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3100 BCMB - Chapter 22 Translation translation Genetic code tRNA Amino acyl tRNA Ribosomes Initiation Elongation Termination How is the nucleotide code translated into a protein code? translation DNA RNA protein transcription 5'_____UCA_____3' NH2_____Ser_____COO????? Adapter Molecule Hypothesis (Crick, 1958) 1 mRNA protein (codon) adapter molecule = tRNA Adapter molecule = ___________ (anticodon) (transfer RNA) ______________: relation between the sequence of bases in RNA (DNA) and the sequence of amino acids in protein. It is a three base code that is sequential, non overlapping, and degenerate. BCMB 3100 - Chapter 22 Translation translation Genetic code tRNA Amino acyl tRNA Ribosomes Initiation Elongation Termination 2 Fig 22.1 Overlapping vs nonoverlapping reading of the three-letter code NO!!!!! ***** Fig 22.22 Three reading frames of mRNA Translation of the correct message requires selection of the correct reading frame 3 Fig 22.3 Standard genetic code * * * * BCMB 3100 - Chapter 22 Translation translation Genetic code tRNA Amino acyl tRNA Ribosomes Initiation Elongation Termination 4 Fig. 22.4 Cloverleaf structure of tRNA tRNAs 73 9 - 5 nucleotides long. Anticodon base pairs with codon in mRNA. 3' end always ends in 3'ACC.......5' Amino acid is added to A at 3' end Place where amino acid will be added Fig 22.5 Tertiary structure of tRNA 5 BCMB 3100 - Chapter 22 Translation translation Genetic code tRNA Amino acyl tRNA Ribosomes Initiation Elongation Termination Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases synthesize ________________ (specific amino acid covalently attached to 3' end of specific tRNA (named as: alanyl-tRNAAla) At least 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (1 per amino acid) Each synthetase specific for a particular amino acid, but may recognize isoacceptor tRNAs 6 Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Reaction Aminoacyl-tRNAs: high-energy molecules in which the amino acid has been "activated" Activation of amino acid by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase requires ATP Amino acid + tRNA + ATP Aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP + PPi Fig 22.9 7 Fig 22.9 Note: 2 P bond equivalents! Fig 22.9 8 BCMB 3100 - Chapter 22 Translation translation Genetic code tRNA Amino acyl tRNA Ribosomes Initiation Elongation Termination Ribosomes ______________: RNA-protein complex that interacts with accessory protein factors, mRNA and charged tRNA to synthesize proteins Initiation complex: assembles at first mRNA codon; disassembles at termination step Ribosome moves 5' 3' along mRNA C direction Polypeptide synthesized in N 9 Fig 22.12 Comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes Fig 22.15 Sites for tRNA binding in ribosomes 10 BCMB 3100 - Chapter 22 Translation translation Genetic code tRNA Amino acyl tRNA Ribosomes Initiation Elongation Termination Initiation: Structure of fMet-tRNAfMet *First codon in mRNA is usually AUG *recognized by initiator tRNA *Bacteria: Nformylmethionyl tRNAfMet Eukaryotes: methionyl tRNAiMet Fig 22.16 11 Initiation Complexes Assemble at Initiation Codons In prokaryotes 30S ribosome binds to a region of the mRNA (Shine D algarno sequence; purine- r sequence) upstream of ich the initiation sequence Ribosome-binding sites at 5' end of mRNA for E. coli proteins S-D sequences (red) occur immediately upstream of initiation codons (blue) Fig 22.17 Fig 22.17 Complementary base pairing of S-D sequence 12 Initiation: formation of the prokaryotic 70S ribosome Initiation factors are required to form a complex (IF-1, IF-2, IF 3 in prokaryotes) Fig. 22.18 Fig 22.18 (cont) 13 BCMB 3100 - Chapter 22 Translation translation Genetic code tRNA Amino acyl tRNA Ribosomes Initiation Elongation Termination Elongation phase PeptidyltRNA in P site EF-Tu positions correct aminoacyl -tRNA in A site Fig 22.21 Insertion of by aa-tRNA EF-Tu during chain elongation 14 Fig 22.21 cont Note: cost of one ATP Fig 22.22 Cycling of EF-Tu-GTP 15 Fig 22.22 (cont) Formation of a peptide bond catalyzed by Peptidyl transferase (activity in large ribosomal subunit) Catalytic activity from 23S rRNA (an RNA catalyzed reaction!) Fig. 22.23 16 Fig 22.23 (cont) Translocation step: new peptidyl-tRNA moved from A site to P site; mRNA shifts by one codon Fig 22.24 17 Deaminoacylated tRNA shifts from the P site to E site (exit site) Fig 22.24 Note: cost of one ATP Fig 22.24 Binding of EF G G - - TP to ribosome completes translocation of peptidyl tRNA - 18 BCMB 3100 - Chapter 22 Translation translation Genetic code tRNA Amino acyl tRNA Ribosomes Initiation Elongation Termination Termination of Translation One of three termination codons binds to A site: UGA, UAG, UAA No tRNA molecules recognize these codons; protein synthesis stalls One of release factors (RF-1, RF-2, RF-3 in E.coli) binds and causes hydrolysis of the peptidyl-tRNA to release the polypeptide chain 19 Protein Synthesis is Energetically Expensive Four phosphoanhydride bonds cleaved for each amino acid added to polypeptide chain Amino acid activation: Two ~P bonds ATP AMP + 2 Pi 2 GDP + 2 Pi Chain elongation: Two ~P bonds 2 GTP Enjoy metabolism!!! 