THREE EXAM STUDY GUIDE by Sarah Templeton CHAPTERS 11-14 This study guide is merely a guide to help organize some of the main themes or ideas within the chapters. This is by no means a complete guide to the test and it does not include some of the important topics covered in class. Thus, this study guide is designed to augment your notes and reading and help provide an organizational framework to aid your memory as you prepare for the exam, however, it is not to be considered a comprehensive review or a substitute for your notes. Chapter 11 Be able to define and recognize examples of personality traits and understand the difference between a state and a trait. Be familiar with McCrae and Costa's Five-Factor model. Know Freud's theory of personality. Be able to distinguish between the id, ego, and superego and how they are related to one another. Know the levels of awareness and Freud's beliefs on sex and aggression. Be familiar with the different types of defense mechanisms and what purpose they serve. Be able to recognize examples of them in action. Know the psychosexual stages and the theorized long term effects from difficulty at any of these stages. What is behaviorism? Compare and contrast Skinner's, Bandura's, and Mischel's theories. What do these theories say about personality? How is this different from the Psychoanalytic Approach? What is humanism? Be able to recognize a humanistic perspective on personality. Be familiar with Maslow's hierarchy, how it works to explain human functioning, and what is associated with each level. What is the primary focus of the Biological Perspective? Be familiar with Eysenck's Theory. What does the research on twins suggest about personality? What is terror management theory? Chapter 12 What is the primary focus of Health Psychology? What is stress and how is it subjective?
What are the four principal types of stress? What are the three types of conflict? What are some common emotional reactions related to stress? What are the effects of emotional arousal on stress and how is this related to task performance? What are the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome? What are some behavioral responses to stress? How is learned helplessness related to this? What are some constructive coping mechanisms? How about some indicators of bad coping skills? What complications it make difficult for some people to stop using destructive coping skills and start using more adaptive ones? What are the effects of stress on the heart? What does the research say about Type-A and Type-B personalities in relation to stress and health? What is the role of hostility in these theories? What effect do emotions and emotional responses to stress have on heart disease? How does stress affect the immune system? What are some of the findings on social support and optimism in relation to stress? Chapter 13 What is the medical model and how has it affected the treatment of those who suffer from mental illness? Be able to identify the criteria used to determine abnormal behavior. Understand the meaning of the "continuum of mental illness" that is frequently described in class. What is the diagnostic tool currently used for psychological disorders? Know the multiaxial system and what each axis is used for. Be familiar with all of the disorders generally as well as the specific disorders and their markers. For example, what are mood disorders and what distinguishes major depressive disorder from bipolar disorder? (Do this for each section of disorders) Know the etiology of each of the disorders. Chapter 14 What are the three major approaches to treatment of psychological disorders?
What does the research say on why people delay seeking treatment for psychological disorders? List and define the different types of professionals who provide treatment. What are the goals and techniques of psychoanalysis? What are resistance and transference? What are the goals and techniques of client centered therapy? What is the main emphasis of this type of therapy? What are some important factors in the success of group therapy? What does the research say about the effectiveness of insight therapies? What are some of the common factors among the various insight therapies? What is the primary focus of behavior therapy? How are systematic desensitization and aversion therapy related to this focus? How are cognitive-behavioral treatments different from behavioral therapy? Be familiar with what biomedical treatment is as well as the variety of drugs that are used and what disorders they are used in. What is ECT and what is it used for? What are some of the findings on multiculturalism and therapy?