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135K MCB Review Midterm II March 30, 2004 Jason Lowry Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Aging of the Nervous System Brain Disorders Imaging of the Brain Oxidants and Anti-Oxidants Aging of the Visual System Aging of the Cardiovascular System Exercise and Aging Aging of Muscles Immune System Aging of the Nervous System Structural Changes 1. Changes in Brain Weight 2. Neurons vs. Glial Cells 3. Denudation 4....
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135K MCB Review
Midterm II March 30, 2004 Jason Lowry
Outline
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Aging of the Nervous System Brain Disorders Imaging of the Brain Oxidants and Anti-Oxidants Aging of the Visual System Aging of the Cardiovascular System Exercise and Aging Aging of Muscles Immune System
Aging of the Nervous System
Structural Changes
1. Changes in Brain Weight 2. Neurons vs. Glial Cells 3. Denudation 4. Neuropathological Markers
Biochemical Changes
1. Neurotransmitters 2. CNS Synapses 3. Neurotransmitter Imbalance and Brain Disorders
Brain Plasticity
1. CNS Regenerative Potential
Changes in Brain Weight
S tructura l bra in cha nge s with a ging
changes in brain volume
OTHER BRAIN REGIONS
FRONTAL
young
old
Neurons vs. Glial Cells
Neurons
Cell Body Axons Dendrites Synapses
Glial Cells
Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglial
Denudation
Normal Aging
A, B, C Small amounts of neuronal loss Increased dendritic growth
Degenerative Disease
D,E,F,G Progressive loss of dendritic spines Eventual Cell Death
Neuropathologies
Lipofuscin
By-product of cellular autophagia Linear increase with normal aging Function in disease unkown
Lewy Bodies
Present in norm...
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