20 Additional Class Notes Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases Aminoacyl-tRNA - amino acids are covalently attached to the 3' end of each tRNA molecule (named as: alanyl-tRNAAla) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze reactions Most species have at least 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (1 per amino acid) Each synthetase specific for a particular amino acid, but may recognize isoacceptor tRNAs 21 Initiator tRNA First codon translated is usually AUG Each cell contains at least two methionyl-tRNAMet molecules which recognize AUG The initiator tRNA recognizes initiation codons Second tRNAMet recognizes only internal AUG Bacteria: N-formylmethionyl-tRNAfMet Eukaryotes: methionyl-tRNAiMet Initiation Complexes Assemble Only at Initiation Codons Ribosome must recognize protein synthesis start In prokaryotes, the 30S ribosome binds to a region of the mRNA (Shine-Dalgarno sequence; purine-rich sequence) upstream of the initiation sequence S-D sequence also binds to a complementary base sequence at the 3' end of the 16S rRNA Double-stranded RNA structure binds mRNA to the ribosome 22 Initiation Factors Help Form Initiation Complex Initiation factors are required to form a complex Prokaryote factors: IF-1, IF-2, IF-3 Eukaryote factors: eIFs (8 or more factors) Elongation Factors Dock an AminoacyltRNA in the A Site Bacterial elongation factor EF-Tu helps the correct aa-tRNA insert into site A An EF-Tu-GTP complex binds to all aa-tRNA molecules except fMet-tRNAfMet (initiator) A ternary complex of EF-Tu-GTP-aa-tRNA binds in the ribosomal A site If the anticodon of the aa-tRNA correctly base pairs with the mRNA codon, complex is stabilized 23 Chain Elongation is a Three-Step Microcycle The initiator tRNA is in the P site Site A is ready to receive an aminoacyl-tRNA Elongation is a three-step cycle: (1) Positioning the correct aa-tRNA in site A (2) Formation of a peptide bond (3) Shifting mRNA by one codon Peptidyl Transferase Catalyzes Peptide Bond Formation Peptidyl transferase activity is contained within the large ribosomal subunit Substrate binding site in 23S rRNA and 50S ribosomal proteins Catalytic activity from 23S rRNA (an RNA-catalyzed reaction) 24 Translocation Moves the Ribosome by One Codon Translocation step: the new peptidyl-tRNA is moved from the A site to the P site, while the mRNA shifts by one codon The deaminoacylated tRNA has shifted from the P site to the E site (exit site) Binding of EF-G-GTP to the ribosome completes translocation of peptidyl-tRNA 25
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UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB 3100 - Nucleic Acids - Chapter 19 Discovery of DNA Nucleotides, nucleosides & bases Polynucleotides DNA as genetic material Structure of double-stranded DNA Chromatin RNA Nucleases DNA is the genetic component of life Central Dogma for Biologic...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Name:_ ID #:_ BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100; Quiz, Chapters 3; August 29, 2006 Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Be concise. 1. Draw the structure of lysine at pH 1.3. (6 points) What is the net charge on Lys at pH 1.3? +2 NH3+ COOH CH CH...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Name:_ ID #:_ BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100; Quiz, Chapters 3; August 29, 2006 Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Be concise. 1. Draw the structure of lysine at pH 1.3. (6 points) What is the net charge on Lys at pH 1.3? _ 2. What amino acid ...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Name:_ ID #:_ BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100; Practice Quiz, Chapters 1-2; August 22, 2006 Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Be concise. 1. The phosphate buffer system is important for buffering intracellular pH. If the total cellular concentra...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Name:_ ID #:_ BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100; Practice Quiz, Chapters 1-2; August 22, 2006 Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Be concise. 1. The phosphate buffer system is important for buffering intracellular pH. If the total cellular concentra...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Name:_ ID #:_ BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100; Practice Quiz, Chapters 1-3; August 24, 2007 Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Be concise. 1. The phosphate buffer system is important for buffering intracellular pH. If the total cellular concentra...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Name:_ ID #:_ BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100; Practice Quiz, Chapters 1-3; August 28, 2007 Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Be concise. 