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HashimotoE_JohnstonM
Course: ATMS 111, Fall 2009School: Washington
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DuetoGlobalWarming MikeJohnston BiologicalImpactsonCoralReefs EvanHashimoto CoralReefs CoralReefNotes Coralareaverydelicatepartoftheocean,and areverycrucialorganismsthatplayan importantroleinoceanecosystems.This organismisverysensiFvetotemperature change,whichmakesitveryvulnerableto globalwarming. Imagefrom: hIp://www.solcomhouse.com/images/ coral_reef_florida.jpg. OverviewofCoralBleaching...
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DuetoGlobalWarming
MikeJohnston BiologicalImpactsonCoralReefs EvanHashimoto
CoralReefs
CoralReefNotes
Coralareaverydelicatepartoftheocean,and areverycrucialorganismsthatplayan importantroleinoceanecosystems.This organismisverysensiFvetotemperature change,whichmakesitveryvulnerableto globalwarming. Imagefrom: hIp://www.solcomhouse.com/images/ coral_reef_florida.jpg.
OverviewofCoralBleaching
Coralbleachingiscaused whenzooxanthellae,a microscopicorganismthat livesincoralwitha mutualisFcrelaFonship,is expelledfromthecoraldue toincreasedocean temperature.
Anincreaseinwatertemperaturecausesalgaearoundthecoraltoincreaserate ofPhotosynthesis,eventuallytogrowrapidlyandcoverthecoral.Zooxanthellae needsunlightforphotosynthesis,andthecoralneedstoprotectitsouterFssue. Thelackofsunlightandgrowthofalgaecausesthecoraltoexpelitszooxanthellae. Theexpulsionofzooxanthellaeiswhatmakesthecoralchangetoawhitecolor.
OverviewNotes
Coralbleachingisthebleachingofcoralbytheexpulsionofzooxanthellae. ZooxanthellaehasanessenFalmutualisFcrelaFonshipwithcoral.Whenthe temperatureoftheoceanaroundthecoralreefsincreasesonlybyafewdegrees, thealgaearoundthecoralreefincreasesitsphotosynthesisoutput.Thiscausesthe algaetobegintoovertakeandcoverthecoral,whichcausesthecoraltoexpelthe zooxanthellaetoprotectitsownFssuewhichinturn"bleaches"thecoral. Imagefrom: hIp://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/__data/assets/image/0006/13749/Bleachingand mortalitydia.gif:AustralianGovernment. Textfrom:hIp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=hIp://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/ __data/assets/image/0006/13749/Bleachingandmortality dia.gif&imgrefurl=hIp://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/key_issues/ climate_change/climate_change_and_the_great_barrier_reef/ what_is_coral_bleaching&usg=__nWByfzLU_0uoNGjRVbcPTqTrN1w=&h=324&w=5 50&sz=24&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=YnCjW2R_vQoZXM:&tbnh=78&tbnw=133&prev= AustralianGovernment /images%3Fq%3Dcoral%2Bbleaching%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG: Textfrom:RoughGuidetoClimateChange.RobertHenson.2ndEdiFon2008
DistribuFonofCoralBleaching
ThismapshowsadistribuFonofglobalcoralbleaching,shownbythereddots.This distribuFonshowscoralisconcentratedinthetropics,aroundtheequator,andin shallowwateroffcoastlines,wherethewatertemperatureisbetween75to80 degreesFahrenheit.
CoralBleachingDistribuFonNotes
ThisslideshowsdistribuFonofthecoralbleachingthat isoccurringworldwide.Thismapshowsthatcoral typicallygrowsinshallow,warmwatermostlyinthe tropics,veryclosetoshore.Thismapstronglyshows thatcoralisalreadybeginningtoshowsignsofloss. Imagefrom: hIp://earthtrends.wri.org/images/ coral_bleaching_severe.jpg.WorldResourceinsFtute. Textfrom:hIp://www.enchantedlearning.com/ biomes/coralreef/coralreef.shtml
GlobalOceanTemperature
Thisimageshowstheglobaloceantemperatures.Notethatthe distribuFonofthewatertemperatureisverysimilartothatofthe distribuFonofcoralbleaching.Thisprovesa...
