%%Creator: %!PS-Adobe-2.0 dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software %%Title: proc.dvi %%Pages: 17 0 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%Orientation: Landscape %%BoundingBox: 0 0 596 842 %%DocumentFonts: Times-Roman Times-Bold CMSY10 CMMI10 Times-Italic %%+ Courier %%EndComments %%BeginProcSet: PStoPS 1 15 userdict begin [/showpage/erasepage/copypage]{dup where{pop dup load type/operatortype eq{1 array cvx dup 0 3 index cvx put bind def}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}forall [/letter/legal/executivepage/a4/a4small/b5/com10envelope /monarchenvelope/c5envelope/dlenvelope/lettersmall/note /folio/quarto/a5]{dup where{dup wcheck{exch{}put} {pop{}def}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}forall /setpagedevice {pop}bind 1 index where{dup wcheck{3 1 roll put} {pop def}ifelse}{def}ifelse /PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix def /PStoPSxform matrix def/PStoPSclip{clippath}def /defaultmatrix{PStoPSmatrix exch PStoPSxform exch concatmatrix}bind def /initmatrix{matrix defaultmatrix setmatrix}bind def /initclip[{matrix currentmatrix PStoPSmatrix setmatrix [{currentpoint}stopped{$error/newerror false put{newpath}} {/newpath cvx 3 1 roll/moveto cvx 4 array astore cvx}ifelse] {[/newpath cvx{/moveto cvx}{/lineto cvx} {/curveto cvx}{/closepath cvx}pathforall]cvx exch pop} stopped{$error/errorname get/invalidaccess eq{cleartomark $error/newerror false put cvx exec}{stop}ifelse}if}bind aload pop /initclip dup load dup type dup/operatortype eq{pop exch pop} {dup/arraytype eq exch/packedarraytype eq or {dup xcheck{exch pop aload pop}{pop cvx}ifelse} {pop cvx}ifelse}ifelse {newpath PStoPSclip clip newpath exec setmatrix} bind aload pop]cvx def /initgraphics{initmatrix newpath initclip 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin []0 setdash 0 setgray 10 setmiterlimit}bind def end %%EndProcSet %DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com) %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -G0 -O 0.75in,-0.2in -t landscape -o proc.ps %+ proc.dvi %DVIPSParameters: dpi=600, compressed %DVIPSSource: TeX output 2006.12.20:1052 %%BeginProcSet: texc.pro %! /TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S N}B/A{dup}B/TR{translate}N/isls false N/vsize 11 72 mul N/hsize 8.5 72 mul N/landplus90{false}def/@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1}ifelse 0 0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{ landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div hsize mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR[ matrix currentmatrix{A A round sub abs 0.00001 lt{round}if}forall round exch round exch]setmatrix}N/@landscape{/isls true N}B/@manualfeed{ statusdict/manualfeed true put}B/@copies{/#copies X}B/FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0] N/FBB[0 0 0 0]N/nn 0 N/IEn 0 N/ctr 0 N/df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin
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% % (1) the Windows ANSI characters are almost all in their Windows ANSI % positions, because some Windows users cannot easily reencode the % fonts, and it makes no difference on other systems. The only Windows % ANSI characters not available are those that make no sense for % typesetting -- rubout (127 decimal), nobreakspace (160), softhyphen % (173). quotesingle and grave are moved just because it's such an % irritation not having them in TeX positions. % % (2) Remaining characters are assigned arbitrarily to the lower part % of the range, avoiding 0, 10 and 13 in case we meet dumb software. % % (3) Y&Y Lucida Bright includes some extra text characters; in the % hopes that other PostScript fonts, perhaps created for public % consumption, will include them, they are included starting at 0x12. % % (4) Remaining positions left undefined are for use in (hopefully) % upward-compatible revisions, if someday more characters are generally % available. % % (5) hyphen appears twice for compatibility with both ASCII and Windows. % % (6) /Euro is assigned to 128, as in Windows ANSI % /TeXBase1Encoding [ % 0x00 (encoded characters from Adobe Standard not in Windows 3.1) /.notdef /dotaccent /fi /fl /fraction /hungarumlaut /Lslash /lslash /ogonek /ring /.notdef /breve /minus /.notdef % These are the only two remaining unencoded characters, so may as % well include them. /Zcaron /zcaron % 0x10 /caron /dotlessi % (unusual TeX characters available in, e.g., Lucida Bright) /dotlessj /ff /ffi /ffl /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef % very contentious; it's so painful not having quoteleft and quoteright % at 96 and 145 that we move the things normally found there down to here. /grave /quotesingle % 0x20 (ASCII begins) /space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash % 0x30 /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question % 0x40 /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O % 0x50 /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore % 0x60 /quoteleft /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o % 0x70 /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright /asciitilde
