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22, February 2008 The Republic in the early 19th Century I. The Jeffersonian Republic a. ** abolished most taxes on citizens (whiskey tax) i. Reduced the army and the navy ii. Reduced the national debt iii. However DID NOT attack the bank of the US. b. Yeoman Farmer as Model Citizen i. Neither at the top nor at the bottom ii. Economic independent but not concerned with profit. 1. Crucial balancing act. c. "Marbury vs. Madison" & Judicial Review i. Since Federalists lost control of the Executive and Legislative branch of Government, so they tried to maintain power in the judicial branch 1. In response, republicans remove some positions that federalists had created ii. Marbury was appointed as justice of peace by Adams 1. Jefferson tried to withhold his appointment to replace him with a Republican iii. Judiciary Act 1. Cases involving federal officials would be decided by the supreme court 2. Expanded the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court iv. Chief Justice John Marshall 1. Federalist background 2. Court does not have the power to grant Marbury the position 3. Court upheld the doctrine of Judicial Review a. Confirmed its power to determine the constitutionality of federal law d. Louisiana Purchase i. Jefferson needed Land ii. Napoleon Bonaparte 1. Out of the French Revolution 2. Goes to war with Britain 3. Napoleon takes the Louisiana territory back a. Wants to establish a French empire in the new world b. Mass rebellion against French colonists in Haiti c. Lack of funds makes him willing to sell his Louisiana territory d. Sells it to America for $15 million. i. Nowhere in the Constitution says the president or anyone for that matter can purchase land. ii. No time to make an amendment!! iii. Jefferson decides to purchase it anyway 1. Justifies it by saying it is implied in the president's power to make treaties. 2. Pissed off Federalists a. **** reversing the principles of the two parties **** II. Domestic and Foreign Problems a. Europe i. Neutral shipping rights with Britain and France 1. Great opportunity for American Merchants 2. Maintaining neutrality could be difficult a. British tried to blockade the French and American trade routes ii. British Impressment of American Sailors 1. Forced Americans to serve as sailors in the British Navy 2. Pissed the Americans off a. No regard and no respect for America's sovereignty. iii. Embargo Act 1. Prohibited all American exports to other countries 2. Effectively, imports are cut off as well. 3. *** goods coming in and out of the United States is decreasing dramatically *** 4. To put economic pressure on the British 5. It was a failure and it was often ignored 6. Investors redirect their investments from shipping to the early stages of industrialization. b. Native Americans and Westward Expansion i. Legally, whites were not allowed to seize lands from Indians without permission from Indians. 1. But in reality, this was not the case 2. Indians had 3 choices a. Move more westward b. Try to coexist with whites c. Fight for the land ii. Shawnee Indians a. In the Ohio river valley b. Found that it was difficult to escape white approachment c. William Henry Harrison i. Signed treaties with Indians to open more land to the west. 2. The Prophet a. Indians started to become annoyed this of b. "Indians should reject all contact with whites" c. "should return to their traditional way of life" d. Emphasized the need for various Indian groups to work together 3. Tecumseh a. Prophet's brother b. More political and military c. He wanted varies Indian groups to come together politically and defend their land even at gunpoint. d. His confederacy in the Northwest becomes actually strong enough to push back whites. e. Britain is arming Tecumseh's confederacy i. Americans start to blame Britain III. War of 1812 a. Causes of War i. British interference with US merchant shipping ii. British support for Indians Fighting Americans iii. Belief that Britain never accepted American Independence 1. Calls for the need for a second war 2. Striking the small number of British troops in America would be easy iv. Expansionists want access to land in west and south 1. Some even thought that they should invade British Canada and Spanish Florida. 2. People want land without Indian attack a. Going to war with British will take out Indian allies v. Divided America 1. Republicans favored the war 2. Those in New England opposed it 3. Federalists opposed the war a. Because some merchants are trading illegally anyway b. Rather have a little bit of business then no business c. "despite Britain's actions, we must avoid war" b. War ends with little resolvement i. Andrew Jackson fights British in New Orleans ii. Key Results of War 1. Tecumseh's confederacy destroyed a. Weakened Indians in frontier areas 2. Outpouring of National Pride a. Patriotism b. America had ONCE again held its own against a far larger FOE 3. Federalist Party Destroyed a. Federalist merchants disregarded the "embargos" b. Some states refused to provide militias and support the war effort c. Hartford Convention i. Drew up a series of demands to present to the president and congress 1. There should be a 2/3 vote to declare war 2. There should be NO embargos that last more than 2 months 3. Abolition of the 3/5 compromise 4. Prohibit successive presidents coming from the same states ii. Ruins their reputation Federalists were saw as treasons. d. NOW only Republicanism. IV. Nationalism and Foreign Policy a. Improved relations with Britain i. Agreed to the border of Canada ii. Joint occupation of Oregon iii. John Quincy Adams 1. Thought of America in continental terms 2. Wanted to do so with diplomacy 3. As president doesn't do much but as diplomat he is very astute. b. Acquisition of Florida i. Andrew Jackson and his men were to attack Indians on the border of Florida and American territory but not to attack Spaniards. ii. Attacks them anyway iii. Withdraws when Spain threatens to go to war iv. Spanish didn't acknowledge the authority of the Louisiana Purchase 1. J. Adams negotiates with Spain. a. Spain is going to acknowledge that the territory goes all the way to the pacific coast b. Spain gives over Florida c. America gives Texas to Spain c. Monroe Doctrine i. Foreign policy pronouncement ii. John Quincy Adams iii. US will not interfere with European Affairs iv. In the newly independent states, former colonies of Spain, if any European power tries to interfere with them. The US will regard that as a hostile act. v. *** Stay out of America!!

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