Exam First Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Concept Exam Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (with a bit from the Preface)
Concept Area I: The Scientific Method a. You should be able to explain the scientific method and how it can lead to the formation of theories and laws. Concept Area II: Terminology matter solid liquid gas kinetic-molecular theory kinetic energy macroscopic submicroscopic/particulate mixture heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous mixtures pure impure solution element periodic table atom compound physical properties physical changes chemical properties chemical changes quantitative qualitative absolute zero accuracy precision significant figures, sig figs mass weight standard deviation percent error
Concept Area III: Classifying Matter a. You should be able to recognize the different states of matter and describe them. b. You should be able to identify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. c. You should understand the difference between the terms: atom, element and compound. d. You should be able to tell the difference between pure substances and mixtures. e. You should be able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. f. You should be able to think about matter at the macroscopic level and the submicroscopic level. Concept Area IV: Substances and Change a. You should be able to give the name of an element from its symbol and vice versa for the first 36 elements. b. You should be able to identify a physical property or a physical change. c. You should be able to identify a chemical property or a chemical change. d. You should be able to describe how to separate mixtures based on physical properties. e. You should know how to calculate the density of matter. f. You should be able to interconvert between density, mass and volume given two of the three. Concept Area V: Units of Measurement a. For the following, you should be able to identify the common units used in the metric system for each of the following: length, mass, temperature, volume, density, and time. b. You should be able to use the following metric prefixes: mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-. c. You should know that one milliliter, mL, is the same volume as one cubic centimeter, cm3. d. You should know the difference between mass and weight. e. You should be able to convert between C and K. Concept Area VI: The Mathematics of Chemistry a. You should be able to use significant figures (sig figs) in all calculations. b. You should be able to write a decimal number in scientific notation and vice versa. c. You should be able to perform calculations using scientific notation. d. You should be able to distinguish between precision and accuracy. e. You should be able to use dimensional analysis to help you in your calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 1 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
Concept Area I: Terminology subatomic particles radioactivity electron proton neutron nucleus atomic number, Z atomic mass unit, amu mass number, A isotope atomic mass molar mass mole, mol Avogadros number Periodic Table groups, families period metal non-metal main group elements transition elements metalloids halogens noble gases chalcogens periodicity alkali metals alkaline earth metals lanthanides actinides
Concept Area II: Atomic Composition a. You need to be familiar with the early experiments that lead to the discovery of the electron, its mass and its charge and the other subatomic particles. b. You should be familiar with Daltons Atomic Theory of Matter and know what is correct and incorrect about it. c. You should be able to describe the general structure of an atom including the subatomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Concept Area III: Isotopes a. Given the natural abundances of an atoms isotopes, you should be able to calculate its atomic mass. b. You should be able to write a nuclear symbol for an isotope for any atom. c. Given the symbol for an isotope, you should be able to identify the element, state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the total number of electrons in the atom and the charge on an ion. Concept Area IV: Introduction to the Periodic Table a. You should be able to use the periodic table to: recognize and find metals, nonmetals and metalloids; find the symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass of an element. b. You should know these common group names and where they are on the table: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, main group elements (metals and nonmetals), transition metals, metalloids, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases. c. You should remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, these 18 common elements: rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, radium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, cadmium, mercury, tin, lead, iodine, xenon, radon, uranium plutonium. d. You should know which are the periods (horizontal row) and groups/families (vertical column) e. You should understand why the elements are arranged the way they are to help you recognize the similarities and differences in chemical properties. Concept Area V: The Mole a. You need to be able to define a mole. b. You need to know what Avogadros number is, 6.0221023, and what you can do with it. c. You need to be able to use the mole and Avogadros number in calculations.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc
Page 2 of 3
First Exam Concept Areas for Che 105 (all fair game on final exam)
Chapter 3 Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
Concept Area I: Terminology
molecular formula condensed formula structural formula chemical bonds ionic compound cation anion monatomic ion polyatomic ion halide ion crystal lattice electrostatic forces Coulombs Law formula mass molar mass binary compound law of constant composition mass percent percent composition empirical formula hydrated compounds anhydrous
Concept Area II: Molecular Compounds a. You should be able to interpret the meaning of molecular formulas, condensed formulas, and structural formulas. b. You need to be able to use molecular models to help understand the structure of a molecule. c. You should be able to write an elemental formula for an element including the diatomic elements: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. d. You should be able to tell what elements are present and how many of them are present given a formula. Concept Area III: Ionic Compounds a. You need to know what an ion, cation, and anion are. b. You need to know that ions are formed by losing or gaining electrons. c. You should be able to use the periodic table to predict the most commonly formed ion of an element, excluding the transition metals. d. You should be able to write formulas for ionic compounds using the principle of charge balance. e. You should understand the importance of Coulombs law as applied to ionic compounds. Concept Area IV: Nomenclature a. You need to remember the names and symbols of the first 36 elements plus, the 18 common elements given previously. b. You need to memorize the names and formulas (that includes charge) of the following polyatomic ions: cyanide, acetate, bicarbonate, nitrate, hydroxide, chlorate, permanganate, carbonate, chromate, dichromate, sulfate, phosphate, and ammonium. c. You should be able to predict whether a binary compound is ionic or molecular by using the periodic table. d. You should be able to use the rules of naming and write a binary molecular compound from its formula and write the formula from its name. e. You should be able to name or give the formula for an ionic compound. Concept Area V: Formulas and the Mole a. You need to understand what the molar mass or formula mass of a compound is and how to calculate it. b. You need to be able to convert between moles and mass of a compound and vice versa. Concept Area VI: Empirical Formulas a. You need to know what an empirical formula is. b. You need to be able to give the empirical formula for a compound given its molecular formula. c. You need to be able to express the composition of a compound in terms of percent composition. d. You need to be able to use percent composition to determine the empirical formula of a compound. e. You need to know what a hydrated compound is and how to determine the number of water molecules it has.
Che 105 Objectives for First Exam.doc Page 3 of 3