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debaun_int1_gulf
Course: GEOG 4450, Fall 2008School: GCSU
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GulfofMexico GretchenDeBaun OceanDeadZone: GEOG4450 EnvironmentandSociety InteractionProject1 OceanDeadZones Areasoftheoceaninahypoxic(lowoxygen)state. Occurnearinhabitedcoastlines,wheremarinelifeismost abundant. Mobilefishmayescapedeadzone(notnecessarilywithoutnegative effects). Bottomdwelling/juvenilemarinelifegenerallydie. Usuallyseasonal GulfofMexico: OceanDeadZone...
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GulfofMexico
GretchenDeBaun OceanDeadZone: GEOG4450 EnvironmentandSociety InteractionProject1
OceanDeadZones
Areasoftheoceaninahypoxic(lowoxygen)state. Occurnearinhabitedcoastlines,wheremarinelifeismost
abundant. Mobilefishmayescapedeadzone(notnecessarilywithoutnegative effects). Bottomdwelling/juvenilemarinelifegenerallydie. Usuallyseasonal
GulfofMexico: OceanDeadZone
OccursatthemouthoftheMississippiRiverbetweentheinnerandmid
continentalshelf. Oneofthelargestoceandeadzonesintheworld. Firstdocumentedin1972 Doubledinsizesince1985 Rangesinsizefrom6,000to8,000sq.miles(about22,000sq.km) Sizefluctuatesduetochangesinweather(floods,hurricanes,wind patterns).
CausesofDeadZone intheGulfofMexico
Nutrient/pollutionrunofffromMississippiRiver
*Phosphorousandnitrogenflowfrommajorfarmingstates *Intensifiedcornproduction *Fertilizers,soilerosion,animalswastes,sewage,emissions
Massivealgal/phytoplanktonbloomsarisewhenoceanwater
becomesoversaturatedwithnutrients/pollutants. andaredecomposedbybacteria.
Thealgaeandphytoplanktondie,sinktothebottomoftheocean, Thisbacterialdecompositioncausesadepletionofoxygen.
AreaofMidSummerBottomWaterHypoxia
(oxygenlessthan2mg/L)
HistoryofOceanDeadZones
Firstrecordedinthe1970soffthecoastsofdeveloped countries.
BalticSea,theBlackSea,andthenorthernAdriaticSea.
Currently200oceandeadzonesworldwide,rangingin OriginallydiscoveredintheUnitedStates,Chesapeake
Bay,theKattegatStraitinScandinavia,themouthofthe sizefrom1sq.kmtoabout23,000sq.km.
WorldsOceanDeadZones
NegativeImpacts
Marinelifediesorsuffersserioushealthproblems(ex.reproductive
complications).
Algalbloomscarrytoxins,suchasmercuryorPCBs(Polychlorinated
Biphenyls),thatgetabsorbedbythesealife. *Humansareexposedtotoxinsthroughcontaminatedfish/water
Commercialfishingdeclines.
*Gulfsupplies72%ofU.S.harvestedshrimp,66%harvested oystersand16%ofcommercialfish. *Seafoodpricesrise SimilarphenomenonoccurringinfreshwaterlakesthroughouttheU.S.
Whatcanbedone?
Usefewerfertilizers. Controlofanimalwa...
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