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Chapter4notes[1] Texas A&M POLS 207
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  • Title: Chapter4notes[1]
  • Type: Notes
  • School: Texas A&M
  • Course: POLS 207
  • Term: Fall

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4 Chapter notes-Political Participation Forms of political participation o Voting (30-55%) participate by voting o Involvement in campaigns o Contacting officials or lobbying Political participation is taking part in activities related to governance. o How do you participate? Vote Work in a party office or a campaign Wear a political button, t shirt, put a bumper sticker on your car or sign in your yard Donate money to a candidate or party Write letters, email or cal officials about a particular issue affecting you Types of political activists o If you answered you do not participate you are an (inactive) o If you (vote) you are a (voting specialist) o If you answered write letters about a particular issue you are a (parochial participant)concerned about issues that directly involve them o If you took part in many different aspects you are a campaigner (vote, campaign, bumper sticker, give money, talk politics) o If you vote, letter write, or issue march you are a (communalist) o If you answered to all of them you are likely to be a (complete activist) Political activity o Inactive 22% o Voting specialists 21% o Communalists 20% o Unclassified 7% o Complete activists 11% o Campaigners 15% o Parochial participants 4% Factors affecting who votes o Many reasons why people don't vote o Socioeconomic explanations Age-young people less likely to vote than old people Income-rich people more likely to vote than poor people Race/Ethnicity White surveyed over half voted, over half of African American voted, 27% Hispanic voted Education-more educated higher chance of voting, less than a high school education lest than a quarter voted From individual to aggregate o Socio economic explanations are individual reasons why people don't vote Can tell us something about which states have higher turnout Turnout = % of those eligible to vote who do vote Other factors affecting state level turnouts o Elections by mail Since 1998 Oregon has done elections by mail Media "calls" affects turnout when there is a presidential election Registration requirements Motor Voter Laws-why is 1993 "voter registration act" a big deal? First time in federal intervention in mechanics of election States play a huge role in the way elections are conducted States with large Hispanic populations have relatively low turnout States with high white populations have higher turnout Why does voter turnout matter? o Paradox of the Texas republican party 30% is key Below 30% Republicans have an advantage Over30% democrats have the advantage There are more democrats in Texas however this part of the population does not vote being Hispanic and younger, republicans do better when less people vote Political Culture o Represents a shared set of norms and values about politics in particular Aspects, attitudes, beliefs o Elections are the primary mechanism for expressing attitudes and beliefs about governments Elazar's classification o 3 types of political culture (1966) Basis of religious background, ethnic, migration o Moralistic (Minnesota liberals)-characterizes belief that government and politics aim for the general good and welfare-politics and government are seen as a means to achieve the collective good o Individualistic(every man for himself) Just another way to get things done for yourself, own economic and social interest More tolerant (it's a business) o Traditionalistic(Texas conservatives)-politics and government is dominated by elites Rural, agriculture, power was held by tradition of elite o Chapter 4 Notes Continued! Political Culture, Participation and voting Main Lecture Topics 1. Impact of Political Culture 2. Popular Participation 2.Role of state Govt. in elections Elazar's Classification Why Political Culture matters Criticism of Elazar's Classification Impressionistic Observation of regional patterns, not true cultural divisions variation. regional Room for difference. States next to each other tend to be similar. Most states have more than one political culture. There are all three types of political culture in Texas. Political culture will keep coming back, understand it. PAGE 16 GRAPH READ AND KNOW IT! Two important points Comments of attitude of public representatives. Degree of political competition. States and Elections US constitution and voting "The electors in each state shall have THE QUALIFICATIONS REQUISITE for electors for the most numerous branch of the state legislature" - Article 1, US Const States control elections through ballot regulation States impose different regulations on elections. It's up to state for choice ballot. 2000 pres election. Regulations reinforce political culture. This leads o 50 diff. elections codes. A state can reinforce its political culture by regulating which parties' nominees appear on the ballot. Party in power is usually the result of favorably electoral conditions o Minor or third parties face institutional barriers. Florida Independent candidates must collect over 100,000 signatures. A changing electorate In the past, states controlled not only which parties appeared on the ballot, but who could vote. Voter registration restrictions have declined, but voter registration still matters. Try to know where particular voters live. Many states require 30 days registration prior to vote. A legacy of restricting voter registration in Texas. 1902-1964 (1966) Poll Tax o Made to keep poor farmers from voting. 1964 24th amendment passed, abolish poll taxes. 2.4 million People paid the tax `64. 4 million registered to vote in '68. 1923-1945 "White Primary" in '35 Supreme Court ruled, the court said they can discriminate. Until 1970's property requirements were in place. Hurt certain persons with no property. 1966-71 Annual registration system. Required everyone to re-register to vote every year. 1972 Progressive Permanent Registration System Presently requires registration 30 days before election. All these things successfully restricted voter registration which may be why turnout in Texas is lower than elsewhere in the country. Popular Participation Public opinion State legislators have relatively little info regarding citizen opinion, therefore, they must respond to cues regarding citizen opinion. In general politicians do respond the general trend of public opinion in a state. E-Democracy: Fact or Fiction? Internet Voting Maryland's Red Bridge one example for government to get the public opinion. Online! Online polls! Protest as Participation Organized protest does not have to be violent. Marches, Demonstrations, disruptions, civil disobedience forms of political activity. Do they work? It depends. Target the people who can have authority to change their opinion. Often fail because they target the wrong group. Women in state politics Why were women traditionally less likely than men to be involved in politics o Socialization o Child-care responsibilities o Low `status' education, jobs. Women are doing well to participate in state-wide office. Men vs. Women o A reference to differences between men and women in political views, party affiliations and voting choices. o Women more than men tend to be democratic. Policy making differences o Both men & women support feminist positions, but women more likely to make women's issues a #1 priority o Women may approach solutions differently than men. "Greedy Geezers" vs. "Selfish GenXer's" Generational Gap o A reference to differences between you and old in political views and policy preferences Senior Power hard to get elected without them Different policy agendas o Economic issues o Non-economic domestic issues Youth: Education Environment, Crime, Moral Issues Elderly: Health Care, Social services, crime, moral issues

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