Course Hero - We put you ahead of the curve!
You have requested the below document.
- Title: Test 2 notes
- Type: Notes
- School: Texas A&M
- Course: HIST 105
- Term: Spring
Adams John What was his role in Continental Congress? Premier Political figure in the new nation to come. He was removed from congress to tell America they were to become a nation. He helped Negotiate peace with Britain. He started the greatest law firm in New England. Congress could have been seen as treasonous. How does he see himself? He was filled with self doubt; he was getting fat, balding and not very bright in politics. He is worried if he is ready. He would grow impatient with his other members. His confidence grew. He was pushing for new government. How did others see him? Adams was a major part in the Congress. He was moving toward independence as a small radical group. The majority wanted peace with Britain. He was not very popular. Adams was pushed aside by Benjamin Franklin. What was Abigail Adams role while John was away at Congressional Meetings? Abigail was a phenomenal wife, an insightful politician and a great judge of person. She adored him and visa versa. She had to face months without her husband at 29. She ran the household and the farm. She taught young John how to read. She wrote some of the great letters by quill and candle lights. She then had to face the battle of Bunker Hill and left home with her children. She believed that the women's role in the home was as important as men's in the political world. She had a girl whom was still born. Colonial warfare - stretching from the 1800's, over a hundred year time period. They spread from Europe to the colonies. In 1715, the King of France, Louis XIV dies in the second colonial war. Louis the XV, a lesser king, takes control and is more interested in the wars in the new world. The 26 year rave was very good for the English colonies. In the first two colonial wars, France had an excellent chance in dominating the New World. The Native Americans would have said France would win the struggle. The entire dispute was overall very helpful to England. The English colonies move beyond the Appalachian Colonies. They colonists did not get heavily involved. Fur traders, mountain men, lived with the Native Americans. They learned their cultures and frequently married into the Indian tribes. France moves into the Colonies wars with a stronger alliance with the Natives. During the 26 year rave, England sends fur traders to the Americas, England makes connections with Natives. They took a step further than France did, they were great in Manufacturing. They could then offer more, better trade goods than France did. They took advantage of what France didn't. King George's War started in 1739. This was spread to the colonies. It, like many wars ended without a clear ruler of the new world. The French held the Fort Louisburg. England captured this fort during the war but after the treaty, the English gave it back The French and Indian War The Great War for Empire. This war started in the colonies in 1754 and moved out. This had the potential to escalate into a world war. George Washington was ultimately responsible to starting the French and Indian War. He got involved in a skirmish with the French. "A shot fired by a Virginian lit the world on fire" Paul Revere i. ii. iii. Opening statements include the question and follow it with some evidence. Pg. 98 How the author even believes that Paul Revere was a part of a more collective act. "Many people in Boston helped him on his way so many that Paul Revere's ride was truly a collective effort. He would be very much surprised by his modern image as the lone rider of the Revolution." (Paul Revere's Ride by David Hackett Fischer page 98) Follow up with different examples from the book. a. Boston Tea Party. The poem about him and the doctor. b. Paul Revere was a very well connected person throughout the colonies and knew people all over. The grapevine was on his side. c. His idea for the lanterns in the church steeple carried out by a few of his friends. d. Other riders in the town of concord sent out to spread messages. End with repeating that Paul Revere is underappreciated with just a midnight ride. He was much more involved with his community and with the politics of the Colonies of New England. The author does NOT! Agree that Paul Revere single-handedly informed Lexington and Concord. Important part of Question 1! How was he a part of a more collective effort. The author takes an account of the longer part of colonial resistance. Look at Paul Revere being in the Congress. Use examples from the book. Support your paper with examples directly from the text. Quote the author. A simple page number will work after (Paul Revere's...., Author page ##) MAXIMUM LENGTH 1150 WORDS! Be disciplined with your paper but have a good standpoint. Standard margins 14 font section 501 Double Spaced No rough drafts. A GOOD TITLE! Examples: Question 1 a. Revere being in the Boston Tea Party *****very good example***** this takes into account of one aspect of Paul Revere was a apart of a