/.notdef % rubout; ASCII ends % 0x80 /Euro /.notdef /quotesinglbase /florin /quotedblbase /ellipsis /dagger /daggerdbl /circumflex /perthousand /Scaron /guilsinglleft /OE /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef % 0x90 /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /quotedblleft /quotedblright /bullet /endash /emdash /tilde /trademark /scaron /guilsinglright /oe /.notdef /.notdef /Ydieresis % 0xA0 /.notdef % nobreakspace /exclamdown /cent /sterling /currency /yen /brokenbar /section /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft /logicalnot /hyphen % Y&Y (also at 45); Windows' softhyphen /registered /macron % 0xD0 /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered /cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guillemotright /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown % 0xC0 /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis % 0xD0 /Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply /Oslash /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls % 0xE0 /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla /egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis % 0xF0 /eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide /oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis ] def %%EndProcSet %%BeginProcSet: pstricks.pro %! % PostScript prologue for pstricks.tex. % Version 97 patch 3, 98/06/01 % For distribution, see pstricks.tex. % /tx@Dict 200 dict def tx@Dict begin /ADict 25 dict def /CM { matrix currentmatrix } bind def /SLW /setlinewidth load def /CLW /currentlinewidth load def /CP /currentpoint load def
/ED { exch def } bind def /L /lineto load def /T /translate load def /TMatrix { } def /RAngle { 0 } def /Atan { /atan load stopped { pop pop 0 } if } def /Div { dup 0 eq { pop } { div } ifelse } def /NET { neg exch neg exch T } def /Pyth { dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt } def /PtoC { 2 copy cos mul 3 1 roll sin mul } def /PathLength@ { /z z y y1 sub x x1 sub Pyth add def /y1 y def /x1 x def } def /PathLength { flattenpath /z 0 def { /y1 ED /x1 ED /y2 y1 def /x2 x1 def } { /y ED /x ED PathLength@ } {} { /y y2 def /x x2 def PathLength@ } /pathforall load stopped { pop pop pop pop } if z } def /STP { .996264 dup scale } def /STV { SDict begin normalscale end STP } def /DashLine { dup 0 gt { /a .5 def PathLength exch div } { pop /a 1 def PathLength } ifelse /b ED /x ED /y ED /z y x add def b a .5 sub 2 mul y mul sub z Div round z mul a .5 sub 2 mul y mul add b exch Div dup y mul /y ED x mul /x ED x 0 gt y 0 gt and { [ y x ] 1 a sub y mul } { [ 1 0 ] 0 } ifelse setdash stroke } def /DotLine { /b PathLength def /a ED /z ED /y CLW def /z y z add def a 0 gt { /b b a div def } { a 0 eq { /b b y sub def } { a -3 eq { /b b y add def } if } ifelse } ifelse [ 0 b b z Div round Div dup 0 le { pop 1 } if ] a 0 gt { 0 } { y 2 div a -2 gt { neg } if } ifelse setdash 1 setlinecap stroke } def /LineFill { gsave abs CLW add /a ED a 0 dtransform round exch round exch 2 copy idtransform exch Atan rotate idtransform pop /a ED .25 .25 % DG/SR modification begin - Dec. 12, 1997 - Patch 2 %itransform translate pathbbox /y2 ED a Div ceiling cvi /x2 ED /y1 ED a itransform pathbbox /y2 ED a Div ceiling cvi /x2 ED /y1 ED a % DG/SR modification end Div cvi /x1 ED /y2 y2 y1 sub def clip newpath 2 setlinecap systemdict /setstrokeadjust known { true setstrokeadjust } if x2 x1 sub 1 add { x1 % DG/SR modification begin - Jun. 1, 1998 - Patch 3 (from Michael Vulis) % a mul y1 moveto 0 y2 rlineto stroke /x1 x1 1 add def } repeat grestore } % def a mul y1 moveto 0 y2 rlineto stroke /x1 x1 1 add def } repeat grestore pop pop } def % DG/SR modification end /BeginArrow { ADict begin /@mtrx CM def gsave 2 copy T 2 index sub neg exch 3 index sub exch Atan rotate newpath } def /EndArrow { @mtrx setmatrix CP grestore end } def /Arrow { CLW mul add dup 2 div /w ED mul dup /h ED mul /a ED { 0 h T 1 -1 scale } if w neg h moveto 0 0 L w h L w neg a neg rlineto gsave fill grestore } def /Tbar { CLW mul add /z ED z -2 div CLW 2 div moveto z 0 rlineto stroke 0 CLW moveto } def /Bracket { CLW mul add dup CLW sub 2 div /x ED mul CLW add /y ED /z CLW 2 div def x neg y moveto x neg CLW 2 div L x CLW 2 div L x y L stroke 0 CLW moveto } def /RoundBracket { CLW mul add dup 2 div /x ED mul /y ED /mtrx CM def 0 CLW 2 div T x y mul 0 ne { x y scale } if 1 1 moveto .85 .5 .35 0 0 0 curveto -.35 0 -.85 .5 -1 1 curveto mtrx setmatrix stroke 0 CLW moveto } def /SD { 0 360 arc fill } def /EndDot { { /z DS def } { /z 0 def } ifelse /b ED 0 z DS SD b { 0 z DS CLW sub SD } if 0 DS z add CLW 4 div sub moveto } def
/Shadow { [ { /moveto load } { /lineto load } { /curveto load } { /closepath load } /pathforall load stopped { pop pop pop pop CP /moveto load } if ] cvx newpath 3 1 roll T exec } def /NArray { aload length 2 div dup dup cvi eq not { exch pop } if /n exch cvi def } def /NArray { /f ED counttomark 2 div dup cvi /n ED n eq not { exch pop } if f { ] aload /Points ED } { n 2 mul 1 add -1 roll pop } ifelse } def /Line { NArray n 0 eq not { n 1 eq { 0 0 /n 2 def } if ArrowA /n n 2 sub def n { Lineto } repeat CP 4 2 roll ArrowB L pop pop } if } def /Arcto { /a [ 6 -2 roll ] cvx def a r /arcto load stopped { 5 } { 4 } ifelse { pop } repeat a } def /CheckClosed { dup n 2 mul 1 sub index eq 2 index n 2 mul 1 add index eq and { pop pop /n n 1 sub def } if } def /Polygon { NArray n 2 eq { 0 0 /n 3 def } if n 3 lt { n { pop pop } repeat } { n 3 gt { CheckClosed } if n 2 mul -2 roll /y0 ED /x0 ED /y1 ED /x1 ED x1 y1 /x1 x0 x1 add 2 div def /y1 y0 y1 add 2 div def x1 y1 moveto /n n 2 sub def n { Lineto } repeat x1 y1 x0 y0 6 4 roll Lineto Lineto pop pop closepath } ifelse } def /Diamond { /mtrx CM def T rotate /h ED /w ED dup 0 eq { pop } { CLW mul neg /d ED /a w h Atan def /h d a sin Div h add def /w d a cos Div w add def } ifelse mark w 2 div h 2 div w 0 0 h neg w neg 0 0 h w 2 div h 2 div /ArrowA { moveto } def /ArrowB { } def false Line closepath mtrx setmatrix } def % DG modification begin - Jan. 15, 1997 %/Triangle { /mtrx CM def translate rotate /h ED 2 div /w ED dup 0 eq { %pop } { CLW mul /d ED /h h d w h Atan sin Div sub def /w w d h w Atan 2 %div dup cos exch sin Div mul sub def } ifelse mark 0 d w neg d 0 h w d 0 %d /ArrowA { moveto } def /ArrowB { } def false Line closepath mtrx %setmatrix } def /Triangle { /mtrx CM def translate rotate /h ED 2 div /w ED dup CLW mul /d ED /h h d w h Atan sin Div sub def /w w d h w Atan 2 div dup cos exch