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19 Pages
timeanddatestamp
Course: CE 53602, Fall 2009School: East Los Angeles College
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Word Count: 1191
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the Implementing JSP Time and Date Stamp Using the <% %> Tags in a JavaServer Page the <% and %> tags in a JSP file are used to indicate the presence of Java code Source Code for Greeting.jsp <html> <body> Good <% java.util.Calendar currTime = new java.util.GregorianCalendar(); if (currTime.get(currTime.HOUR_OF_DAY) < 12) {...
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the Implementing JSP Time and Date Stamp
Using the <% %> Tags in a JavaServer Page
the <% and %> tags in a JSP file are used to indicate the presence of Java code
Source Code for Greeting.jsp
<html>
<body> Good <% java.util.Calendar currTime = new java.util.GregorianCalendar(); if (currTime.get(currTime.HOUR_OF_DAY) < 12) { %> Morning! <% } else if (currTime.get(currTime.HOUR_OF_DAY) < 18) { %> Afternoon! <% } else { %> Evening! <% } %> </body> </html>
How it Works.
Remember that the code outside of the <% %> tag pair is sent verbatim. Of course, that might lead you to conclude that the three strings, Morning!, Afternoon!, and Evening!, should all be sent in the response. What really happens is that items outside of the <% %> tag pair are converted into Java statements that print out the HTML verbatim. Because the Morning!, Afternoon!, and Evening! strings occur within an if statement, they are printed only when their section of the if block is true.
Here you a portion of the Java code generated by the JSP
Java Code Generated via a Servlet. out.write("<html>\r\n"); out.write("<body>\r\nGood\r\n"); java.util.Calendar currTime = new java.util.GregorianCalendar(); if (currTime.get(currTime.HOUR_OF_DAY) < 12) { out.write("\r\n Morning!\r\ n"); } else if (currTime.get(currTime.HOUR_OF_DAY) < 18) { out.write("\r\n Afternoon!\r\n"); } else { out.write("\r\n Evening!\r\n"); } out.write("\r\n"); out.write("</body>\r\n"); out.write("</html>\r\n");
Reading through JSPs
It's easier to read through a JSP if you remember that any text outside the <% and %> tags is really just shorthand for an out.write statement containing that text. The previous illustrates how scriptlets and HTML can be intermixed. However, it is not a good example of how to make a clear, readable JSP file.
Displaying a Value with < %= %>
The earlier example in could have been written in a much more compact way that determined the time of day first and printed out its greeting near the end of the file
This version shows a much more compact version.
Source Code for Greeting1.jsp
<html><body><% java.util.Calendar currTime = new java.util.GregorianCalendar();
String timeOfDay = ""; if (currTime.get(currTime.HOUR_OF_DAY) < 12)
{ timeOfDay = "Morning!"; } else if (currTime.get(currTime.HOUR_OF_DAY) < 18)
{ timeOfDay = "Afternoon!"; } else { timeOfDay = "Evening!";
}%>Good <% out.write(timeOfDay); %></body></html>
Reading through JSPs
As you can see, this is much easier to read because it doesn't jump back and forth between Java and HTML so rapidly. Down at the bottom of the file you can see where the timeOfDay variable is written out as part of the display. Notice that even though it is a single statement on the same line as some HTML text, out.write(timeOfDay) must still end with a semicolon because it must be a legal Java statement.
Printing out variables JSP provides a shorthand for printing out variables to save you from having to put out.write() all over the place. The line that prints out the greeting in can be replaced with the following line: Good <%= timeOfDay %> The <%= tag indicates that you want to write out a Java expression as part of the output sent back to the browser. Notice that you still close the tag with %> and not =%>. You can include any Java expression. Just make sure you don't put a semicolon after the expression the semicolon is automatically generated for you.
Printing out variables For example you can use the following line to print out the string representation of a calendar object: <%= new java.util.GregorianCalendar() %> This shows how the GregorianCalendar object looks when the <%= tag is used to display it. The <%= tag can print out an entire object. <%= Is Not <% = Watch Out for this Make sure you don't put any space between the <% and the = sign.
Why you the put <%= and %>
When you use the <%= tag to display an object, the result is the same kind of output you would see if you wrote out the object to System.out in a regular program. Basically, the output routine calls the toString method in the object and displays the results of the method call. It's all about out.write Anything you put between the <%= and %> ends up inside an out.write() expression. In other words, think of <%= as shorthand for out.write( and its closing %> as shorthand for );.
ShowDate.jsp This example shows a somewhat more practical combination of <% and <%= used to display the current date <html><body><% java.util.Calendar currDate = new java.util.GregorianCalendar(); // add 1 to month because Calendar's months start at 0, not 1 int month = currDate.get(currDate.MONTH)+1; int day = currDate.get(currDate.DAY_OF_MONTH); int year = currDate.get(currDate.YEAR);%>The current date is: <%= month %>/<%= day %>/<%= year %></body></html> http://trentdev:8080/2008-sem2/jw5/showdate.jsp
User Date Format.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html" %> <%@ page import="java.util.*, java.text.*" %> <html> <head> <title>User Date Format</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <ul> <% Date today = new Date(); Locale here = request.getLocale(); DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.SHORT,here); out.print( "<li>UK date: "+ df.format( today ) ); Locale france = new Locale( "fr","FR" ); df=DateFormat.getDateInstance( df.LONG, france ); out.print( "<li>French date: "+ df.format( today ) );
User Date Format.jsp Continued from the last slide.
Locale germany = new Locale( "de","DE" ); df=DateFormat.getDateInstance( df.LONG, germany ); out.print( "<li>German date: "+ df.format( today ) ); Locale usa = new Locale( "en","US" ); df=DateFormat.getDateInstance( df.LONG, usa ); out.print( "<li>USA date: "+ df.format( today ) ); %> </ul> </body> </html>
Date Format class <html> <%@ page import="java.text.*" %> <%@ page import="java.util.*" %> <head> <title>Date JSP</title> </head> <body> <h1> Today is <% DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance( DateFormat.FULL); ...
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