101 EGGG Paul Imhoff
Introduction Civil & Environmental Engineering
Number of Jobs
US Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm#outlook
Civil Engineering Environmental Engineering Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineering Computer Engineering
#1 237,000 #5 49,000 #6 31,000 #2 226,000 #3 156,000 #4 77,000
Projected Job Growth 2004-2014
US Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm#outlook
Civil Engineering Environmental Engineering Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineering Computer Engineering
9 17% > 27% 9 17% 9 17% 9 17% 9 17%
Future Trends in Environmental Engineering
Remediation
Water & wastewater treatment
Pollution prevention
1900
1990
2020
Societal Problems Driving Environmental Engineering
Global warming
Reducing methane emissions from landfills
Energy
Life-cycle analyses evaluating the environmental impact of oil alternatives
Water shortages
Clean water from wastewater
Focus on Nonpoint Source Pollution - Water
Point vs. Nonpoint Sources
Point = plant discharge, chemical spill in river or groundwater Nonpoint Sources:
Agriculture Construction Urban runoff Mining Forestry or Silvaculture
Focus on Nonpoint Source Pollution - Water
Nonpoint Source Pollutants Suspended solids Dissolved solids Nutrients Toxic metals Pesticides Pathogens Synthetic organics/hydrocarbons
Focus on Nonpoint Source Pollution - Water
Wealthy suburbs have more degraded streams than poorer suburbs why?
Focus on Nonpoint Source Pollution - Water
Automobiles!
Focus on Nonpoint Source Pollution - Water
Automobiles!
Brake pads are estimated to contribute 80% of the copper in urban storm water runoff in Santa Clara, CA
Focus on Nonpoint Source Pollution - Water
Brake dust
Indian River Bridge
What's the problem?
Indian Bridge
River What's the problem?
Roadway runoff
Brake dust Tire debris Oil, grease, gasoline Asphalt pavements
Contaminants
Suspended solids turbidity (cloudy water) Copper, cadmium, lead bioaccumulate in fish PAHs carcinogenic to aquatic life
Indian River Bridge
What happens on many bridges?
Treatment Options
Vegetative buffer/Green parking lot
University of Florida Gators!
Treatment Options
Detention basin
Treatment Options
Rain Garden
http://www.wr.udel.edu/research/UDraingarden.html
Treatment Options
Sedimentation/Filtration
www.stormwaterinc.com
Sedimentation chamber
Manhole
Inlet
Outlet
Filter cartridges
Sedimentation
Sedimentation basins are large tanks where the water flows slowly so that particulates settle out
In water and wastewater treatment plants, these are so large they are placed outside.
www.coffeyville.com/ Water.htm
Sedimentation
From Prof. CushmanRoisin , Dartmouth College
Sedimentation
From Prof. CushmanRoisin , Dartmouth College
Sedimentation Competition
Design the "best" sedimentation tank
Pick up materials (today)
From 258 DuPont Hall: Styrofoam, ruler, duct tape
Construct basin (today or tomorrow)
On own Or, Tuesday between 10am-12noon; 3pm-5pm in 021 Spencer Lab Cutting knives available.
"Test design" (next class)
Class meets on Wednesday in Oceans Laboratory
Sedimentation Competition
Basin construction
Each group gets: 2' x 2.5' x 0.5" Styrofoam and duct tape Design and construct basin
Important components: box, baffles, and outlet opening(s)
Box shapes:
Internal baffles or dividers:
Outlet opening(s):
Sedimentation Competition
Hints ...
Read lab handout for ideas Stormwater flow rate ~ 1 liter/min Outlet control affects water level in basin Internal baffles slow water down and control water levels
Next Class Oceans Lab
Oceans Lab