sin Div mul sub def mark 0 d w neg d 0 h w d 0 d /ArrowA { moveto } def /ArrowB { } def false Line closepath mtrx % DG/SR modification begin - Jun. 1, 1998 - Patch 3 (from Michael Vulis) % setmatrix } def setmatrix pop } def % DG/SR modification end /CCA { /y ED /x ED 2 copy y sub /dy1 ED x sub /dx1 ED /l1 dx1 dy1 Pyth def } def /CCA { /y ED /x ED 2 copy y sub /dy1 ED x sub /dx1 ED /l1 dx1 dy1 Pyth def } def /CC { /l0 l1 def /x1 x dx sub def /y1 y dy sub def /dx0 dx1 def /dy0 dy1 def CCA /dx dx0 l1 c exp mul dx1 l0 c exp mul add def /dy dy0 l1 c exp mul dy1 l0 c exp mul add def /m dx0 dy0 Atan dx1 dy1 Atan sub 2 div cos abs b exp a mul dx dy Pyth Div 2 div def /x2 x l0 dx mul m mul sub def /y2 y l0 dy mul m mul sub def /dx l1 dx mul m mul neg def /dy l1 dy mul m mul neg def } def /IC { /c c 1 add def c 0 lt { /c 0 def } { c 3 gt { /c 3 def } if } ifelse /a a 2 mul 3 div 45 cos b exp div def CCA /dx 0 def /dy 0 def } def /BOC { IC CC x2 y2 x1 y1 ArrowA CP 4 2 roll x y curveto } def /NC { CC x1 y1 x2 y2 x y curveto } def /EOC { x dx sub y dy sub 4 2 roll ArrowB 2 copy curveto } def /BAC { IC CC x y moveto CC x1 y1 CP ArrowA } def /NAC { x2 y2 x y curveto CC x1 y1 } def /EAC { x2 y2 x y ArrowB curveto pop pop } def /OpenCurve { NArray n 3 lt { n { pop pop } repeat } { BOC /n n 3 sub def n { NC } repeat EOC } ifelse } def /AltCurve { { false NArray n 2 mul 2 roll [ n 2 mul 3 sub 1 roll ] aload
/Points ED n 2 mul -2 roll } { false NArray } ifelse n 4 lt { n { pop pop } repeat } { BAC /n n 4 sub def n { NAC } repeat EAC } ifelse } def /ClosedCurve { NArray n 3 lt { n { pop pop } repeat } { n 3 gt { CheckClosed } if 6 copy n 2 mul 6 add 6 roll IC CC x y moveto n { NC } repeat closepath pop pop } ifelse } def /SQ { /r ED r r moveto r r neg L r neg r neg L r neg r L fill } def /ST { /y ED /x ED x y moveto x neg y L 0 x L fill } def /SP { /r ED gsave 0 r moveto 4 { 72 rotate 0 r L } repeat fill grestore } def /FontDot { DS 2 mul dup matrix scale matrix concatmatrix exch matrix rotate matrix concatmatrix exch findfont exch makefont setfont } def /Rect { x1 y1 y2 add 2 div moveto x1 y2 lineto x2 y2 lineto x2 y1 lineto x1 y1 lineto closepath } def /OvalFrame { x1 x2 eq y1 y2 eq or { pop pop x1 y1 moveto x2 y2 L } { y1 y2 sub abs x1 x2 sub abs 2 copy gt { exch pop } { pop } ifelse 2 div exch { dup 3 1 roll mul exch } if 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse /b ED x1 y1 y2 add 2 div moveto x1 y2 x2 y2 b arcto x2 y2 x2 y1 b arcto x2 y1 x1 y1 b arcto x1 y1 x1 y2 b arcto 16 { pop } repeat closepath } ifelse } def /Frame { CLW mul /a ED 3 -1 roll 2 copy gt { exch } if a sub /y2 ED a add /y1 ED 2 copy gt { exch } if a sub /x2 ED a add /x1 ED 1 index 0 eq { pop pop Rect } { OvalFrame } ifelse } def /BezierNArray { /f ED counttomark 2 div dup cvi /n ED n eq not { exch pop } if n 1 sub neg 3 mod 3 add 3 mod { 0 0 /n n 1 add def } repeat f { ] aload /Points ED } { n 2 mul 1 add -1 roll pop } ifelse } def /OpenBezier { BezierNArray n 1 eq { pop pop } { ArrowA n 4 sub 3 idiv { 6 2 roll 4 2 roll curveto } repeat 6 2 roll 4 2 roll ArrowB curveto } ifelse } def /ClosedBezier { BezierNArray n 1 eq { pop pop } { moveto n 1 sub 3 idiv { 6 2 roll 4 2 roll curveto } repeat closepath } ifelse } def /BezierShowPoints { gsave Points aload length 2 div cvi /n ED moveto n 1 sub { lineto } repeat CLW 2 div SLW [ 4 4 ] 0 setdash stroke grestore } def /Parab { /y0 exch def /x0 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def /dx x0 x1 sub 3 div def /dy y0 y1 sub 3 div def x0 dx sub y0 dy add x1 y1 ArrowA x0 dx add y0 dy add x0 2 mul x1 sub y1 ArrowB curveto /Points [ x1 y1 x0 y0 x0 2 mul x1 sub y1 ] def } def /Grid { newpath /a 4 string def /b ED /c ED /n ED cvi dup 1 lt { pop 1 } if /s ED s div dup 0 eq { pop 1 } if /dy ED s div dup 0 eq { pop 1 } if /dx ED dy div round dy mul /y0 ED dx div round dx mul /x0 ED dy div round cvi /y2 ED dx div round cvi /x2 ED dy div round cvi /y1 ED dx div round cvi /x1 ED /h y2 y1 sub 0 gt { 1 } { -1 } ifelse def /w x2 x1 sub 0 gt { 1 } { -1 } ifelse def b 0 gt { /z1 b 4 div CLW 2 div add def /Helvetica findfont b scalefont setfont /b b .95 mul CLW 2 div add def } if systemdict /setstrokeadjust known { true setstrokeadjust /t { } def } { /t { transform 0.25 sub round 0.25 add exch 0.25 sub round 0.25 add exch itransform } bind def } ifelse gsave n 0 gt { 1 setlinecap [ 0 dy n div ] dy n div 2 div setdash } { 2 setlinecap } ifelse /i x1 def /f y1 dy mul n 0 gt { dy n div 2 div h mul sub } if def /g y2 dy mul n 0 gt { dy n div 2 div h mul add } if def x2 x1 sub w mul 1 add dup 1000 gt { pop 1000 } if { i dx mul dup y0 moveto b 0 gt { gsave c i a cvs dup stringwidth pop /z2 ED w 0 gt {z1} {z1 z2 add neg} ifelse h 0 gt {b neg} {z1} ifelse rmoveto show grestore } if dup t f moveto g t L stroke /i i w add def } repeat grestore gsave n 0 gt % DG/SR modification begin - Nov. 7, 1997 - Patch 1 %{ 1 setlinecap [ 0 dx n div ] dy n div 2 div setdash } { 1 setlinecap [ 0 dx n div ] dx n div 2 div setdash } % DG/SR modification end { 2 setlinecap } ifelse /i y1 def /f x1 dx mul