1. The phosphate buffer system is important for buffering intracellular pH. If the total cellular concentra...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Name:_ ID #:_ BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100; Practice Quiz, Chapters 1-3; August 28, 2008 Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Be concise. 1. The phosphate buffer system is important for buffering intracellular pH. If the total cellular concentra...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Name:_ ID #:_ BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100; Practice Quiz, Chapters 1-3; August 28, 2008 Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Be concise. 1. The phosphate buffer system is important for buffering intracellular pH. If the total cellular concentra...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Name:_ ID #:_ BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100; Quiz, Chapters 3; September 4, 2007 Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Be concise. 1. Draw the structure of lysine at pH 1.3. (6 points) What is the net charge on Lys at pH 1.3? +2 NH3+ COOH CH ...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Name:_ ID #:_ BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100; Quiz, Chapters 3; September 4, 2007 Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Be concise. 1. Draw the structure of lysine at pH 1.3. (6 points) What is the net charge on Lys at pH 1.3? 2. What amino acid ...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Name:_ ID #:_ BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100; Quiz, Chapters 3; September 4, 2007 Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Be concise. 1. Draw the structure of lysine at pH 1.3. (6 points) What is the net charge on Lys at pH 1.3? +2 NH3+ COOH CH ...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Name:_ ID #:_ BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100; Quiz, Chapters 3; September 4, 2008 Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Be concise. 1. Draw the structure of lysine at pH 1.3. (6 points) What is the net charge on Lys at pH 1.3? 2. What amino acid ...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Name:_ ID #:_ BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100; Quiz, Chapters 3; September 4, 2007 Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Be concise. 1. Draw the structure of lysine at pH 1.3. (6 points) What is the net charge on Lys at pH 1.3? +2 NH3+ COOH CH ...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
River\'s Crossing Plant Sciences 7:00 7:15 7:30 7:45 8:00 8:15 8:30 8:45 9:00 9:15 9:30 9:45 10:00 10:15 10:45 11:15 11:45 12:15 12:45 1:15 1:45 2:15 2:30 2:45 3:00 3:15 3:30 3:45 4:00 4:15 4:30 4:45 5:00 5:15 5:30 5:45 6:00 6:15 6:45 7:15 Family Hous...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Study Sheet of Structures You Must Know for Exam 2 BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100 Fall 2006, (10:10-11:00 class) Note: below is a list that includes structures that you are responsible to know for Exam 2 (see both sides of the sheet). This list does not guarant...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Dear BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100 students, The Biology Division has converted to a web-based course evaluation of courses and instructors in the Biological Sciences Division of Franklin College. All courses crosslisted through the Biology Division must use t...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Study Sheet of Structures You Must Know for Exam 2 BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100 Fall 2005, (10:10-11:00 class) Note: below is a list that includes structures that you are responsible to know for Exam 2 (see both sides of the sheet). This list does not guarant...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100 10:10-11:00 am class Fall 2005 Abbreviated Study Guide for Exam 1, Fall 2005 1. Exam 1 will be on material covered in the text and in the lecture notes for Chapters 1-5. 2. As stated on the syllabus, it is expected that you know ...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Study Sheet of Structures You Must Know for Exam 2 BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100 Fall 2005, (10:10-11:00 class) Note: below is a list that includes structures that you are responsible to know for Exam 2 (see both sides of the sheet). This list does not guarant...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB3100 Syllabus, Fall 2005, Page 1 INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100 Fall Semester 2005 10:10-11:00 AM, Mon. Wed. & Fri, Room C127 - Life Sciences Optional Breakout Session: 5:00-5:50 PM, Tues. Room C127 Life Sciences INSTRUCTORS: Dr. ...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB3100 Syllabus, Fall 2006, Page 1 INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY BCMB/BIOL/CHEM 3100 Fall Semester 2006 10:10-11:00 AM, Mon. Wed. & Fri, Room C127 - Life Sciences Breakout Session: 5:00-5:50 PM, Tues. Room C127 Life Sciences INSTRUCTORS: Dr. Amy Medlo...