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Washington - ATMS - 111
ImportanceHimalayan Glacier Before & After Retreat & EffectsGlaciersStephanie Hughes 0633044 Causes Jerome Bediones 0632378EffectsImportanceProvides 1/6 of the world's population with fresh water for drinking and growing crops Farmers depend
Washington - ATMS - 111
Weather Prediction and Chaos"Why is the weather so hard to predict?"Scott JankeHow Weather Prediction Works today:Meteorologists use equations derived from natural laws to create a model to approximate the behavior of the atmosphere Pennsylvani
Washington - ATMS - 111
By John JinnemanSome Effects of Global Warming on Salmon Global Warming will: Increase stream and river water temperatures resultingin adult salmon dying before spawning, increase in mortality of early hatching fry, and a decrease in the sustai
Washington - ATMS - 111
Decreased Snowpack and the Columbia River: Impacts on the Pacific Northwestwww.wikipedia.orgJessica Jungwirth Atms Sci 111 AC Yearly mountain snowpack levels are sensitive to precipitation and temperature Rising temperatures caused by global wa
Washington - ATMS - 111
Volcanoes and Climate ChangeBy Anneka Kielman Section AGWhat happens when a volcano erupts?Image from Solcomhouse.Hampton University, Center for Atmospheric Sciences They release large clouds into the air which contain ash and sulfuric gases
Washington - ATMS - 111
Global warming's effect on Washington ski resortsGeneva McQueen The Oregon State University reports a warming of 3.5 degrees in the next four decades. Per Anne Nolin, a professor in the Department of Geosciences at Oregon State University "This r
Washington - ATMS - 111
Threats to Coral Reefs due to Global Climate ChangeBy Sydney Menenberg and Brandon Mezistrano#0724590 and #0721157*NOTE**KEY CONCEPTS/IDEAS TO TAKE AWAY ARE NOTED IN REDCoral Reefs are of Environmental and Human ValueRichest ecosystem in b
Washington - ATMS - 111
Melting Ice SheetsJake NeupertOverviewGreenland and Antarctica's Ice sheet account for the vast majority of Earth's fresh water supply. This water supply is the accumulation of snow and ice over thousands of years. The Ice sheet itself can be
Washington - ATMS - 111
Global Warming Impact on WildlifeBy Lauren PenticuffAnimals Adapting to Climate Change Changes in marmot hibernation Migrating fish species Seals and Polar bears Species becoming extinctNotes Marmots ending hibernation three weeks earlier t
Washington - ATMS - 111
Example of a bright yellow PolypAreas such as the Great Barrier Reef are habitats for many wildlife and organisms. It receives the right amount of ocean temp. and sunlight. Made up of Polyps which are tentacled animals that connect to the r
Washington - ATMS - 111
Sea Levels Are on a RiseSection AC1Both graphs show an increase in sea level.2 The top graph shows the level of sea water from 1840 until 2007. The graph showsthat the sea level has been on a steady rise. Around 1950 the sea level started
Washington - ATMS - 111
Changing IceCollin Steranka Isaac DesautelsCryosphereContinental Ice Sheets a vast expanse of ice which completely covers all underlying terrain Sea Ice Ice formed from ocean water that freezes Glaciers a large, slow-moving mass of ice, formed
Washington - ATMS - 111
Coral BleachingSylvia Heller Section AHLife In the Reef Coral in a symbiotic relationship with a photosynthetic microalgal called zooxanthellae Zooxanthellae provides nutrients to coral via photosynthesisSchmidt. Charles W., "In Hot Water: Gl
Washington - ATMS - 111
KYOTO PROTOCOLUm, RothanaOVERVIEW Kyoto, Japan, December 1997 37 Industrialized Nations The Developed vs. The Developing Carbon MarketThe Kyoto Protocol was established in 1997 over an 11 day period, when over 130 plus nations met in Kyoto,
Washington - ATMS - 111
Contributions to Global Warming from Richard Lindzenby: Kyle Yonich(picture: alumweb.mit.edu)Lindzen's Beliefs On Global Warming The cause of global warming is unknown Most climate scientists will concur that the globalaverage surface tempera