n 0 gt { dx n div 2 div w mul sub } if def /g x2 dx mul n 0 gt { dx n div 2 div w mul add } if def y2 y1 sub h mul 1 add dup 1000 gt { pop 1000 } if { newpath i dy mul dup x0 exch moveto b 0 gt { gsave c i a cvs dup stringwidth pop /z2 ED w 0 gt {z1 z2 add neg} {z1} ifelse h 0 gt {z1} {b neg} ifelse rmoveto show grestore } if dup f exch t moveto g exch t L stroke /i i h add def } repeat grestore } def /ArcArrow { /d ED /b ED /a ED gsave newpath 0 -1000 moveto clip newpath 0 1 0 0 b grestore c mul /e ED pop pop pop r a e d PtoC y add exch x add exch r a PtoC y add exch x add exch b pop pop pop pop a e d CLW 8 div c mul neg d } def /Ellipse { /mtrx CM def T scale 0 0 1 5 3 roll arc mtrx setmatrix } def /Rot { CP CP translate 3 -1 roll neg rotate NET } def /RotBegin { tx@Dict /TMatrix known not { /TMatrix { } def /RAngle { 0 } def } if /TMatrix [ TMatrix CM ] cvx def /a ED a Rot /RAngle [ RAngle dup a add ] cvx def } def /RotEnd { /TMatrix [ TMatrix setmatrix ] cvx def /RAngle [ RAngle pop ] cvx def } def /PutCoor { gsave CP T CM STV exch exec moveto setmatrix CP grestore } def /PutBegin { /TMatrix [ TMatrix CM ] cvx def CP 4 2 roll T moveto } def /PutEnd { CP /TMatrix [ TMatrix setmatrix ] cvx def moveto } def /Uput { /a ED add 2 div /h ED 2 div /w ED /s a sin def /c a cos def /b s abs c abs 2 copy gt dup /q ED { pop } { exch pop } ifelse def /w1 c b div w mul def /h1 s b div h mul def q { w1 abs w sub dup c mul abs } { h1 abs h sub dup s mul abs } ifelse } def /UUput { /z ED abs /y ED /x ED q { x s div c mul abs y gt } { x c div s mul abs y gt } ifelse { x x mul y y mul sub z z mul add sqrt z add } { q { x s div } { x c div } ifelse abs } ifelse a PtoC h1 add exch w1 add exch } def /BeginOL { dup (all) eq exch TheOL eq or { IfVisible not { Visible /IfVisible true def } if } { IfVisible { Invisible /IfVisible false def } if } ifelse } def /InitOL { /OLUnit [ 3000 3000 matrix defaultmatrix dtransform ] cvx def /Visible { CP OLUnit idtransform T moveto } def /Invisible { CP OLUnit neg exch neg exch idtransform T moveto } def /BOL { BeginOL } def /IfVisible true def } def end % END pstricks.pro %%EndProcSet %%BeginProcSet: pst-dots.pro %!PS-Adobe-2.0 %%Title: Dot Font for PSTricks %%Creator: Timothy Van Zandt <[e-mail]> %%Creation Date: May 7, 1993 %% Version 97 patch 1, 99/12/16 %% Modified by Etienne Riga <[e-mail]> - Dec. 16, 1999 %% to add /Diamond, /SolidDiamond and /BoldDiamond 10 dict dup begin /FontType 3 def /FontMatrix [ .001 0 0 .001 0 0 ] def /FontBBox [ 0 0 0 0 ] def /Encoding 256 array def 0 1 255 { Encoding exch /.notdef put } for Encoding dup (b) 0 get /Bullet put dup (c) 0 get /Circle put dup (C) 0 get /BoldCircle put dup (u) 0 get /SolidTriangle put dup (t) 0 get /Triangle put
dup dup dup dup dup dup dup % DG/SR dup dup %
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(T) 0 get /BoldTriangle put (r) 0 get /SolidSquare put (s) 0 get /Square put (S) 0 get /BoldSquare put (q) 0 get /SolidPentagon put (p) 0 get /Pentagon put (P) 0 get /BoldPentagon put modification begin - Dec. 16, 1999 - From Etienne Riga (l) 0 get /SolidDiamond put (d) 0 get /Diamond put (D) 0 get /BoldDiamond put DG/SR modification end /Metrics 13 dict def Metrics begin /Bullet 1000 def /Circle 1000 def /BoldCircle 1000 def /SolidTriangle 1344 def /Triangle 1344 def /BoldTriangle 1344 def /SolidSquare 886 def /Square 886 def /BoldSquare 886 def /SolidPentagon 1093.2 def /Pentagon 1093.2 def /BoldPentagon 1093.2 def DG/SR modification begin - Dec. 16, 1999 - From Etienne Riga /SolidDiamond 1008 def /Diamond 1008 def /BoldDiamond 1008 def DG/SR modification end /.notdef 0 def end /BBoxes 13 dict def BBoxes begin /Circle { -550 -550 550 550 } def /BoldCircle /Circle load def /Bullet /Circle load def /Triangle { -571.5 -330 571.5 660 } def /BoldTriangle /Triangle load def /SolidTriangle /Triangle load def /Square { -450 -450 450 450 } def /BoldSquare /Square load def /SolidSquare /Square load def /Pentagon { -546.6 -465 546.6 574.7 } def /BoldPentagon /Pentagon load def /SolidPentagon /Pentagon load def DG/SR modification begin - Dec. 16, 1999 - From Etienne Riga /Diamond { -428.5 -742.5 428.5 742.5 } def /BoldDiamond /Diamond load def /SolidDiamond /Diamond load def DG/SR modification end /.notdef { 0 0 0 0 } def end /CharProcs 20 dict def CharProcs begin /Adjust { 2 copy dtransform floor .5 add exch floor .5 add exch idtransform 3 -1 roll div 3 1 roll exch div exch scale
{ 0 0 500 0 360 arc closepath } def { 500 500 Adjust CirclePath fill } def { 500 500 Adjust CirclePath .9 .9 scale CirclePath eofill } def /BoldCircle { 500 500 Adjust CirclePath .8 .8 scale CirclePath eofill } def /BoldCircle { CirclePath .8 .8 scale CirclePath eofill } def /TrianglePath { 0 660 moveto -571.5 -330 lineto 571.5 -330 lineto closepath } def /SolidTriangle { TrianglePath fill } def /Triangle { TrianglePath .85 .85 scale TrianglePath eofill } def /BoldTriangle { TrianglePath .7 .7 scale TrianglePath eofill } def /SquarePath { -450 450 moveto 450 450 lineto 450 -450 lineto -450 -450 lineto closepath } def /SolidSquare { SquarePath fill } def /Square { SquarePath .89 .89 scale SquarePath eofill } def /BoldSquare { SquarePath .78 .78 scale SquarePath eofill } def /PentagonPath { -337.8 -465 moveto 337.8 -465 lineto 546.6 177.6 lineto 0 574.7 lineto -546.6 177.6 lineto closepath } def /SolidPentagon { PentagonPath fill } def /Pentagon { PentagonPath .89 .89 scale PentagonPath eofill } def /BoldPentagon { PentagonPath .78 .78 scale PentagonPath eofill } def % DG/SR modification begin - Dec. 16, 1999 - From Etienne Riga /DiamondPath { 0 742.5 moveto -428.5 0 lineto 0 -742.5 lineto 428.5 0 lineto closepath } def /SolidDiamond { DiamondPath fill } def /Diamond { DiamondPath .85 .85 scale DiamondPath eofill } def /BoldDiamond { DiamondPath .7 .7 scale DiamondPath eofill } def % DG/SR modification end /.notdef { } def end /BuildGlyph { exch begin Metrics 1 index get exec 0 BBoxes 3 index get exec setcachedevice CharProcs begin load exec end end } def /BuildChar { 1 index /Encoding get exch get 1 index /BuildGlyph get exec } bind def end /PSTricksDotFont exch definefont pop %END pst-dots.pro %%EndProcSet %%BeginProcSet: bbad153f.enc % Thomas Esser, Dec 2002. public domain %
} def /CirclePath /Bullet /Circle
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/col20 /col21 /col22 /col23 /col24 /col25 /col26 /col27 /col28 /col29 /col30 /col31
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def def def def def def def def def def def def
