Mid-Term Exam Thursday, Feb. 16th (in class) three sections (concise, brief written answers) Part 1 Lectures Bureaucracy and Democracy one answer from choice of two questions one answer from choice of two questions one answer from choice of two questions Part 2 Lectures The Political-Bureaucratic Interface Part 3 Lectures How the Bureaucracy Actually Works Savoie and Gomery Breaking the Bargain... Savoie would support Martin govt's approach Team 3, Team 4, Team 7 (yes) Team 2, Team 5, Team 6 (split) Team 1 (mixed) no...no teams! Team 1, Team 3 (yes) Team 2, Team 5 (split) Team 7 (mixed) Team 4, Team 6 (no) Savoie would support Gomery, Vol.1 Fact-Finding &quot;Essence of Decision&quot; Explaining the <a href="/keyword/cuban-missile-crisis/" ><a href="/keyword/cuban-missile/" >cuban missile</a> crisis</a> February 14th, 2006 Rational-Unitary Actor Approach <a href="/keyword/cuban-missile-crisis/" ><a href="/keyword/cuban-missile/" >cuban missile</a> crisis</a> as Rational-Unitary Actor identifies interests considers options &quot;Hard Case&quot; Do Nothing Diplomatic Pressure on Khruschev Secret Approach to Castro Invasion Air Strike Blockade chooses optimal option Organizational Outputs Date of Discovery -- October 14th Organizational Outputs Date of Discovery -- October 14th SOPs explain why not earlier or later USIB &quot;September estimate&quot; CIA SOP re: transmission time SOP re: processing intelligence information U-2 flight directive issued on Oct.4 Organizational Outputs Range of Options preferred option was airstrike surgical airstrike not option MRBM classified as &quot;mobile&quot; Tactical Air Forces could only guarantee 90% effectiveness MRBM reclassified as &quot;moveable&quot; only after first week (e.g. October 20/21) The Bureaucratic Politics Model Date of Discovery 10 day delay before October 14th U-2 flight Air Force vs. CIA failed Air Force mission on Oct.9 co-operative mission Oct. 14 The Bureaucratic Politics Model Range of Options the President RFK the Armed Forces Air Force Navy the Secretary of Defense The Bureaucratic Politics Model the Outcome blockade -- not the first choice of any one of the relevant actors Navy vs. Presidential preferences for blockade Implementation of blockade based on Navy SOPs inititial public account that President preferences prevailed reality blockade operated from Navy-specified distance result one (possibly several) Soviet ships passed through blockade after it was operational U-2 shot down over Cuba US Air Force neglects to enforce Presidential order banning ...