Perspective
Abnormal Cognitive behavior is caused by maladaptive thinking
PSYC 3313
Dr. Tani Newell
Important note
These class notes, containing the PowerPoint slides for the class, will now contain live links. So you can click on links that you see throughout this PDF file to go to that article, YouTube video, etc. But in order to do this, you must be using Adobe Acrobat 7.0 or later to access the hyperlinks.
Chapter 1 Historical Context
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Cognitive Perspective
Abnormal behavior caused by maladaptive thinking
"Cognitive distortions" are the cause of maladaptive behavior Maladaptive ways of paying attention to, interpreting, and using information
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Cognitive Perspective
The goal of therapy
Help clients recognize cognitive fallacies Guide clients Challenge dysfunctional thoughts Develop new interpretations
Reframing
Helps clients see their situation in a different framework, with a more accurate and healthy cognitive perspective
Apply new ways of thinking in their daily lives
Chapter 1 Historical Context
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Cognitive Perspective
Treatment emphasizes changing
Thoughts Assumptions Attitudes
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Cognitive Perspective
Cognitive therapy is very important
It is widely and very successfully used in treating depression Evidence shows it may be as effective as medication in treatment of depression
We will revisit this therapy in detail when we cover depression
Aaron Beck Pioneering Cognitive Therapy Researcher
Chapter 1 Historical Context
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Albert Ellis with Gloria (YouTube)
Part 1: Ellis explains Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) and meets Gloria
Approaches to Psychotherapy - Albert Ellis (1/4)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohwTzoQZ_s&feature=PlayList&p=C42DFC43D13933B7&index=8
Part 2: Gloria and Ellis continue talking
Approaches to Psychotherapy - Albert Ellis (1/4)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6oZGjVLC34&feature=PlayList&p=C42D FC43D13933B7&index=9
Part 3: Gloria and Ellis continue talking
Approaches to Psychotherapy - Albert Ellis (3/4)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwjRrAcJn_g&feature=PlayList&p=C42DF C43D13933B7&index=10
Part 4: Ellis talks about how he thought that the session with Gloria went
Approaches to Psychotherapy - Albert Ellis (4/4)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YDLzGkOOzA&feature=PlayList&p=C42D FC43D13933B7&index=11
Chapter 1 Historical Context
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More on Albert Ellis and CBT
Cognitive Therapy's Controversial Founder, Albert Ellis
Ellis is now regarded as one of the most influential psychotherapists of the last century. But the psychologist who laid the intellectual foundations of cognitive therapy wasn't always lauded by the mental health community. In fact, Dr. Albert Ellis believed most psychologists and psychiatrists hated him -- and thought cognitive therapy was superficial. National Public Radio, All Things Considered 6/3/04
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1921765
Albert Ellis: Father of Cognitive Therapy
Dr. Albert Ellis was sometimes called the Lenny Bruce of psychotherapy: He was funny, profane and controversial. His theories on cognitive therapy, first presented in the mid1950s, challenged the thinking of Sigmund Freud. By the time he died this week at age 93, Ellis had become considered by many to be as influential as Freud. National Public Radio, All Things Considered 7/28/07
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12323868
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Humanistic Perspective
Instead of focusing on abnormal behavior,
we should focus on healthy behavior
PSYC 3313
Dr. Tani Newell
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Humanistic
A reaction against Freud
Generally construed as optimistic Concerned with health
Especially in contrast to psychic-determinism
Focus on the self and the self's potential
Goal is personal growth
Rational, constructive change development
Psychological is possible Self-actualization Chapter 1 Historical Context 11
Humanistic
Abraham Maslow
Human potential for growth Needs influence behaviour A hierarchy of needs
Satisfy lower needs first Higher needs develop later
More complex Difficult to achieve
Highest need: Self-actualization
An objective perception of reality Creative tendencies Peak experiences
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
SELF ACTUALIZATION
Need for self-esteem, power, recognition, prestige
EGO
SOCIAL Need for being loved, belonging, inclusion SECURITY Need for safety, shelter, stability PHYSICAL Need for air, water, food, exercise, rest, freedom from diseases and disabilities
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Humanistic
Carl Rogers
Emphasis on Freedom Meaning Self determination Choice and responsibility Focus on Authenticity The present moment Importance of Congruence Unconditional positive regard Reflective listening
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Carl Rogers Humanistic Therapist
Carl Rogers and Gloria
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Carl Rogers with Gloria (YouTube)
Part 1: Rogers explains Client-Centered Therapy
Carl Rogers and Gloria counseling - Part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBkUqcqRChg&feature=PlayList&p=C4 2DFC43D13933B7&index=0
Part 2: Gloria meets Carl Rogers
Carl Rogers and Gloria counseling PT 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m30jsZx_Ngs&feature=PlayList&p=C4 2DFC43D13933B7&index=1
Part 3: Gloria and Rogers continue talking
Carl Rogers and Gloria counseling - PT 3
http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RX_Y3zUPzEo&feature=PlayList &p=C42DFC43D13933B7&index=2
Part 4: Gloria and Rogers continue talking
Carl Rogers and Gloria counseling - PT 3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHxl5NtcDow&feature=PlayList&p=C4 2DFC43D13933B7&index=3
Part 5: Conversation ends and Rogers talks about how it went from his perspective
Carl Rogers and Gloria counseling PT 5
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L19nXMvbS8E&feature=PlayList&p=C 42DFC43D13933B7&index=4
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More About Carl Rogers
This is an article that analyzes Rogers' session with Gloria. It analyzes the techniques he used and looks at how effective his methods were and why.
An Analysis of How Carl Rogers Enacted Client-Centered Conversation with Gloria...