end save newpath 0 74 moveto 0 0 lineto 278 0 lineto 278 74 lineto closepath clip newpath -138.6 162.9 translate 1 -1 scale % This junk string is used by the show operators /PATsstr 1 string def /PATawidthshow { % cx cy cchar rx ry string % Loop over each character in the string { % cx cy cchar rx ry char % Show the character dup % cx cy cchar rx ry char char PATsstr dup 0 4 -1 roll put % cx cy cchar rx ry char (char) false charpath % cx cy cchar rx ry char /clip load PATdraw % Move past the character (charpath modified the % current point) currentpoint % cx cy cchar rx ry char x y newpath moveto % cx cy cchar rx ry char % Reposition by cx,cy if the character in the string is cchar 3 index eq { % cx cy cchar rx ry 4 index 4 index rmoveto } if % Reposition all characters by rx ry 2 copy rmoveto % cx cy cchar rx ry } forall pop pop pop pop pop % currentpoint newpath moveto } bind def /PATcg { 7 dict dup begin /lw currentlinewidth def /lc currentlinecap def /lj currentlinejoin def /ml currentmiterlimit def /ds [ currentdash ] def /cc [ currentrgbcolor ] def /cm matrix currentmatrix def end } bind def % PATdraw - calculates the boundaries of the object and % fills it with the current pattern
/PATdraw { % proc save exch PATpcalc % proc nw nh px py 5 -1 roll exec % nw nh px py newpath PATfill % restore } bind def % PATfill - performs the tiling for the shape /PATfill { % nw nh px py PATfill PATDict /CurrentPattern get dup begin setfont % Set the coordinate system to Pattern Space PatternGState PATsg % Set the color for uncolored pattezns PaintType 2 eq { PATDict /PColor get PATsc } if % Create the string for showing 3 index string % nw nh px py str % Loop for each of the pattern sources 0 1 Multi 1 sub { % nw nh px py str source % Move to the starting location 3 index 3 index % nw nh px py str source px py moveto % nw nh px py str source % For multiple sources, set the appropriate color Multi 1 ne { dup PC exch get PATsc } if % Set the appropriate string for the source 0 1 7 index 1 sub { 2 index exch 2 index put } for pop % Loop over the number of vertical cells 3 index % nw nh px py str nh { % nw nh px py str currentpoint % nw nh px py str cx cy 2 index oldshow % nw nh px py str cx cy YStep add moveto % nw nh px py str } repeat % nw nh px py str } for 5 { pop } repeat end } bind def % PATkshow - kshow with the current pattezn /PATkshow { % proc string exch bind % string proc 1 index 0 get % string proc char % Loop over all but the last character in the string 0 1 4 index length 2 sub { % string proc char idx % Find the n+1th character in the string 3 index exch 1 add get % string proc char char+1 exch 2 copy % strinq proc char+1 char char+1 char % Now show the nth character PATsstr dup 0 4 -1 roll put % string proc chr+1 chr chr+1 (chr) false charpath % string proc char+1 char char+1 /clip load PATdraw % Move past the character (charpath modified the current point) currentpoint newpath moveto % Execute the user proc (should consume char and char+1) mark 3 1 roll % string proc char+1 mark char char+1 4 index exec % string proc char+1 mark... cleartomark % string proc char+1
} for % Now display the last character PATsstr dup 0 4 -1 roll put % string proc (char+1) false charpath % string proc /clip load PATdraw neewath pop pop % } bind def % PATmp - the makepattern equivalent /PATmp { % patdict patmtx PATmp patinstance exch dup length 7 add % We will add 6 new entries plus 1 FID dict copy % Create a new dictionary begin % Matrix to install when painting the pattern TilingType PATtcalc /PatternGState PATcg def PatternGState /cm 3 -1 roll put % Check for multi pattern sources (Level 1 fast color patterns) currentdict /Multi known not { /Multi 1 def } if % Font dictionary definitions /FontType 3 def % Create a dummy encoding vector /Encoding 256 array def 3 string 0 1 255 { Encoding exch dup 3 index cvs cvn put } for pop /FontMatrix matrix def /FontBBox BBox def /BuildChar { mark 3 1 roll % mark dict char exch begin Multi 1 ne {PaintData exch get}{pop} ifelse % mark [paintdata] PaintType 2 eq Multi 1 ne or { XStep 0 FontBBox aload pop setcachedevice } { XStep 0 setcharwidth } ifelse currentdict % mark [paintdata] dict /PaintProc load % mark [paintdata] dict paintproc end gsave false PATredef exec true PATredef grestore cleartomark % } bind def currentdict end % newdict /foo exch % /foo newlict definefont % newfont } bind def % PATpcalc - calculates the starting point and width/height % of the tile fill for the shape /PATpcalc { % - PATpcalc nw nh px py PATDict /CurrentPattern get begin gsave % Set up the coordinate system to Pattern Space % and lock down pattern PatternGState /cm get setmatrix BBox aload pop pop pop translate % Determine the bounding box of the shape pathbbox % llx lly urx ury grestore
% Determine (nw, nh) the PatHeight div ceiling 4 1 roll PatWidth div ceiling 4 1 roll PatHeight div floor 4 1 roll PatWidth div floor 4 1 roll 2 index sub cvi abs exch 3 index sub cvi abs % Determine the starting %(px, py) 4 2 roll PatHeight mul exch PatWidth mul exch end } bind def
# of cells to paint width and height % llx lly urx qh % qh llx lly urx % qh llx lly qw % qw qh llx lly % qw qh llx ph % ph qw qh llx % ph qw qh pw % pw ph qw qh % pw ph qs qh-ph exch % pw ph nw=qw-pw nh=qh-ph point of the pattern fill % % nw nh % nw nh % nw pw py nw nh pw ph py pw nh px py
% Save the original routines so that we can use them later on /oldfill /fill load def /oldeofill /eofill load def /oldstroke /stroke load def /oldshow /show load def /oldashow /ashow load def /oldwidthshow /widthshow load def /oldawidthshow /awidthshow load def /oldkshow /kshow load def % These defs are necessary so that subsequent procs don't bind in % the originals /fill { oldfill } bind def /eofill { oldeofill } bind def /stroke { oldstroke } bind def /show { oldshow } bind def /ashow { oldashow } bind def /widthshow { oldwidthshow } bind def /awidthshow { oldawidthshow } bind def /kshow { oldkshow } bind def /PATredef { MyAppDict begin { /fill { /clip load PATdraw newpath } bind def /eofill { /eoclip load PATdraw newpath } bind def /stroke { PATstroke } bind def /show { 0 0 null 0 0 6 -1 roll PATawidthshow } bind def /ashow { 0 0 null 6 3 roll PATawidthshow } bind def /widthshow { 0 0 3 -1 roll PATawidthshow } bind def /awidthshow { PATawidthshow } bind def /kshow { PATkshow } bind def } { /fill { oldfill } bind def /eofill { oldeofill } bind def /stroke { oldstroke } bind def /show { oldshow } bind def /ashow { oldashow } bind def