Washington - ATMS - 111
Hot & HungryGlobalWarming/FoodSupply/Agriculture Katy AckerTuesday, February 24, 2009Tuesday, February 24, 2009Slide One NotesI REALIZE THAT THE VIDEO DOES NOT SHOW, BECAUSETHE FILE HAS TO BE SAVED AS A "PDF". IN MY REAL PRESENTATION IT PLAY
Washington - ATMS - 111
Public Misconceptions on Global Warmingby: David Biehn 0940740Myth: The hole in the ozone layer causes global warmingTaken from http:/ oceanworld.tamu. edu/ The hole causes extra UV radiation to reachthe Earth's surface, but it does not affec
Washington - ATMS - 111
2003 European Heat WaveBy: Sean Campbell ATMS 111 02/23/2009WhatisaHeatWave? The World Meteorological Organization defines a heat wave as a length of five or more consecutive days of heat exceeding the average maximum temperature of the area by 5
Washington - ATMS - 111
THE PALEOCLIMATEBy Nick CecilWhat is the Paleoclimate?The term `Paleoclimate' refers to the climate of the Earth over its entire 4.6 billion year history.Notes for Slide 1 Read definition (in a real presentation, the def'n would not initial
Washington - ATMS - 111
Biological Impacts(Loss of species/biodiversity)Kam-Fai ChanFive Major ExtinctionsOrdovicianSilurian (O-S): Eliminated brachiopods and conodonts. Late Devonian (Late D): Eliminated about 70% of all species, lasted for 20 million years. Permian-T
Washington - ATMS - 111
by Colleen Rich, ID# 0832136Weather Extremes Due to Global WarmingThere is no evidence to support that global warming causes the weather extremes we see today. El Nino is not linked to Global Warming. It occurs separately from it.Notes
Washington - ATMS - 111
Nitrous OxideDavid Pervere Section: AA12 In this graph: X-Axis: Wavelength of radiation measured in micrometers. Y-Axis: Absorptivity, Ranges from 0 to 1 for each gas. Nitrous Oxide: Shows no absorption in either the Ultraviolet, Visi
Washington - ATMS - 111
By Annie Feng & Ho Ying TsuiSource: http:/tdaait.wordpress.com/2008/04/01/10-solar-facts-and-such/Non-Carbon Energy ProspectsThree major types of non-carbon energies are: Solar energy Wind energy Nuclear powerFactors effecting the renewable
Washington - ATMS - 111
Carbon Sequestrationby Jonathan FowlerWhat is Carbon Sequestration?CO2 accumulating at 4-6 Pg per year Sequestration mitigates accumulation Significant sequestration at 0.5Pg per year Not a "cure" for Global Warming Useful tool in curbing Glob
Washington - ATMS - 111
Agriculture: Effected by Anthropogenic Global WarmingJessica Gutierrez-Parker Cris SpositoNegative EffectsDecreased water availability leads to reductions in crop yields in most tropical/sub-tropical regions Possible increase in pests More wild f
Washington - ATMS - 111
Bleaching of Coral Reefsby Kelsey HelmsSources: picture: http:/www.bestoday.com.au/billylids/archives/storytime/2.phpQ: What occurs to make the coral appear white? A: Less pigmentation makes the tissues translucent, letting the skeleton show th
Washington - ATMS - 111
Carbon SequestrationRyan Hunter ID# 0828438What is Carbon Sequestration? Definition of sequestration: to set apart Carbon sequestration is storing atmospheric CO2 that is removed from the atmosphere or before it enters the atmosphere. The two p
Washington - ATMS - 111
Threat to Coral ReefsAlyssa Jensen #0825680 Anthony Jensen #0625253Biology of Coral Reefs/BleachingCalcium based that form on ocean coasts or islands Only live in clear, sunlight, shallow water of tropical regions Cover 10,000 square miles of th
Washington - ATMS - 111
Current Scenarios and Forecasts- Temperature & Sea-level riseATMS 111 0832343Kawon K. ParkRelationship among Global warming, temperature rise, and sea-level rise. Global warming is causing the sea levels to rise in two main ways. First, when
Washington - ATMS - 111
