320 ISC Exam 1 Page 1 of 6 Name ____ KEY 96 points _____________
Multiple Choice. Choose the single best answer. 3 points each.
1. In the "waterfall" method of knowledge engineering, which
phase would precede the others listed?
a) assessment b) build knowledge base
A c) design software model d) test and debug the model
2. Which best demonstrates the principle of "a priori knowledge"?
a) Alex Rodriguez used steroids during 2001 so he was
probably using them the past several years too.
b) Researches found that people from a certain region in Italy lived
significantly longer than those from other regions.
c) The ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus estimated that the sun
was one foot in diameter.
d) Wild birds do not become dependent on bird-feeders and
C do not die when that source is removed.
3. What distinguishes "procedural" from "declarative" knowledge?
a) Procedural describes how to solve a problem, and
declarative describes what is known about a problem.
b) Procedural knowledge comes only in the form of rules,
and all other ways of specifying knowledge is declarative.
c) Procedural knowledge is concrete whereas declarative is abstract.
A d) Declarative knowledge can not be used to solve problems.
4. How would you characterize this "Knowledge Representation" schema?
(chair, color, brown) (chair, fabric, suede)
(couch, color, green) (couch, fabric, polyester)
a) Frames b) Semantic Networks
C c) Object-Attribute-Value triplets d) Rules
5. How would you characterize this "Knowledge Representation" schema?
ANIMAL |
^ ^ |
| is-a |
is-a | |
/ | |
BIRD BEAR_ |
/ | \ \___has__>FUR--is-a-->COVERING |
/ has \ | |
has v \__ | |
| TEETH has is-a |
v | | | |
WINGS has-prop v v |
| CLAWS INSULATOR |
v | |
SHARPNESS<--has-prop |
-----------------------------------------------------
a) Frames b) Semantic Networks
B c) Object-Attribute-Value triplets d) Rules
6. Categorize the following as to the type of reasoning involved.
There are paw prints leading up to that tree but none leading
away, therefore our cat must have been abducted by aliens.
A a) deductive b) inductive c) abductive d) analogical
ISC 320 Exam 1 Page 2 of 6 Name ____ KEY 96 points _____________
7. Categorize the following as to the type of reasoning involved.
Whenever green men appear, our cat disappears. The cat is gone.
So green men must have been here.
[Hint: This is of the form: A -> B. B. Therefore A.
- which is called the "fallacy of affirming the consequent".]
C a) deductive b) inductive c) abductive d) analogical
8. Which best exemplifies the use of meta-knowledge?
a) (defrule monitor-1
(temp (val ?t))
(test (> ?t 1000))
=>
(assert (state (core melt-down))))
b) (defrule controller-1
(temp (val ?t))
(test (> ?t 1000))
=>
(assert (control (scram on))))
c) (defrule logic-1
(temp (val ?t))
(test (> ?t 1000))
=>
(focus CONTROL-MODULE))
d) (defrule planner-1
(temp (val ?t))
(test (> ?t 1000))
=>
C (printout t "memo: create new training manual" crlf))
9. Which component of an Expert System contains domain knowledge?
a) knowledge base b) inference engine
A c) working memory d) User interface
10. Categorize the following rule as to type.
(defrule analyzer-1
(problem (car wont-start))
=>
(printout t "first check the electrical system ... "
"then the fuel system ... "
"then the ignition interlock" crlf))
C a) Relation b) Heuristic c) Strategy d) Directive
11. Categorize the following system, a part of which is shown, as to type.
(defrule new-years-1
(date new-years-eve)
=> (assert (beverage bollinger-brut-champagne)))
(defrule red-meat-1
(entree tbone-steak)
=> (assert (beverage mondavi-pinot-noir)))
B a) Prediction b) Prescription c) Diagnosis d) Simulation
ISC 320 Exam 1 Page 3 of 6 Name ____ KEY 96 points _____________
12. Categorize the following system, a part of which is shown, as to type.
(defrule otto-1
(state (engine getting-gas))
(not (state (engine turns-over)))
=>
(assert (problem (component battery))))
(defrule otto-2
(state (engine turns-over))
(not (state (lights working))
=>
(assert (problem (component spark-plugs))))
C a) Prediction b) Prescription c) Diagnosis d) Simulation
13. The inference strategy that begins with known facts and derives new
facts using rules whose premises match known facts, continues until
a goal state is reached or no new facts can be deduced is called
a) backward chaining b) forward chaining
B c) analogical reasoning d) heuristic reasoning
14. Backward chaining is superior to a forward chaining system when we
a) need to start with data and find the conclusions they imply.
b) begin with a hypothesis and then attempt to prove it.
c) want the rule with highest priority to fire first.