/widthshow { oldwidthshow } bind def /awidthshow { oldawidthshow } bind def /kshow { oldkshow } bind def } ifelse end } bind def false PATredef % Conditionally define setcmykcolor if not available /setcmykcolor where { pop } { /setcmykcolor { 1 sub 4 1 roll 3 { 3 index add neg dup 0 lt { pop 0 } if 3 1 roll } repeat setrgbcolor - pop } bind def } ifelse /PATsc { % colorarray aload length % c1 ... cn length dup 1 eq { pop setgray } { 3 eq { setrgbcolor } { setcmykcolor } ifelse } ifelse } bind def /PATsg { % dict begin lw setlinewidth lc setlinecap lj setlinejoin ml setmiterlimit ds aload pop setdash cc aload pop setrgbcolor cm setmatrix end } bind def /PATDict 3 dict def /PATsp { true PATredef PATDict begin /CurrentPattern exch def % If it's an uncolored pattern, save the color CurrentPattern /PaintType get 2 eq { /PColor exch def } if /CColor [ currentrgbcolor ] def end } bind def % PATstroke - stroke with the current pattern /PATstroke { countdictstack save mark { currentpoint strokepath moveto PATpcalc % proc nw nh px py clip newpath PATfill } stopped { (*** PATstroke Warning: Path is too complex, stroking with gray) = cleartomark
restore countdictstack exch sub dup 0 gt { { end } repeat } { pop } ifelse gsave 0.5 setgray oldstroke grestore } { pop restore pop } ifelse newpath } bind def /PATtcalc { % modmtx tilingtype PATtcalc tilematrix % Note: tiling types 2 and 3 are not supported gsave exch concat % tilingtype matrix currentmatrix exch % cmtx tilingtype % Tiling type 1 and 3: constant spacing 2 ne { % Distort the pattern so that it occupies % an integral number of device pixels dup 4 get exch dup 5 get exch % tx ty cmtx XStep 0 dtransform round exch round exch % tx ty cmtx dx.x dx.y XStep div exch XStep div exch % tx ty cmtx a b 0 YStep dtransform round exch round exch % tx ty cmtx a b dy.x dy.y YStep div exch YStep div exch % tx ty cmtx a b c d 7 -3 roll astore % { a b c d tx ty } } if grestore } bind def /PATusp { false PATredef PATDict begin CColor PATsc end } bind def % right45 11 dict begin /PaintType 1 def /PatternType 1 def /TilingType 1 def /BBox [0 0 1 1] def /XStep 1 def /YStep 1 def /PatWidth 1 def /PatHeight 1 def /Multi 2 def /PaintData [ { clippath } bind { 20 20 true [ 20 0 0 -20 0 20 ] {<0040100080200100400200800401000802001004 0020080040100080200000401000802001004002 0080040100080200100400200800401000802000>} imagemask } bind ] def /PaintProc { pop exec fill } def currentdict end
/P5 exch def % right-shingles 11 dict begin /PaintType 1 def /PatternType 1 def /TilingType 1 def /BBox [0 0 1 1] def /XStep 1 def /YStep 1 def /PatWidth 1 def /PatHeight 1 def /Multi 2 def /PaintData [ { clippath } bind { 48 48 true [ 48 0 0 -48 0 48 ] {<000000000080000000000080000000000040000000000040 000000000020000000000020000000000010000000000010 000000000008000000000008000000000004000000000004 000000000002000000000002000000000001ffffffffffff 008000000000008000000000004000000000004000000000 002000000000002000000000001000000000001000000000 000800000000000800000000000400000000000400000000 000200000000000200000000000100000000ffffffffffff 000000800000000000800000000000400000000000400000 000000200000000000200000000000100000000000100000 000000080000000000080000000000040000000000040000 000000020000000000020000000000010000ffffffffffff>} imagemask } bind ] def /PaintProc { pop exec fill } def currentdict end /P13 exch def % vertical left-shingles 11 dict begin /PaintType 1 def /PatternType 1 def /TilingType 1 def /BBox [0 0 1 1] def /XStep 1 def /YStep 1 def /PatWidth 1 def /PatHeight 1 def /Multi 2 def /PaintData [ { clippath } bind { 48 48 true [ 48 0 0 -48 0 48 ] {<000100010001000100010001000100010001000100010001 000100010001000100010001000100010001000100010001 000180010001000160010001000118010001000106010001 000101810001000100610001000100190001000100070001 000100010001000100010001000100010001000100010001 000100010001000100010001000100010001000100010001 000100018001000100016001000100011801000100010601
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0 setgray 6000 3930 a 300 4018 5700 9 v 300 4176 a Fg(CS350)2066 b(Operating)29 b(Systems)1791 b(W)-5 b(inter)29 b(2007)p eop end PStoPSsaved restore %%Page: (6,7) 4 userdict/PStoPSsaved save put PStoPSmatrix setmatrix 527.294118 414.000000 translate 90 rotate 0.558824 dup scale userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto 612.000000 0 rlineto 0 792.000000 rlineto -612.000000 0 rlineto closepath}put initclip gsave clippath 0 setgray 1.000000 setlinewidth stroke grestore /showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def PStoPSxform concat TeXDict begin @landscape 7 6 bop 300 -503 a Fg(Processes)29 b(and)h(Threads)4548 b(7)p 300 -453 5700 9 v 2679 -151 a Ff(System)44 b(Calls)438 866 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(System)43 b(calls)h(are)g(the)f(interf)n(ace)j(between)f(processes)g(and)e(the)h (k)n(ernel.)438 1211 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(A)43 b(process)i(uses)e(system)h (calls)f(to)g(request)i(operating)f(system)f(services.)438 1555 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(From)43 b(point)g(of)h(vie)l(w)f(of)h(the)f (process,)i(these)e(services)i(are)f(used)g(to)f(manipulate)h(the)610 1799 