colonial resistance. b. 70's-80's Paul Revere was a very well connected person in the colonial `grapevine' *****. Only Revere and the Doctor were involved in this many instances resisting the British. c. This is why he is the best person to inform Lexington and Concord because he knew everyone. d. As the word spread when Revere or another person got to a town, everyone knew what to do to inform New England. The word was spread very widely so it would have been impossible for Revere to have done it alone. This was very well planned ahead of time to insure that the colonies would be safe. *** e. Somewhere in the txt, he is "underappreciated". The myth of Paul Revere is not correct, he was much bigger than just a midnight ride. He deserves a lot more appreciation than a single horse and a message. The author gives respect to Revere. He feels he does not receive enough respect that he deserves. f. A lantern as signals in the steeples of the Church signifies they were ready to alert this network. ***** A good point to show that this was a collective effort. g. William Dauz? Dauz didn't know as many people as Revere so he was unsure how to alert people. He made it further down the road but was not as effective. Still he was a part of the collective effort and disproves the Revere myth. **** h. The midnight ride is an important part of the story but keep in mind to use the part of the paper to show what was going on in the broader picture. The French and Indian War 1754-1763 A world war The English went into the headwaters of the Ohio River in Western Pennsylvania. Here is great land. This river flows into the Mississippi which goes to the Gulf. This is the most valuable piece of real estate in North America. France heads to the Ohio River first and start to build forts along the Headwaters. Fort Duquesne o At one point over 1000 soldiers at this fort o Not a heavily settled area in the back woods o The French way of establishing rights to this river Water transportation is the best way to travel...! Roads sucked and trains didn't exist. Water was the fastest and cheapest mean for transportation. England starts to settle much later than France. The governor of Georgia sends a militia with Commander George Washington whom has no military experience up north to establish an English presence. Washington builds a fort at the head waters not far from Fort Duquesne and named it Fort Necessity. For strange reasons, Washington gets involved with a small skirmish with some French soldiers. He attacks the patrol crew. The Half King Very experienced in warfare and was very influential on Washington. He influences Washington to attack the patrol. Washington...was an idiot... The English surround the French fort on high ground. Washington attacks the French after getting out of bed. The French surrendered due to no defense. The French were taken as POW's. Jumonville was the French Commander in charge. He talked to Washington whilst wounded on the ground. Tells Washington he has no reason to attack them. They get a translator to translate a letter and The Half King goes nuts and gets his warriors and kills the remaining French soldiers. Half King splits Jumonvillle's head with a hatchet. Washington was appalled...Holy Shit...Everyone is dead....Washington has not a clue what to do. After this, there was great tension between France and England eventually leading to war. The first three years of the war was disastrous for the English. The English commander Edward Braddock was a very accomplished general in Europe. He had no battle experience in the colonies and sucked at his job. He did not know how to handle the terrain, the Indians or any aspect to gain control. Braddock chose to ignore the Indians asking him openly why they should fight for England. If England dominates North America, where do the Indians fit in the newly owned world? Braddock will not be convinced that the Indians are good warriors because they have such a different battle strategy. Braddock would not heed the colonists that if the Indians weren't with them they were against them, most of them fought for France. The first major effort was to capture Fort Duquesne. failed, It Braddock died. Washington was at the battle and was wounded. He recovered. The English pretty much blow at this point. The French commander was very different from Braddock. Louis Montcalm was everything Braddock was not. He was one of the reasons France was rocking it. He was very popular and led to many victory's against the English. By 1756, it seems that France will win the continent. After 1756, things started turning in the English's favor. William Pitt becomes the new Prime Minister of England. He begins to make some changes in the military and starts to appoint new and younger commanders. They were less experienced but they adapted well to their new environment, they are more versatile to new strategies. England begins to take back their old forts they lost earlier. James Wolfe is one of the new young commanders. He launched an effort to seize the fort. Montcalm pulls back to Quebec. This is the ideal defensive. High