UGA >> BCMB >> 3100 (Fall, 2008)
Tutors for BCMB 3100 Mohnen/DerVartanian Course 10:10-11:00 MWF Fall 2005 Dan Baker Hours: Tuesdays 2:00-4:00 pm A304B Life Science Building Caryn Hale Hours: Wednesdays 3:00-5:00 pm Commons Room B116, Life Sciences Building (room to the right of ...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
Starting test Glast-Gaudi job with job options file joboptions.txt Current time: Wed Dec 05 09:59:35 2007 ( 0 s elapsed) Area not found in title: assuming 60000 cm^2 Current time: Wed Dec 05 11:10:59 2007 ( 4284 s elapsed) ...
UGA >> FRES >> 1020 (Fall, 2008)
River\'s Crossing Aderhold Hall b a b a b a b a b a b a b a a a a a a a a a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a a 7:00 am 7:15 7:30 7:45 8:00 8:15 8:30 8:45 9:00 9:15 9:30 9:45 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 pm 12:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:15 2:30 2:45 3:00 3:15...
UGA >> FRES >> 1020 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB3100 Syllabus Fall 2002, Page 1 Nutrition and Cancer FRES 1020 (#58-972) Fall Semester 2003 Thursdays 9:30-10:45 Life Sciences Room C114 INSTRUCTORS: Dr. Joan Fischer Department of Foods and Nutrition 379 Dawson Hall Phone: 706-542-7983 email:...
UGA >> FRES >> 1020 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB3100 Syllabus Fall 2002, Page 1 Nutrition and Cancer FRES 1020 (#58-972) Fall Semester 2003 Thursdays 9:30-10:45 Life Sciences Room C114 INSTRUCTORS: Dr. Joan Fischer Department of Foods and Nutrition 379 Dawson Hall Phone: 706-542-7983 email:...
UGA >> FRES >> 1020 (Fall, 2008)
FRES 1020, Nutrition and Cancer - Syllabus Fall 2004, Page 1 Nutrition and Cancer FRES 1020 (38-467) Fall Semester 2004 Fridays 1:25-2:15 pm Life Sciences Room C114 INSTRUCTORS: Dr. Joan Fischer Department of Foods and Nutrition 379 Dawson Hall Ph...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
Bacterial Polysaccharides Animal Pathogens Salmonella enteriditis E. coli Neisseria meningitidis Haemophilus influenzae Proteus mirabilis Proteus vulgaris Mycobacteria (many others) Soil Bacteria Rhizobiaceae Pseudomonas solanacearum Erwinia amylov...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
Bacterial Polysaccharides Animal Pathogens Salmonella enteriditis E. coli Neisseria meningitidis Haemophilus influenzae Proteus mirabilis Proteus vulgaris Mycobacteria (many others) Soil Bacteria Rhizobiaceae Pseudomonas solanacearum Erwinia amylov...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB 8020 April 13,2006 Nucleotides Sugars Nucleotide Sugar Transporters Glycosyltransferases NUCLEOTIDE SUGARS Nucleotide sugars: high energy cosubstrates involved in carbohydrate biosynthetic reactions. The energy of the hemiacetal phosphate all...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB 8020 April 13,2006 NUCLEOTIDE SUGARS Nucleotide sugars: high energy cosubstrates involved in carbohydrate biosynthetic reactions. The energy of the hemiacetal phosphate allows nucleotide sugars to donate the sugar residue to a suitable acceptor...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB 8020 April 13,2006 Nucleotides Sugars Nucleotide Sugar Transporters Glycosyltransferases 1 NUCLEOTIDE SUGARS Nucleotide sugars: high energy cosubstrates involved in carbohydrate biosynthetic reactions. The energy of the hemiacetal phosphate ...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
Welcome to the CARBOHYRDRATE section of BCMB8020 Please pick up the 5 handouts Before next class please read Class Text: Chapter 7: pages 356-381 & Chapter 23 pages 852-862 (Biochemistry, third Edition by Voet and Voet, 2004, Wiley). Articles by Ru...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB8020 April 11, 2006 Methods to Determine Carbohydrate Structure Requirements for Structural Determination of a Carbohydrate O The structural characterization of carbohydrates diversity o...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, July 1998, p. 555567 0893-8512/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Vol. 11, No. 3 Campylobacter Species and Guillain-Barre Syndrome IRVING NACHAMKIN,1* BAN MISHU ALLOS...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB 8020 April 13,2006 Glycogen Most common storage form of glucose in animals, bacteria (yeast) Branched polymer of 1,4- but with smaller and more frequent branching: branching every 8-12 residues In ani...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB 8020 April 13,2006 Glycogen Most common storage form of glucose in animals, bacteria (yeast) Branched polymer of 1,4- but with smaller and more frequent branching: branching every 8-12 residues In ani...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB 8020 April 13,2006 Glycogen Most common storage form of glucose in animals, bacteria (yeast) Branched polymer of 1,4- but with smaller and more frequent branching: branching every 8-12 residues In ani...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