y(abstractions)h(that)e(are)h(part)g(of)f(its)g(e)m(x)m(ecution)j (en)-7 b(vironment.)54 b(F)m(or)44 b(e)m(xample,)h(a)e(process)610 2043 y(might)g(use)g(a)h(system)f(call)h(to)679 2337 y Ff(\226)86 b Fe(open)44 b(a)f(\002le)679 2631 y Ff(\226)86 b Fe(send)44 b(a)f(message)i(o)m(v)m(er)f(a)g(pipe)679 2925 y Ff(\226)86 b Fe(create)45 b(another)f(process)679 3220 y Ff(\226)86 b Fe(increase)45 b(the)f(size)f(of)h(its)f(address)h (space)6000 3930 y 0 setgray 6000 3930 a 300 4018 5700 9 v 300 4176 a Fg(CS350)2066 b(Operating)29 b(Systems)1791 b(W)-5 b(inter)29 b(2007)p eop end PStoPSsaved restore userdict/PStoPSsaved save put PStoPSmatrix setmatrix 527.294118 36.000000 translate 90 rotate 0.558824 dup scale userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto 612.000000 0 rlineto 0 792.000000 rlineto -612.000000 0 rlineto closepath}put initclip gsave clippath 0 setgray 1.000000 setlinewidth stroke grestore PStoPSxform concat TeXDict begin @landscape 8 7 bop 300 -503 a Fg(Processes)29 b(and)h(Threads)4548 b(8)p 300 -453 5700 9 v 2256 -151 a Ff(Ho)n(w)43 b(System)h(Calls)g(W)-13 b(ork)438 688 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(The)44 b(hardw)n(are)i(pro)m(vides)e(a)g(mechanism)g (that)f(a)h(running)f(program)i(can)f(use)f(to)g(cause)610 932 y(a)g(system)h(call.)54 b(Often,)44 b(it)f(is)g(a)g(special)h (instruction,)g(e.g.,)g(the)f(MIPS)g Fa(syscall)610 1176 y Fe(instruction.)438 1520 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(What)43
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/Times-Roman ff 180.00 scf sf 3150 3150 m gs 1 -1 sc (context switch) col0 sh gr /Times-Roman ff 180.00 scf sf 5850 3000 m gs 1 -1 sc (system call) col0 sh gr /Times-Roman ff 180.00 scf sf 5850 3225 m gs 1 -1 sc (or exception) col0 sh gr /Times-Roman ff 180.00 scf sf 5850 3450 m gs 1 -1 sc (or interrupt) col0 sh gr /Times-Roman ff 180.00 scf sf 3300 4125 m gs 1 -1 sc (return) col0 sh gr % here ends figure; $F2psEnd rs showpage %%Trailer %EOF %%EndDocument @endspecial 6000 3930 a 0 setgray 6000 3930 a 300 4018 5700 9 v 300 4176 a Fg(CS350)2066 b(Operating)29 b(Systems)1791 b(W)-5 b(inter)29 b(2007)p eop end PStoPSsaved restore userdict/PStoPSsaved save put PStoPSmatrix setmatrix 527.294118 36.000000 translate 90 rotate 0.558824 dup scale userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto 612.000000 0 rlineto 0 792.000000 rlineto -612.000000 0 rlineto closepath}put initclip gsave clippath 0 setgray 1.000000 setlinewidth stroke grestore PStoPSxform concat TeXDict begin @landscape 20 19 bop 300 -503 a Fg(Processes)29 b(and)h(Threads)4487 b(20)p 300 -453 5700 9 v 1235 -151 a Ff(Summary)44 b(of)g(Hard)m(war)m(e)g(F)l(eatur)m(es)h(Used)e(by)g (the)h(K)l(er)m(nel)300 1038 y(Interrupts)g(and)f(Exceptions,)87 b Fe(such)43 b(as)h(timer)f(interrupts,)h(gi)l(v)m(e)g(the)f(k)n(ernel) i(the)610 1282 y(opportunity)f(to)f(re)m(g)o(ain)h(control)g(from)g (user)g(programs.)300 1627 y Ff(Memory)g(management)h(featur)m(es,)88 b Fe(such)44 b(as)f(memory)h(protection,)g(allo)l(w)g(the)f(k)n(ernel)i (to)610 1871 y(protect)f(its)f(address)h(space)h(from)f(user)f (programs.)300 2215 y Ff(Pri)n(vileged)h(execution)h(mode)86 b Fe(allo)l(ws)44 b(the)f(k)n(ernel)i(to)e(reserv)m(e)i(critical)g (machine)610 2459 y(functions)f(\(e.g,)g(halt\))g(for)f(its)g(o)l(wn)g (use.)300 2804 y Ff(Independent)g(I/O)g(de)m(vices)88 b Fe(allo)l(w)43 b(the)g(k)n(ernel)i(to)e(schedule)h(other)g(w)n(ork)h (while)e(I/O)610 3047 y(operations)h(are)h(on-going.)6000 3930 y 0 setgray 6000 3930 a 300 4018 5700 9 v 300 4176 a Fg(CS350)2066 b(Operating)29 b(Systems)1791 b(W)-5 b(inter)29 b(2007)p
eop end PStoPSsaved restore %%Page: (20,21) 11 userdict/PStoPSsaved save put PStoPSmatrix setmatrix 527.294118 414.000000 translate 90 rotate 0.558824 dup scale userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto 612.000000 0 rlineto 0 792.000000 rlineto -612.000000 0 rlineto closepath}put initclip gsave clippath 0 setgray 1.000000 setlinewidth stroke grestore /showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def PStoPSxform concat TeXDict begin @landscape 21 20 bop 300 -503 a Fg(Processes)29 b(and)h(Threads)4487 b(21)p 300 -453 5700 9 v 2518 -151 a Ff(Pr)m(ocess)45 b(Interface)438 1038 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(A)43 b(running)h(program)g(may)g(use)g(process-related)i(system)d (calls)h(to)f(manipulate)h(its)610 1282 y(o)l(wn)f(process,)i(or)e (other)h(processes)h(in)e(the)g(system.)438 1627 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(The)44 b(process)g(interf)n(ace)i(will)d(usually)g(include:)610 1921 y Ff(Cr)m(eation:)88 b Fe(mak)n(e)44 b(ne)l(w)g(processes,)g (e.g.,)g Fa(Exec)g Fe(in)f(Nachos)610 2215 y Ff(Destruction:)88 b Fe(terminate)45 b(a)e(process,)h(e.g.,)g Fa(Exit)h Fe(in)e(Nachos)610 2509 y Ff(Synchr)m(onization:)87 b Fe(w)n(ait)44 b(for)f(some)h(e)l(v)m(ent,)g(e.g.,)g Fa(Join)g Fe(in)f(Nachos)610 2804 y Ff(Attrib)m(ute)h(Mgmt:)87 b Fe(read)44 b(or)g(change)g(process)h(attrib)m(utes,)e(such)h(as)g (the)f(process)851 3047 y(identi\002er)h(or)f(o)l(wner)h(or)g (scheduling)g(priority)6000 3930 y 0 setgray 6000 3930 a 300 4018 5700 9 v 300 4176 a Fg(CS350)2066 b(Operating)29 b(Systems)1791 b(W)-5 b(inter)29 b(2007)p eop end PStoPSsaved restore userdict/PStoPSsaved save put PStoPSmatrix setmatrix 527.294118 36.000000 translate 90 rotate 0.558824 dup scale userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto 612.000000 0 rlineto 0 792.000000 rlineto -612.000000 0 rlineto closepath}put initclip gsave clippath 0 setgray 1.000000 setlinewidth stroke grestore PStoPSxform concat TeXDict begin @landscape 22 21 bop 300 -503 a Fg(Processes)29 b(and)h(Threads)4487 b(22)p 300 -453 5700 9 v 2453 -154 a Ff(The)43 b(Pr)m(ocess)i(Model)438 869 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(Although)44 b(the)f(general)i(operations)f(supported)g(by)g(the)f (process)h(interf)n(ace)i(are)610 1113 y(straightforw)n(ard,)g(there)e (are)g(some)g(less)f(ob)m(vious)h(aspects)g(of)g(process)g(beha)m (viour)g(that)610 1356 y(must)f(be)g(de\002ned)h(by)g(an)f(operating)i (system.)610 1651 y Ff(Pr)m(ocess)g(Initialization:)86 b Fe(When)43 b(a)h(ne)l(w)f(process)i(is)e(created,)i(ho)l(w)e(is)g(it) g(initialized?)851 1894 y(What)g(is)g(in)g(the)g(address)i(space?)55 b(What)43 b(is)g(the)g(initial)g(thread)i(conte)m(xt?)55 b(Does)44 b(it)851 2138 y(ha)m(v)m(e)g(an)m(y)g(other)g(resources?)610
