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Tuesley,M
Course: ATMS 111, Fall 2009School: Washington
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PioneeroftheGreenhouseEffect By:MadelineTuesley JohnTyndall JohnTyndall Intro Briefbackground Notes1 JohnTyndallwasarevoluConaryatmosphericscienCst,whowas instrumentalinthedevelopmentofwhatwenowcallthegreenhouse effect.Hisresearchofradiantheatanddiscoveryofgasseswhichhavea highrateofabsorpConwerethecornerstonesofmodernresearchand developmentofglobalwarming....
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PioneeroftheGreenhouseEffect
By:MadelineTuesley
JohnTyndall
JohnTyndall Intro Briefbackground
Notes1
JohnTyndallwasarevoluConaryatmosphericscienCst,whowas instrumentalinthedevelopmentofwhatwenowcallthegreenhouse effect.Hisresearchofradiantheatanddiscoveryofgasseswhichhavea highrateofabsorpConwerethecornerstonesofmodernresearchand developmentofglobalwarming. JohnTyndallwasanIrishscienCstinthemid1800s.Bythemid1860s JohnTyndallhadpublished17sciencebooksandhadbecomeoneofthe world'smostfamousphysicists.Hisbooksbroughtsciencetothemasses inawaythatallpeoplecouldunderstandandlearnthecomplicated material.
"Thesolarheatpossesses...thepowerofcrossinganatmosphere;but,whenthe heatisabsorbedbytheplanet,itissochangedinqualitythattheraysemanaCng fromtheplanetcannotgetwiththesamefreedombackintospace.Thusthe atmosphereadmitsoftheentranceofthesolarheat,butchecksitsexit;andthe resultisatendencytoaccumulateheatatthesurfaceoftheplanet."-- Tyndall(OxfordUniversityPress,1998)
RadiantHeat
Instrument Process Discoveries firstraCospectrophotometer
aninstrumentthatmeasuresandstudies theelectromagneCcspectrum,infrared radiaCon
Notes2
InstrumentTyndallusedthefirstraCospectrophotometer(picturedon previousslide)forhisexperimentequipment.Thisinstrumentconsistedofa longtubethatwascappedatbothends,throughwhichvariousgasseswere released.ThenradiaConwasemi^edintothetubetointeractwiththegasses. TheinstrumentthenmeasuredtemperatureandtheintensityoftheradiaCon (OxfordUniversityPress,1998) ProcessTyndallwasfocusedonresearchingradiantheatandtheabsorpCon ofradiaConbygases.Tyndalltestedmanygassesfromwatervaportocarbonic acid.HewastesCngtofindtheabsorpConcapaciCesofeachgas. DiscoveriesTyndalldiscoveredthatelementarygasessuchashydrogen, ("ContribuCons...Radiantheat".Tyndall)Howeverwatervaporandcarbon nitrogenandoxygenabsorpConabiliCescouldhardlyevenbemeasured. provedtohavehighabsorpConratesandwereabletoholdandtransmitthe radiaCon.ThuscreaCngwhatwenowcallthegreenhouseeffect.Although, interesCnglyenough,attheCmethesurfacewarmingoftheearthbyradiaCon wasviewedasaposiCvethingthatwasnecessaryforthevegetaCononearth. GrantedthiswasbeforetheIndustrialrevoluConanditseffectsonthe environmenthadcomeintoplay.
RelevancetoToday
TheimportanceofJohnTyndall'sdiscoveries
Notes3
TodaythetopicofglobalwarminghasbecomesoprevalentitisapoliCcal, social,andenvironmentalissue.Everyoneistryingtounderstandthe theoryandfigureoutwaystocontrolit.ButwithoutJohnTyndall's experimentsandfindingsinthemid1800sawarenessandknowledgeof thisprocesswouldnothavebeenavailable.Isitpossiblethatanother scienCstwouldhavemadethesediscoveries?Yes,buttherealquesConis, wouldithavebeentoolate?Makingthesediscoveriesinthemid1800s, duringthebirthoftheindustrialrevoluCongavefutureatmospheric scienCstandphysicistsCmetoexperimentandresearchfurtherto understandtheconceptsofthesurfacewarmingoftheearththrough radiaCon.
WorkCited
"ContribuConstomolecularphysicsinthedomainofradiantheat"by: JohnTyndall.NewYork.May1872 h^p://books.google.com/books? hl=en&lr=&id=nO8OAAAAYAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=john+tyndall +heat&ots=FpjbSh1MYc&sig=Ox67vJi7voz3se_Dr7KFlF7J3xE#PPR4,M1) RodgerFleming,HistoricalPerspec5vesonClimateChange(NewYorkand Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1998). hIp://www.tyndall.ac.uk/general/history/JTyndall_biog_doc.pdf Wikipedia.com GoogleScholar
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