cliffs are hard to take over. The English lay siege on Quebec and destroy a lot of the fort. Cannon and rifle fire damage the fort but to not take over it. Wolfe is constantly thinking of how he can take over Quebec. Wolfe surrounds Quebec with thousands of soldiers. Battle at Quebec 1759 fought in Abraham's field which was very wide and open. The French are backed against a river. Montcalm is appalled to how he was surrounded. Both Montcalm and Wolfe were killed in the war for Quebec, victory going to England. French and Indian War had a dramatic impact on the colonies and Mother Country. The colonists realize England will be in debt and financial trouble. This brings on heavy taxes. The people begin to complain so the government moves the taxes onto the colonies. The colonies are pissed. Sugar Act Molasses Act Stamp Act Direct Internal Act Transfer of taxing power from colonial popular assemblies and to Parliament Difficult economic time Particularly visible tax Fell heavily on influential people o Lawyers were subject to the Stamp Act more commonly. Legal documents, News Papers all had the stamp act on them. o Anything from Playing cards to Licenses had the stamp act. Threatened autonomy of the colonies Patrick Henry Virginia Resolutions It was in Virginia the Stamp Act was stated unconstitutional Only Virginia House of Burgesses has the power to tax Virginians Virginians believed that England had no right to tax the colonies o England however stated they ran an Empire Parliament and could tax any part of the British Empire they pleased. Patrick Henry introduced a 7 part document over the debate at May 29th 1765. o Only the Virginia House of Burgesses has the right to tax Virginia. o Sons of Liberty The Stamp Act is No in Void and need not be abade. Used violence Looted Led by Samuel Adams Stamp tax collectors resigned Committees of Correspondence Stamp Act Congress October 7-25, 1765 in New York City Colonial Participation Moderates vs. Radicals "A Declaration of the rights and grievances of the Colonies" o The Colonists are not yet unified. The Radicals led by Samuel Adams are angry but are outweighed by the moderates. Stamp Act Repeal The Stamp Act was ruled out and declared unconstitutional. Declaratory Act (March 1, 1766) Went almost unnoticed by colonists Says Parliament has the right to legislate to the colonies There are no restrictions on Parliament whatsoever Townshend Acts (June 29, 1767) Charles Townshend Proposes a series of import taxes on common items "External" taxes acceptable? o Lead o Glass o Paper o Tea Tax money to go toward paying salaries of royal governors and judges and for military costs o Undermines the authority of popular assemblies. The American Revolution and Independence Boston Tea Party Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) 1. 2. 3. 4. Aimed at punishing Boston Port of Boston Act Boston could not trade until the tea was paid for Massachusetts Government Act Thomas Gage was put in charge of the British military to control Boston Boston could not meet for meetings. Act for the Impartial Administration of Justice Quartering Act (all the colonies) British is readying to go to war if necessary. All of these Acts have the opposite effect to the colonies Britain wanted. The colonies instead saw what was happening to Massachusetts and decided to help resist First Continental Congress Drawing by Ben Franklin September 17, 1774 Join or Die Declaration of American Rights No taxation without representation Parliament is not Imperial The strongest language comes out in this document The ask for help from the king Thomas Jefferson and James Wilson o Argue the colonies are not subject to parliament but to the king and Americans have the right to govern themselves o Parliament cannot pass the intolerable acts and they need not obey King George I The first step is to reject parliament, the next step is to reject the King The king reads the documents from the colonies and is furious. He states that this is only fixable by war. Boston is placed from the King to be in a state of rebellion. King George is not willing to compromise. During all this time, militia have been mobilizing. Lexington/Concord (April 19, 1775) British planned to take the supplies at Concord o Gun powder The Patriots get wind of this and mobilize a militia British - 74 killed, more wounded and 23 missing 93 colonists killed, wounded or missing The British and anyone else in the world had no doubt in their minds that the British would win the war Second Continental Congress Meets starting May 10, 1775 in Philadelphia Has no legal authority, no resources and no choice The congress assumes the role of a revolutionary government George Washington named Commander in Chief of the Continental Army The colonies are still separate and are just a resistance so far They needed an army to represent everyone across all of the colonies Paper Money, opened negotiations with other countries like France and the Netherlands Washington was a great choice for commander, pressure is off of Massachusetts. He keeps the south and north colonies united. A great leader but not a great soldier. He had personality for leadership. Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill) This battle was fought outside of Boston. Reed's Hill was the where the most action was. The day before this battle, the Americans fortified the higher ground in front of Boston. Both sides are ready to fight. "Do not fire until you can see the white in their eyes" they waited until the British were within 15-20 paces of the Americans and opened fire. They did this twice and were extremely effective. Thomas Paine and Common Sense In order for Congress to declare Independence, the people must be behind the matter. Common Sense was written January 9th, 1776. It was first came out in Philadelphia. He rejects the divine right of kings. Kings can be wrong and can make mistakes. He stated that King George III was bullying the colony and very wrong about the colonists. He also stated that America would be more prosperous without King George III. The heavy mercantilism was holding the colonists back. There were about 150,000 copies sold instantly and was read aloud in bigger cities. The pamphlet was passed on to more than just the people who read the book. The debate for independence begins after Common Sense was written. April 20th, 1776 the Virginia House of Burgesses decided to tear all ties with Britain. June 7th, 1776 Richard Henry Lee decided there must be a Declaration Committee? They were R. R. Livingston, Roger Sherman, Thomas Jefferson, John Hancock and Benjamin Franklin. The primary author was Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson decided to write the Declaration rather than John Adams. July 2, 1776 The date the second continental Congress votes for Independence. 12 of 13 colonies vote for independence, New York did not vote. New York will be a British strong point throughout the Revolution. July 4th, 1776 The Declaration of Independence was signed, one of the most important documents in the U.S. behind the constitution. John Locke - revolt against the government. King George III was responsible for all of the colonies grievances. This was a document that was written to be read out loud. It was impressive as a list of grievances. After the document was signed, a few people went back to Britain. The resources from Britain seem never ending. It seems that compared to the colonies, Britain had more men, supplies, a better government, more experienced soldiers. The British also have the world's greatest navy, the colonists had no navy. Britain had loyalists support from the colonists throughout the war. These people would help Britain any way they can. About 20% of the colonists were loyalists. They would spy for the British, gjve supplies and willingly lend their home for them to stay in. Britains disadvantages They were on the colonist's soil and away from their own. It takes several months to ship in ships of supplies and men. They were a large mercenary army. Most of the army consisted of Germans. This was a disadvantage of Britain because the soldiers lacked a passion for war, most of them were in it for the money.
Find millions of documents here - Study Guides, Homework Solutions, Papers, Exam Answer Keys and more.
Course Hero has millions of course related materials that will enable you to learn better, faster and get an A in all your courses.
Below is a small sample set of documents:
The French and Indian War 1754
Path: Texas A&M >> HIST >> 105 Spring, 2008
Path: Texas A&M >> HIST >> 105 Spring, 2008
Path: Texas A&M >> HIST >> 105 Spring, 2008
Path: Texas A&M >> HIST >> 105 Spring, 2008
Path: Texas A&M >> HIST >> 105 Spring, 2008
Path: Texas A&M >> HIST >> 105 Spring, 2008
Path: Texas A&M >> HIST >> 105 Spring, 2008
Path: Texas A&M >> HIST >> 105 Spring, 2008
Path: Texas A&M >> HIST >> 105 Spring, 2008
Path: Texas A&M >> HIST >> 105 Spring, 2008
Path: Texas A&M >> HIST >> 105 Spring, 2008
Path: Texas A&M >> HIST >> 105 Spring, 2008
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 207 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> CAEN >> 101 Summer, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 206 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 206 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 206 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 206 Fall, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> POLS >> 206 Fall, 2007
Path: Colorado >> ENVS >> 1000 Spring, 2008
Path: Colorado >> PHIL >> 1000 Spring, 2008
Path: Colorado >> PHIL >> 1000 Spring, 2008
Path: Colorado >> PHIL >> 1000 Spring, 2008
Path: Colorado >> PHIL >> 1000 Spring, 2008
Path: Texas A&M >> ENGL >> 104 Spring, 2006
Path: Texas A&M >> ENGL >> 104 Spring, 2006
Path: Texas A&M >> MEEN >> 227 Spring, 2006
Path: Texas A&M >> GEOL >> 404 Spring, 2007
Path: Texas A&M >> ENGL >> 104 Spring, 2006
Path: University of Iowa >> ECON >> 06E:001:AA Spring, 2008
Path: University of Iowa >> ECON >> 06E:001:AA Spring, 2008
Path: University of Iowa >> ECON >> 06E:001:AA Spring, 2008
Path: University of Iowa >> ECON >> 06E:001:AA Spring, 2008
Path: University of Iowa >> ECON >> 06E:001:AA Spring, 2008