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global_trends
Course: CHEM 231, Fall 2009School: Allegheny
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231 CHEM Murphree Global Trends in Polar Mechanisms ELECTROPHILE Leaving Group Trends: All mechanisms (SN1, SN2, E1, E2) require good leaving group (LG) The stronger the conjugate base, the better the leaving group stops LG slower LG SN1 Electrophilic Center Trends: SN2 Me LG LG slower stops NUCLEOPHILE Periodic Trends: L U R, basicity decreases; nucleophilicity decreases D, basicity decreases;...
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231 CHEM Murphree Global Trends in Polar Mechanisms ELECTROPHILE Leaving Group Trends: All mechanisms (SN1, SN2, E1, E2) require good leaving group (LG) The stronger the conjugate base, the better the leaving group
stops LG slower LG SN1
Electrophilic Center Trends:
SN2 Me LG LG slower
stops
NUCLEOPHILE Periodic Trends: L U R, basicity decreases; nucleophilicity decreases D, basicity decreases; nucleophilicity increases
more basic aggressive
behavior
more nucleophilic
E2
SN2
activity
E1
passive
SN1
TEMPERATURE temperature Increasing tends to accelerate all reactions (ca. 2x faster every 10 C) Increasing temperature increases ratio of elimination:substitution (entropy effects) SOLVENT Polar protic solvents tend to accelerate unimolecular reactions (charge separation in TS) Polar protic solvents tend to decelerate bimo...
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