593 Regulation of signal transduction pathways in development by glycosylation Robert S Haltiwanger Recent studies from several laboratories have provided evidence that cell surface complex carbohydrates play key roles in the regulation of developme...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
Vaccine 17 (1999) S28S36 www.elsevier.com/locate/vaccine Glycoprotein conjugate vaccines Alf A. Lindberg Pasteur Merieux Connaught, 1541 Avenue Marcel Merieux 69280, Marcy l\'Etoile, France Abstract The polysaccharide capsule which surrounds bacter...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
Vaccine 17 (1999) S28S36 www.elsevier.com/locate/vaccine Glycoprotein conjugate vaccines Alf A. Lindberg Pasteur Merieux Connaught, 1541 Avenue Marcel Merieux 69280, Marcy l\'Etoile, France Abstract The polysaccharide capsule which surrounds bacter...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
Overview of glycoprotein structures, biosynthesis, and function Kelley Moremen Complex Carbohydrate Research Center 315 Riverbend Rd. University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 706-542-1705 moremen@uga.edu Oligosaccharide functions Modulation of Bioche...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, July 1998, p. 555567 0893-8512/98/$04.00 0 Copyright 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Vol. 11, No. 3 Campylobacter Species and Guillain-Barre Syndrome IRVING NACHAMKIN,1* BAN MISHU ALLOS...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
Revisiting some O-Glycans Table 1. Different types of O-linked glycans in humans. Type of O-linked glycan Mucin-type GAG O-linked GlcNAc O-linked Gal O-linked Man O-linked Glc O-linked Fuc Structure and peptide linkage (R)-GalNAc1-Ser/Thr (R)-GlcA13G...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
Plant Cell Walls 1 All Plant Cells are surrounded by an extracellular matrix known as the Cell Wall a polysaccharide-rich matrix that surrounds all plant cells plays multiple roles in plant growth, development and defense responses there are two...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS, Sept. 1999, p. 523553 1092-2172/99/$04.00 0 Copyright 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Vol. 63, No. 3 Genetics of O-Antigen Biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa H. L. ROCCH...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2002. 71:635700 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135414 Copyright 2002 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved First published as a Review in Advance on April 30, 2002 LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE ENDOTOXINS Christian R. H. Raetz1 an...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB 8020 April 11,2006 Starch Most significant carbon reserve in plants (i.e. amount made & distribution) Major component of crop plant yield in the world Major source of calories in the human diet Important raw material for industrial processes ...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB 8020 April 11,2006 Major source of calories in the human diet Starch Most significant carbon reserve in plants (i.e. amount made & distribution) Major component of crop plant yield in the world Important raw material for industrial processes ...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
BCMB 8020 April 11,2006 Starch Most significant carbon reserve in plants (i.e. amount made & distribution) Major component of crop plant yield in the world 1 Major source of calories in the human diet Important raw material for industrial process...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
Carbohydrate Research 338 (2003) 2539 /2547 www.elsevier.com/locate/carres Perspective/Review Immunology of bacterial polysaccharide antigens Andrej Weintraub* Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Bacteriolo...
