102 Economics Ms. Elizabeth Kelly Midterm #2 _________________ April 22, 1997 Version 1
Name _______________________ ID Number _________________ Section Number TA Name _________________
DO NOT BEGIN WORKING UNTIL THE INSTRUCTOR TELLS YOU TO DO SO. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST You have 75 minutes to complete the exam, which consists of 5 problems ( Part I ) and 20 multiplechoice questions (Part II). Problems are worth a total of 40 points, and each multiple-choice question is worth 3 points for a total of 60 points. This exam has 10 pages. Please answer Part I on this test booklet making sure that your answers are legible and that you are using complete sentences. Show all work and formulas used. Your explanations will determine the grade. Please answer Part II on your coding sheet with a #2 pencil. Choose the best answer from the five alternatives offered. Be sure to fill in the coding sheet carefully and accurately. How to fill in the coding sheet: 1. Print your last name, first name and middle initial in the spaces marked "Last Name,""First name,"and "MI." Fill in the corresponding bubbles below. 2. Print your student ID number in the spaces marked " Identification Number." Fill in the corresponding bubbles below. 3. Write your discussion section number under "Special Codes" spaces ABC, and fill in the bubbles. 4. Write your version number under "Special Codes" space D and fill in the corresponding bubble. Discussion sections are as follows: Hyun-Ok Han 357 358 360 353 356 365 Costin Borc 352 354 359 1.20 R Charles Wassell, Jr. 2.25 R 8.50 F 368 1.20 F 9.55 R Takashi Kobayashi 355 11.00 R 1.20 R 11.00 F 8.50 R 9.55 R 2.25 R 350 361 363 351 364 367 4.00 W 9.55 F 11.00 F 366 12.05 F 4.00 W 362 9.55 F 11.00 F 12.05 F
Jaeho Cheung
If you have any questions during the exam, stay seated and raise your hand. When you are finished, please get up quietly and bring your code sheet and this exam booklet to the place indicated by the instructors. Stop, take a deep breath, and think carefully before you answer any questions. There are no intentional "tricks"; however, not all answers are intended to be obvious. Good luck!
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Part I. Problem Type Questions (4 problems at 10 points each for a total of 40 points) 1. Suppose Kate can borrow $ 2000 from Chris who lives in Macropia or from Tom who lives in Micropia. From whomever she borrows the money, she needs to pay back $2700 in one year. Assume there are no barriers from borrowing the money from a different country and ignore exchange rate effects. Use the Fisher equation when necessary to answer the following questions. a) (2 pts.) What is the nominal interest rate in Macropia and Micropia?
b) (2 pts.) Assume the anticipated inflation is 10 % in both Macropia and Micropia. What is the real interest rate in Macropia and Micropia?
c) (2 pts.) Assume the anticipated inflation is 10 % in Macropia but 5 % in Micropia. From whom should Kate borrow the money? Briefly explain why.
d) (2 pts.) Assume Kate borrowed the money from Chris, expecting the inflation will be 10%. However, the actual inflation rate turns out to be 15%. Who will be better off (Kate or Chris)? Briefly explain why.
e)(2 pts.) Suppose Kate borrows $2,000 from Tom and inflation is 20% in Micropia. If Tom wants a real interest rate equal to 20%, what is the total amount Kate should pay back to him at the end of the year?
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2. ( 10 pts.) Identify and define five of the following terms: near monies
high powered money
excess reserves
sticky prices
autonomous variable
open market purchase
liquidity property of money
discount rate
3. Consider an open economy described by the following Keynesian model: C=100+0.9Yd Yd=Y-T I=15 X=50 G=59 M=25 T=10 + 0.1Y where C is consumption, Yd is disposable income, I is planned investment, G is government spending, T is taxes, and Y is gross income. All variables are measured in nominal million dollars. a. (2 pts.) What is the value of disposable income in equilibrium?
b. (1 pt.) What is the saving function of this economy as a function of gross income?
c. (3 pts.) Show that in equilibrium, leakages equal injections.
d. (2 pts.) Suppose the full-employment level of Y is 1200. If the government increases its spending to achieve full employment, by how much does the government spending have to be increased?
e. (2 pts.) When full employment has been achieved from the initial equilibrium by the expansionary fiscal policy as described in (d) above, by how much has the government budget deficit (G-T) changed?
4. Consider the following Keynesian model. C = 50 + .4Yd where Yd = disposable income, I = 0.2Y C = consumption, G = 30 I = investment, T = 40 G = government spending, X = 16 T = taxes, M = 20 X = exports, M = imports, Y = national income. a) (2 pts.) Find the equilibrium level of national income.
b)(2 pts.) Find the tax multiplier in this model.