2432 y Ff(Multithr)m(eading:)86 b Fe(Are)44 b(concurrent)i(processes)e (supported,)h(or)e(is)g(each)i(process)851 2676 y(limited)e(to)g(a)h (single)f(thread?)610 2970 y Ff(Inter)-6 b(-Pr)m(ocess)45 b(Relationships:)87 b Fe(Are)44 b(there)g(relationships)g(among)g (processes,)h(e.g,)851 3214 y(parent/child?)55 b(If)44 b(so,)f(what)h(do)f(these)h(relationships)g(mean?)6000 3930 y 0 setgray 6000 3930 a 300 4018 5700 9 v 300 4176 a Fg(CS350)2066 b(Operating)29 b(Systems)1791 b(W)-5 b(inter)29 b(2007)p eop end PStoPSsaved restore %%Page: (22,23) 12 userdict/PStoPSsaved save put PStoPSmatrix setmatrix 527.294118 414.000000 translate 90 rotate 0.558824 dup scale userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto 612.000000 0 rlineto 0 792.000000 rlineto -612.000000 0 rlineto closepath}put initclip gsave clippath 0 setgray 1.000000 setlinewidth stroke grestore /showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def PStoPSxform concat TeXDict begin @landscape 23 22 bop 300 -503 a Fg(Processes)29 b(and)h(Threads)4487 b(23)p 300 -453 5700 9 v 2114 -151 a Ff(Pr)m(ocessor)45 b(Scheduling)d(Basics)438 572 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(Only)43 b(one)h(thread)g(at)g(a)f(time)g(can)h(run)g (on)f(a)h(processor)-9 b(.)438 917 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(Processor)44 b(scheduling)h(means)f(deciding)g(ho)l(w)f(threads)h(should)f(share)i (the)e(a)m(v)l(ailable)610 1160 y(processor\(s\))438 1505 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(Round-robin)44 b(is)f(a)g(simple)h Fb(pr)-6 b(eemptive)44 b Fe(scheduling)h(polic)m(y:)679 1799 y Ff(\226)86 b Fe(the)43 b(k)n(ernel)i(maintains)f(a)f(list)g(of)g Fb(r)-6 b(eady)44 b Fe(threads)679 2093 y Ff(\226)86 b Fe(the)43 b(\002rst)g(thread)i(on)e(the)g(list)g(is)g Fb(dispatc)m(hed)i Fe(\(allo)l(wed)f(to)f(run\))679 2387 y Ff(\226)86 b Fe(when)44 b(the)f(running)h(thread)h(has)e(run)h(for)f (a)h(certain)h(amount)e(of)h(time,)f(called)h(the)851 2631 y(scheduling)g(quantum,)g(it)f(is)g Fb(pr)-6 b(eempted)679 2925 y Ff(\226)86 b Fe(the)43 b(preempted)i(thread)g(goes)e(to)g(the)h (back)g(of)f(the)h(ready)g(list,)f(and)h(the)f(thread)h(at)851 3169 y(the)f(front)h(of)g(the)f(list)g(is)g(dispatched.)438 3514 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(More)44 b(on)f(scheduling)h(policies)g(later)-9 b(.)6000 3930 y 0 setgray 6000 3930 a 300 4018 5700 9 v 300 4176 a Fg(CS350)2066 b(Operating)29 b(Systems)1791 b(W)-5 b(inter)29 b(2007)p eop end PStoPSsaved restore userdict/PStoPSsaved save put PStoPSmatrix setmatrix 527.294118 36.000000 translate 90 rotate 0.558824 dup scale userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto 612.000000 0 rlineto 0 792.000000 rlineto -612.000000 0 rlineto
closepath}put initclip gsave clippath 0 setgray 1.000000 setlinewidth stroke grestore PStoPSxform concat TeXDict begin @landscape 24 23 bop 300 -503 a Fg(Processes)29 b(and)h(Threads)4487 b(24)p 300 -453 5700 9 v 1766 -151 a Ff(Implementing)44 b(Pr)m(eempti)n(v)n(e)i(Scheduling)438 1455 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(The)44 b(k)n(ernel)g(uses)g(interrupts)g(from)g (the)f(system)h(timer)f(to)g(measure)i(the)e(passage)i(of)610 1698 y(time)e(and)h(to)f(determine)h(whether)h(the)f(running)f (process')-9 b(s)45 b(quantum)e(has)h(e)m(xpired.)438 2043 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(All)43 b(interrupts)h(transfer)h(control)f(from) g(the)f(running)h(program)g(to)f(the)h(k)n(ernel.)438 2387 y Fd(\017)86 b Fe(In)43 b(the)h(case)g(of)g(a)f(timer)h (interrupt,)g(this)f(transfer)i(of)e(control)h(gi)l(v)m(es)g(the)f(k)n (ernel)i(the)610 2631 y(opportunity)f(to)f(preempt)h(the)f(running)h (thread)g(and)g(dispatch)g(a)g(ne)l(w)f(one.)6000 3930 y 0 setgray 6000 3930 a 300 4018 5700 9 v 300 4176 a Fg(CS350)2066 b(Operating)29 b(Systems)1791 b(W)-5 b(inter)29 b(2007)p eop end PStoPSsaved restore %%Page: (24,25) 13 userdict/PStoPSsaved save put PStoPSmatrix setmatrix 527.294118 414.000000 translate 90 rotate 0.558824 dup scale userdict/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix put userdict/PStoPSclip{0 0 moveto 612.000000 0 rlineto 0 792.000000 rlineto -612.000000 0 rlineto closepath}put initclip gsave clippath 0 setgray 1.000000 setlinewidth stroke grestore /showpage{}def/copypage{}def/erasepage{}def PStoPSxform concat TeXDict begin @landscape 25 24 bop 300 -503 a Fg(Processes)29 b(and)h(Threads)4487 b(25)p 300 -453 5700 9 v 1648 -151 a Ff(Pr)m(eempti)n(v)n(e)46 b(Multipr)m(ogramming)e(Example)464 3651 y @beginspecial 0 @llx 0 @lly 478 @urx 299 @ury 1944 @rhi @setspecial %%BeginDocument: figs/timer.eps %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 %%Title: figs/timer.fig %%Creator: fig2dev Version 3.2 Patchlevel 5-alpha5 %%CreationDate: Wed Dec 20 10:52:52 2006 %%For: brecht@ubuntu (Tim Brecht,,,) %%BoundingBox: 0 0 478 299 %Magnification: 1.0000 %%EndComments /$F2psDict 200 dict def $F2psDict begin $F2psDict /mtrx matrix put /col-1 {0 setgray} bind def /col0 {0.000 0.000 0.000 srgb} bind def /col1 {0.000 0.000 1.000 srgb} bind def /col2 {0.000 1.000 0.000 srgb} bind def /col3 {0.000 1.000 1.000 srgb} bind def /col4 {1.000 0.000 0.000 srgb} bind def /col5 {1.000 0.000 1.000 srgb} bind def
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