchasother addictions otherproblemswithfactorslike depression,socialphobiaimpulsecontrol disorderandattentiondeficitdisorder
Areyouaddictedtotheinternet? Askyourself.
Doyoufeelpreoccupiedwiththeinternet? Doyoufeeltheneedtousetheinternetwithincreasingamounts oftimetoinordertoachievesatisfaction? Haveyourepeatedlymadeunsuccessfultocontrol,cutbackor stopinternetuse? Doyoustayonlinelongerthanoriginallyintended? Haveyoujeopardisedorriskedthelossofsignificantrelationship, job,educationalorcareeropportunitybecauseoftheinternet? Haveyouliedtofamilymembers,therapistsorotherstoconceal theextentofinvolvementwiththeinternet? Doyouusetheinternetasawayofescapingfromproblemsor relievingfeelingsofhelplessness,guilt,anxietyordepression? (KimberlyYoung,1999)
Implicationsforteachers..
assesscurriculum assessonlineusageandtasks assessstudentbehaviouronlineand everyday catchproblemsbeforetheyeruptinto addictions
Medicine
AdvancementsinTreatmentand DiagnosisofPatients
Newapproachestodrugdevelopment:
aDNAapproach(basedonunderstandingthe
DNAcodeofhumangenomestopreventor eradicatedisease)
CombinationalChemistry(theprocessofmaking
largenumbersofcompoundsthatmayturnout tobenewdrugs)
Cont.
Medicalimagingindiagnosis:
XRays Tomography(theabilitytoviewinternalorgans) MagneticResonanceImaging(theabilityto
produceimagesofsofttissue) (StixandLacob,1999)
Howfarwillpatientdiagnosisgo?
Atthemoment,biochipsarebeingto
developedtoenablepatientstoreceivea diagnosisforaconditionsuchasanthrax, AIDSorevencancer,withinamatterof minutes (http://wired.com/news/print/0,1294,50081,00.html)
DevelopmentsinBionicsand Prosthetics
DevelopmentsinBionicsand Prosthetics
Microelectrodestimulationprosthesis(thedesignof
microelectrodesminuteenoughtostimulatesmall clustersofneurons) analysingnerveactivity)
Microcomputerbrainimplants(usedindetectingand Developmentssuchassiliconbreastimplants,hip Thoughtcontrolledlimbs
replacements,limbprosthesis,andarteryandheart valvereplacements
Cyberneticswearebecoming cyborgs
Withintwotothreedecades,ourbrains
willhavebeenreverseengineered: nanobotswillgiveusfullimmersionvirtual realityanddirectbrainconnectionwiththe internet.Soonafter,wewillexpandour intellectaswemergeourbiologicalbrains withnonbiologicalintelligence (Kurtzweil,2002,p.1)
Telemedicinetheconceptofthe computerisedhospital
Medicalinformationcanbetransmittedgloballyoverthe
internet(telemedicine) cameras)
Specialisedequipment,e.g.Medicams(highresolution Globallibraryofmedicalinformation,e.g.Biosites(
http://www.library.ucsf.edu/biosites) onamagneticstrip)
Developmentofsmartcards(recordofmedicalhistory
TheSec...
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