Cascade Snow PackJeremy McManus Reid Mortimer(http:/www.uoregon.edu/~efoitle/mountainranges/mtnpage.htm)The Importance of Snow Pack Glacial runoff is extremely important to Summertime water supply Hydroelectric power Ice-Albedo feedbackhttp
Washington - ATMS - 111
Myth of BiofuelsPhotograph from biofuelcropsfederation.orgBy: Cynthia MeadowsReadBiofuels: Good or Bad?Higher focus on biofuels exposes good and bad BAD: Food cropbased biofuels destroys grasslands, rainforests, etc. in Brazil, Southeast Asi
Washington - ATMS - 111
Global Warming and the WalrusMika Van Winkle Kimberly MerrellSea IceSea Ice is "frozen seawater that floats on the ocean surface" and affects both human and animal biological ecosystems.Sea Ice Notes This graph shows the depletion of sea ice i
Washington - ATMS - 111
Effect of Global Warming On OceansTim Nichols- 0626172Sea Level RiseThis chart shows that the most dramatic sea level rise has not yet taken place, as the Antarctic Ice Sheet has large mass which has not yet resulted in sea level rise.National
Washington - ATMS - 111
Alternative and Renewable EnergyChristopher Nicholson section: AD Last 4 # of SIN: 5001Current Primary Energy SourcesCurrent Primary Energy Sources The pie chart on the left depicts global sources of energy use. Notice how the majority of energ
Washington - ATMS - 111
PNW OrcasAnd the Affects of Climate ChangeHeather Pierce-Maiani Section AHDeclining Populations: Various Causes Pollution (specifically, toxic) Decrease in salmon population Boat traffic Sea Level Rise Ocean AcidificationAll three of
Washington - ATMS - 111
THE HUMAN IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMINGBy, Mie-Seon Srein Section ACWhat are the impacts? Health: spread of various diseases Agriculture and the Global Food Supply: loss of arable land and reduced crop yields Water: reduction of fresh water supply
Washington - ATMS - 111
Volcanoes and ClimateBy Tan Jian Xiong, JesperVolcanoesMolten rock released from beneath the Earth to surface through crackVolcanoes can form in: - Continental Ridge - Subduction ZonesNotes Volcanoes can be found in many regions of the world.
Washington - ATMS - 111
Info slide #1 Coral reefs are some of the most diverse and important habitats on earth (1) (Informa8on for Ac8on.) Second only to rainforests in the number of species (2) Coral covers less than 1% of the world's total area (1) Accoun8ng f
Washington - ATMS - 111
What you need to know!Formation of a HurricaneUncertainties on Oceanic Warming Oceanic warming is uncertain. 1) Wind circulation patterns play a role. 2) Oceanic currents 3) Global warming effecting ocean temperatureAs world gets warmer so d
Washington - ATMS - 111
Global warming impact on salmonBy Pailin WongchaikunakornSalmon's life cycleSource : http:/www.fishex.com/seafood/salmon/salmon-life-cycles.html Notes for slide 1 The salmon life cycle occurs in a chain of connected environments: stream,
Washington - ATMS - 111
Northwestern United States Hydrological CycleBy: Connie Yan and Jonathan YourzakAbout the Article Concludes that changes in the hydrological cycle of the western U.S. from 1950-1999 are due to anthropological forces, not natural variability. Use
Washington - ATMS - 111
http:/keetsa.com/blog/wpcontent/uploads/2007/11/greencarswithgrasson top_69.jpgHow much CO2 do humans give off through methods of transportation and how does that contribute to global warming? http:/www.umich.edu/~gs2 65/society/greenhouse.htm
Washington - ATMS - 111
Cascade Snow PackBy Meg Coyne and Allison BlondenIs the Cascade snowpack decreasing?Cliff Mass vs. Alan Hamlet Future decrease onsnowpack is inevitablePercentage change from the 1961-90baseline in the April 1 snowpack in four areas of the west
Washington - ATMS - 111
+Effects of Global Warming on Agriculture in AfricaSarah Bohannon Lauren Colyer+Figure of Climate Change"Temperature Anomaly" depicted of dramatic increase in temperatures+Notes For Slide 1The figure displays the temperature changes for
Washington - ATMS - 111