5. (6 pts.) Briefly explain, in the space provided, three non-price determinants of the Aggregate Supply curve.
Part II. Multiple choice questions (20 questions at 3 points each, for a total of 60 points) 1. Which of following would result in demand-pull inflation in the US? a) The US government increases taxes. b) The members of OPEC agree to lower the worldwide supply of oil. c) Demand for US exports increases overseas. d) Japan feels sorry for the US economy and donates free capital. e) None of the above will result in demand-pull inflation. 2. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) Classical economists thought that aggregate demand is perfectly inelastic. b) Keynesian economists thought that wages are rigid. c) Classical economists thought that output tends to be at the full employment level. d) Keynesian economists thought that prices are not flexible in short-run. e) Keynesian economists thought that an increase in government spending would increase output. 3. The required reserve ratio is 25%. Bob makes a $200 automatic withdrawal (at a Tyme machine) from his demand account at the only bank in the economy. Which of following statements is true? a) b) c) d) e) Initially, the money supply has changed its composition but not its size. Initially, the money supply will decrease by Eventually, $200. the money supply will decrease by $50. Eventually, the money supply will decrease by $800. Eventually, the money supply will increase by $200.
4. Use the following information to answer this question: MPC=0.75, T=100, I=40, G=60, (XM)=0, and a=200. Suppose Y=1000. Which of the following statements is true? a) b) c) d) e) The economy is in equilibrium. In equilibrium, Saving is equal to 25. The marginal tax rate is 0.25. Unplanned inventory changes are positive. Injections exceed leakages.
5. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) The long-run aggregate supply curve is perfectly inelastic at the full employment output level. b) Injections are equal to leakages, given equilibrium conditions. c) Higher than expected inflation is beneficial to borrowers of money. d) The aggregate expenditure function intersects the 45 line at the equilibrium level of output. e) In the Keynesian model, in equilibrium, saving is always equal to investment.
6. Assume an upward sloping aggregate supply curve. A natural disaster causes across the board increases in input prices. The result of this increase will be to the price level, and GDP. This is an example of . a) b) c) d) e) increase; increase; decrease; increase; increase; increase; decrease; increase; decrease; increase; demand pull inflation demand pull inflation cost push inflation cost push inflation cost push inflation
7. Which of the following is NOT true? a) Given two countries, the citizens in the high-output nation are better off than those in the low-output nation. b) According to the Classical model, AS is vertical at the full employment level of output. c) In a Keynesian model of an economy, shifts in the AD schedule that intersect the Keynesian AS schedule have no impact on prices. d) Bad expectations about the future will shift the AD down, ceteris paribus. e) The Keynesian model is not consistent with perfectly flexible prices. 8. Nominal per capita GDP for 1990 was $200 and real GDP for 1991 in 1990 prices was $55,200. The growth rate of nominal GDP was 20% but the growth rate of real GDP was 15%. How many people are there in 1990? a) b) c) d) e) 210 220 230 240 None of the above.
9. If the full employment level of income is 300 dollars above the current equilibrium income, which of the following policies can raise the equilibrium income to the full employment level and keep the budget balanced? (Assume you will use a lump-sum tax, i.e. the MTR equals zero, and that the budget is initially balanced.) a) b) c) d) e) Increase government spending by $300. Increase government spending by $100 if the multiplier is 3. Decrease lump-sum taxes by $300. Increase both government spending and the lump-sum taxes by $300. Not enough information to answer this question since we do not know the multiplier.
Use the following table to answer questions 10 and 11. Output 550 750 Consumption 250 300 Net Exports 50 100 Government Expenditures 100 250 Taxes 250 250 Investment 150 100
10. What is the Saving function for this economy? ( Assume marginal tax rate is zero) a) b) c) d) e) S = 175 + .75(Y-T) S = 175 + .25(Y-T) S = -362.5 + 0.75Y S = -175 + 0.75Y S = -237.5 + 0.75Y
11. Assume the marginal tax rate is zero. What is the multiplier on lump-sum taxes? a) b) c) d) e) 1.333 -0.33 -3.0 -1 -1.333
12. Your friend Raskolnikov asks to borrow $2319 from you for one year, and proposes to pay 20% interest on the principal. What is the maximum inflation rate consistent with your acceptance of this loan? Assume you will accept any nonnegative real return. a) b) c) d) e) 20% 18% 16% 14% 10%
13. Suppose that an economy is in equilibrium at a level of output of $600 million. Suppose further that the full employment level output is $2000 million....