B d) need to model a breadth first search.
15. Which is an appropriate next step in the coding of a system designed
using backward chaining, given we've identified the goal
"buy my first new car"?
a) (defrule A (state purchase car) => (state get money))
b) (defrule A (state get money) => (state purchase car))
c) (defrule A (state get job) => (state get money))
B d) (defrule A (state purchase car) => (state get job))
16. Which demonstrates how a forward-chaining inference technique
provides a considerable amount of information from a small
amount of data? Assume the data are:
(deffacts input-data (finals may-14))
a) (defrule r-1 (finals may-14) => (pack-bags may-12))
(defrule r-2 (finals may-14) => (cram-books (defrule may-13))
r-3 (finals may-14) => (book-flight may-11))
b) (defrule r-1 (pack-bags may-12) => (finals may-14))
(defrule r-2 (cram-books may-13) => (finals may-14))
(defrule r-3 (book-flight may-11) => (finals may-14))
c) (defrule r-1 (pack-bags may-12)
(cram-books may-13)
(book-flight may-11) => (finals may-14))
d) all of the above.
A e) none of the above
17. Of the systems shown in the previous problem, which demonstrates
a system with higher fan-in?
B a) b) c)
ISC 320 Exam 1 Page 4 of 6 Name ____ KEY 96 points _____________
18. After the data for a system have been defined, what is the next step in
design by forward-chaining?
a) define facts b) define data-driven structure
B c) expand system d) define goal rules
19. If facts can lead to a large number of different conclusions, but the
number of ways to reach the particular conclusion in which you are
interested is small, which design technique is indicated?
a) forward chaining b) backward chaining
B c) bottom-up search d) breadth-first search
20. Given
(deftemplate entry (slot word) (slot definition) (slot part-of-speech))
Construct a defrule to print out the definitions of every word
whose part of speech is adjective.
(defrule print-adjectives
(entry (word ?w) (definition ?d) (part-of-speech adjective))
=>
(printout t "the definition of " ?w " is " ?d crlf))
21. What term from cognitive psychology is used to describe
the relationship between situations and actions?
D a) primitive b) and-or tree c) goal agenda d) production
22. Which of the following is true concerning the characteristics of
forward and backward chaining?
a) backward chaining is goal driven and forward chaining is data driven
b) forward chaining facilitates explanation, whereas backward does not
c) backward chaining uses the breadth-first search and forward
chaining uses depth-first search
d) backward chaining resembles a planning type of expert system
A and forward chaining resembles a diagnosis type of expert system
23. Each is a property of a rule-based expert system. Which would not
be considered advantageous?
a) Separation of control from knowledge
b) Consistency checking is possible
c) Allows modular construction
D d) Requires exact matching
24. The header and row "0" of a truth table used by a small-town police
department to decide whether to arrest a male demonstrator is shown. Note
there are three variables and the last column is the decision reached.
Long Hair | Dirty Clothing | Tatoos || Arrest the person
------------|-----------------|-------------||--------------------
No | No | No || No
The mayor decides that officers should bring in the suspect if he
has any two, or all three of the attributes of a "trouble maker".
How many "Yes"es are in the "Arrest the person" column?
C a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) 6 d) 8
ISC 320 Exam 1 Page 5 of 6 Name ____ KEY 96 points _____________
25. Which is the in-order traversal of the given tree assuming the ordering
among siblings and the parent is alphabetical?
______ G ___ a) A B C F G H K M
/ / \ \ b) B A C K F H G M
M C F B c) B C F G M A K H
/ \ \ d) G B C F M A H K
B K A H
26. For the given graph, what is a possible depth-first traversal ordering?
D a) A B E G C D F H
/ \ b) B A E G C D F H
G----C---H c) C D F G H A B E
/ \ \ d) D G C H B A E F
B----A F
|
B E
27. For the same graph, what is a possible breadth-first traversal ordering?
a) A B E G C D F H
b) B A E G C D F H
c) C D F G H A B E
C d)...