N i c ol e ( C h e n g ) C h a n \ I D # 06 3 371 9BIOLOGICAL IMPACT ON TROPICAL SPECIESDanger of losing bio-diversity & species in the tropicals What is biodiversity again? Life, the world, the variation of life for the entire globe. How much di
Washington - ATMS - 111
Coral BleachingAnn-Tin Cheng, ID#0628482 Cathy Wu, ID#0633019CausesCauses1. Elevated/ Decreased Sea Water Temperature 2. Solar Irradiance 3. Subaerial Exposure 4. SedimentationRegionsImpacts5. Fresh Water Dilution 6. Inorganic Nutrients 7
Washington - ATMS - 111
Hurricanes and Climate ChangeLeighAnne ChungNOTESRead to class definition of hurricane taken from dictionary.com. Source: Fisher, Eric. How Does a Hurricane Form? 2000. 21 February 2009. <http:/www.abc40tv.com/Global/story.asp?S=8879535>In orde
Washington - ATMS - 111
Global Warming and its Relation to Disease By Elizabeth Fenton Section AAFigure adapted from: Google ImageNotes It is important not only to understand how global warming will impact the climate system, but it is also very key to look at the e
Washington - ATMS - 111
Species and BiodiversityBy: Kar-Sing Yeung and Chase Frisk1Figure 4.42Lets begin with the upper limits of this graph. At 3.5 degrees of warming 50% of nature reserves cannot fulfill their objectives. 30-40% of 277 mammals at risk of extinct
Washington - ATMS - 111
The Kyoto ProtocolBy: George HamiltonWhat is the Kyoto Protocol? It's a United Nations-sponsored agreement among nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2012. The Kyoto Protocol was finalized in 1997 after years of negotia
Washington - ATMS - 111
EXTREME WEATHER IMPACTSBy Elena HansenExtreme Weather Defined:Increasing dramatic weather catastrophes are due to an increase in the number of severe events and population densities, which increase the number of people affected and damage caused
Washington - ATMS - 111
OceansThe Effects of Climate Change on Coral ReefsColleen Heyler Section ACOcean Chemistry Constantly changing chemistry, with waters soaking up large amounts of carbon dioxideoceans become more acidic When CO2 combines with H2O, carbonic acid
Washington - ATMS - 111
The Effects of Heat, Drought, Sea Level and Carbon Fertilization on AgricultureCreated By: Judy Khammungkhune Section: AB Winter 2009The Effects of Heat on AgricultureCrops and plants produced throughout the country heavily depend on the fl
Washington - ATMS - 111
The effects of global warming on algae blooms/red tideShelby Li Roger SarkisEstuarial Blooms-Slide 1 contains satellite images of estuarial blooms occurring in the pacific northwest. 1). Top: an estuarial bloom in a region north of Vancouver, B
Washington - ATMS - 111
Ice AgesBy Brock McNairy and Kara DunnWhat is an Ice Age?An ice age is characterized by a long period of time where the surface and atmospheric temperatures of Earth are reduced, leading to the advance of continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets,
Washington - ATMS - 111
Lydia Minehan-TubicCattle produce about 20% of the Worlds Methane out put It is estimated that Cattle emit almost 100 million tons of methane into the atmosphere each year Much of the worlds rainforest destruction is due to the clearing of land for
Washington - ATMS - 111
James Hansen:Climate Change Expert by Casey Seeger, ID # 0840733Background Education University of Iowa B.A. in physics and mathematics M.S. in astronomy PhD in physics Current Positions Adjunct professor, Columbia University NASA Goddard
Washington - ATMS - 111
Coming Out On Top:Balancing Chinas Development with Global ConcernsDarren StultsIntroductory Notes"Coming out on top" is a pun that describes the presentation: 1) China is "coming out" in the sense that it is quickly developing and opening
Washington - ATMS - 111
Ocean Acidification and its Negative Impacts on Coral ReefsJamie Thornton ID# 0728148 Gavin Calciano ID# 0531424 Section AFCarbon Cycle and its Impact on the OceanThis graph represents the earth's carbon cycle. There are four major areas where ca