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geog1112_lec07
Course: GEOG 1112, Fall 2008School: GCSU
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Warming GEOG Global 1112- Lecture 7 Visualizing Physical Geography by Alan Strahler and Zeeya Merali Chapter 3 Air Temperature Chapter Overview Surface and Air Temperature Daily and Annual Cycles of Air Temperature World Patterns of Air Temperature Temperature Structure of the Atmosphere Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect Temperature Structure of the Atmosphere Temperature decreases with altitude in the...
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Warming
GEOG Global 1112- Lecture 7
Visualizing Physical Geography
by Alan Strahler and Zeeya Merali
Chapter 3 Air Temperature
Chapter Overview
Surface and Air Temperature Daily and Annual Cycles of Air Temperature World Patterns of Air Temperature Temperature Structure of the Atmosphere Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect
Temperature Structure of the Atmosphere Temperature decreases with altitude in the troposphere, then increases above the troposphere
Lapse Rate: rate at which air temperature drops with increasing altitude
Troposphere: lowest layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature falls steadily with increasing altitude
Temperature Structure of the Atmosphere Troposphere
Lowest layer of atmosphere Temperature normally decreases with increasing elevation Thickest over equator, thinner toward the poles Significant amounts of water vapor Contains aerosols
Water vapor condenses on aerosols Aerosols scatter sunlight
Tropopause: top of troposphere
Aerosols: tiny particles present in the atmosphere
Temperature Structure of the Atmosphere Stratosphere and Upper Layers
Stratosphere: layer of atmosphere directly above the troposphere; here temperature slowly increases with height
Strong winds, little water vapor or dust Ozone layer Stratopause is top of stratosphere
Upper Layers:
Mesosphere Thermosphere
Homosphere: region of atmosphere in which gas composition is uniform
Heterosphere: Upper atmosphere, gas molecules sorted into layers
Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect Factors Influencing climatic Warming and Cooling
Earth is getting warmer. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: global warming is unequivocal, very likely caused by human activity Greenhouse Gases:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Tropospheric ozone (O3) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Fig. 4-5, p. 91
Global Warming and the Greenhouse Gases:
Effect
Greenhouse Carbon dioxide (CO2) Fossil fuel burning, forest destruction Methane (CH4) Rice cultivation, farm animal wastes, bacterial decay in sewage and landfills, fossil fuel use, biomass burning, wetlands (natural) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Synthetic compounds Tropospheric ozone (O3) Motor vehicles Nitrous oxide (N2O) Motor vehicles, nitrogen fertilizer Some pollutants have a cooling effect Some factors are natural
Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect The Temperature Record
Net warming effect of 1.6 W/m2 Direct records show increase
Variability Influence of volcanic activity
Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect The Temperature Record
Reconstructing temperature records:
Thermometers Historical data Tree rings Coral growth Ice cores
Global Warming and the Greenhouse Effect Future Scenarios
2005 warmest year recorded since mid-19th century 2005, 1998, 2002, 2003,2006 five warmest years since 1400 Earths temperature up:
0.6 C (1.1 F) in last 30 years 0.8 C (1.4 F) in last 100 years
IPCC projects increase in global temperatures between 1.8 C (3.2 F) and...
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GCSU - GEOG - 1112
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%!PS-Adobe-3.0 %Creator: (Interleaf, Inc.) %Copyright: (Copyright(c) 1993 Interleaf, Inc.) %Version: 6.1 1 %BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 %Orientation: Portrait %For: (jon) %CreationDate: (Mon, Sep 8, 1997 13:13:18) %Title: (Document:) %Pages: (atend) %Do
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