French and Indian War (1754-1763) I. II. Series of Colonial/European Wars Threat of New France A. Why war starts here B. Fort Duquesne C. Albany Congress (Spring 1754) French and Indian War (When fought in Europe, called Seven Years War A. Washington and Fort Necessity B. Braddock- sent to colonies to take control of the Indians and French C. Louisbourg (July 1758)- Key to the control of the St. Lawrence river. Will allow British and American troops to blockade the French Forts D. Quebec (1759)- City on cliff. When taken, essentially end of the F&I War. E. Conflict with France A. Britain must use their navy, because their army is weak. B. Britain allies with Prussia because they have a good army. C. France attacks the areas surrounding Prussia, because they can't really invade Britain D. British PM Pitt separates different parts of the war into "theatres"- still used today. E. Prussia hires mercenaries to double the size of their army F. British have to have food and shelter so they start forced encampment and forced quartering III. Problem with British army was that it was based off of seniority, so not much widespread competence. Very structured fighting- three lines deep would face off about 50 yards from each other, would shot in volleys to increase chance of hitting enemy because guns were inaccurate. IV. Peace of Paris (1763) A. Britain and Allies win the war, so they decide most of the treaty. B. France gives Britain all of Canada and all of its territories east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans. C. Spain gives Florida to Britain. D. France gives to Spain all of its territory west of Mississippi River and port of New Orleans. E. Some of French colonies in the Caribbean go to Britain. Post 1763 and the Road to Revolution I. Affects of French & Indian War A. Salutary Neglect background- British first ignored the colonies, but stopped after the Seven Years War B. Changed Views 1. American Views- felt united, and felt great after the war, French are gone so lives great. 2. British Views- annoyed with the colonists for starting the war and causing the British to go into massive debt. C. End Salutary Neglect Differences in Political Concepts A. Constitutions- specific document that spells out rights and duties of people and government (covenant) British const. based on tradition and precedent Colonists pissed at Brits because they change their rules and laws on whim B. Representation: Direct v. Virtual Virtual- do what's good for all, not just for your place of residence Direct- only represent those who directly elect you Britain: House of Commons Each district allowed to elect a representative to the House of Commons Due to size variance between districts, disparity between representatives occurred C. Taxes 1. Indirect external=national tax on imports and exports, effects everyone (Navigation Acts)= listed goods that colonists had to buy from Britain 2. Direct internal= local tax on goods or services produced or consumed within a colony Believe direct internal tax can only be imposed by legislative assembly British never imposed direct internal tax (Salutory Neglect) D. Personal Rights and Law Enforcement British start to crack down on the colonists General Search Warrant= can search based on assumptions, and keep searching for periods of time Admiralty courts = for trading violations II. III. British Actions and American Reactions A. Proclamation 0f 1763= halted settlement west of the colonies to keep costs down B. Sugar Act of 1764= created to raise money, lowered tax on molasses coming in from Britain, adds items to Navigation Act list, strengthens Admiralty courts to crack down on smuggling, companies must post bond that shows that they obey and accept the shipping rules, if company violates the rules, they lose bond and thus their business, colonists boycott sugar and don't buy the bonds 1. Brits warn the colonists that they must find another way to pay taxes, or they will impose direct internal tax C. Stamp Act 1765 and reaction= must affix stamp to all printed products that you purchase which will prove that you pay taxes