UGA >> BCMB >> 8020 (Fall, 2008)
Carbohydrate Research 338 (2003) 2539 /2547 www.elsevier.com/locate/carres Perspective/Review Immunology of bacterial polysaccharide antigens Andrej Weintraub* Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Bacteriolo...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
000 (28892.000.000) 12/05 07:28:24 Job submitted from host: <128.95.94.28:4757> . 001 (28892.000.000) 12/05 09:58:14 Job executing on host: <172.25.101.65:1056> . 006 (28892.000.000) 12/05 10:18:22 Image size of job updated: 457928 . 005 (28892.000.0...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
= running on = COMPUTERNAME=PHYSLAB-535QNB1 - local directory - Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is 9843-D647 Directory of C:\\condor\\execute\\dir_2268 12/05/2007 09:58 AM <DIR> . 12/05/2007 09:58 ...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
executable = allgamma_14247.bat universe = vanilla error = error.txt output = output.txt log = log.txt # set by submitting script Requirements= (OpSys = \"WINNT51\" ) initialdir = F:\\condor\\allgamma\\v13r5\\jobs14000-14499/14...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
Starting test Glast-Gaudi job with job options file joboptions.txt Current time: Wed Dec 05 11:18:06 2007 ( 0 s elapsed) Area not found in title: assuming 60000 cm^2 Current time: Wed Dec 05 12:33:45 2007 ( 4539 s elapsed) ...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
000 (29012.000.000) 12/05 07:29:08 Job submitted from host: <128.95.94.28:4757> . 001 (29012.000.000) 12/05 11:17:26 Job executing on host: <172.25.101.183:1064> . 005 (29012.000.000) 12/05 12:33:46 Job terminated. (1) Normal termination (return val...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
= running on = COMPUTERNAME=PHYSLAB-C85QNB1 - local directory - Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is 9843-D647 Directory of C:\\condor\\execute\\dir_980 12/05/2007 11:17 AM <DIR> . 12/05/2007 11:17 A...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
executable = allgamma_14367.bat universe = vanilla error = error.txt output = output.txt log = log.txt # set by submitting script Requirements= (OpSys = \"WINNT51\" ) initialdir = F:\\condor\\allgamma\\v13r5\\jobs14000-14499/14...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
Starting test Glast-Gaudi job with job options file joboptions.txt Current time: Wed Dec 05 07:36:49 2007 ( 0 s elapsed) Area not found in title: assuming 60000 cm^2 Current time: Wed Dec 05 08:43:20 2007 ( 3991 s elapsed) ...
Allan Hancock College >> COMP >> 3420 (Fall, 2009)
Data Preprocessing Lecture 12: Overview of data preprocessing Lecture 13: Descriptive data summarization Lecture 14: Data cleaning Lecture 15: Data integration/transformation and data reduction Lecture 16: Discretization and concept hierarchy...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
000 (28740.000.000) 12/05 07:27:47 Job submitted from host: <128.95.94.28:4757> . 001 (28740.000.000) 12/05 07:31:24 Job executing on host: <172.25.101.163:1061> . 006 (28740.000.000) 12/05 07:51:32 Image size of job updated: 375524 . 005 (28740.000....
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
= running on = COMPUTERNAME=B280WS3 - local directory - Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is 7A24-68F3 Directory of C:\\condor\\execute\\dir_2556 12/05/2007 07:31 AM <DIR> . 12/05/2007 07:31 AM <D...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
executable = allgamma_14095.bat universe = vanilla error = error.txt output = output.txt log = log.txt # set by submitting script Requirements= (OpSys = \"WINNT51\" ) initialdir = F:\\condor\\allgamma\\v13r5\\jobs14000-14499/14...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
Starting test Glast-Gaudi job with job options file joboptions.txt Current time: Wed Dec 05 08:52:12 2007 ( 0 s elapsed) Area not found in title: assuming 60000 cm^2 Current time: Wed Dec 05 10:07:35 2007 ( 4523 s elapsed) ...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
000 (28834.000.000) 12/05 07:28:09 Job submitted from host: <128.95.94.28:4757> . 001 (28834.000.000) 12/05 08:51:09 Job executing on host: <172.25.101.85:1057> . 006 (28834.000.000) 12/05 09:11:17 Image size of job updated: 361232 . 005 (28834.000.0...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
= running on = COMPUTERNAME=PHYSLAB-835QNB1 - local directory - Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is 9843-D647 Directory of C:\\condor\\execute\\dir_3332 12/05/2007 08:51 AM <DIR> . 12/05/2007 08:51 ...
Washington >> V >> 14000 (Fall, 2009)
executable = allgamma_14189.bat universe = vanilla error = error.txt output = output.txt log = log.txt # set by submitting script Requirements= (OpSys = \"WINNT51\" ) initialdir = F:\\condor\\allgamma\\v13r5\\jobs14000-14499/14...
Michigan State University >> PESTED >> 2601 (Fall, 2009)
CHAPTER 1 PESTS AND INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After you finish studying this chapter, you should be able to: s Explain the importance of correctly identifying pests. s Explain the importance of understanding the life cycl...
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