exer_4

Course: GEOG 152, Fall 2008
School: Delaware
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Word Count: 21015

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JOB #%-12345X@PJL @PJL SET HOLD=OFF @PJL SET RESOLUTION = 600 @PJL SET BITSPERPIXEL = 2 @PJL SET ECONOMODE = OFF @PJL ENTER LANGUAGE = POSTSCRIPT %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Title: Microsoft Word - exer_4.doc %%Creator: PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2 %%CreationDate: 4/13/2009 16:31:8 %%For: Cort J. Willmott %%BoundingBox: (atend) %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) %%DocumentData: Clean7Bit...

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Coursehero >> Delaware >> Delaware >> GEOG 152

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JOB #%-12345X@PJL @PJL SET HOLD=OFF @PJL SET RESOLUTION = 600 @PJL SET BITSPERPIXEL = 2 @PJL SET ECONOMODE = OFF @PJL ENTER LANGUAGE = POSTSCRIPT %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Title: Microsoft Word - exer_4.doc %%Creator: PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2 %%CreationDate: 4/13/2009 16:31:8 %%For: Cort J. Willmott %%BoundingBox: (atend) %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend) %%DocumentData: Clean7Bit %%TargetDevice: (HP LaserJet 8100 Series) (2014.108) 1 %%LanguageLevel: 2 % %%EndComments %%BeginDefaults %%ViewingOrientation: 1 0 0 1 % %%EndDefaults %%BeginProlog %%BeginResource: file Pscript_WinNT_ErrorHandler 5.0 0 /currentpacking where{pop/oldpack currentpacking def/setpacking where{pop false setpacking}if}if/$brkpage 64 dict def $brkpage begin/prnt{dup type/stringtype ne{=string cvs}if dup length 6 mul/tx exch def/ty 10 def currentpoint/toy exch def/tox exch def 1 setgray newpath tox toy 2 sub moveto 0 ty rlineto tx 0 rlineto 0 ty neg rlineto closepath fill tox toy moveto 0 setgray show}bind def /nl{currentpoint exch pop lmargin exch moveto 0 -10 rmoveto}def/=={/cp 0 def typeprint nl}def/typeprint{dup type exec}readonly def/lmargin 72 def/rmargin 72 def/tprint{dup length cp add rmargin gt{nl/cp 0 def}if dup length cp add/cp exch def prnt}readonly def/cvsprint{=string cvs tprint( )tprint}readonly def /integertype{cvsprint}readonly def/realtype{cvsprint}readonly def/booleantype {cvsprint}readonly def/operatortype{(--)tprint =string cvs tprint(-- )tprint} readonly def/marktype{pop(-mark- )tprint}readonly def/dicttype{pop (-dictionary- )tprint}readonly def/nulltype{pop(-null- )tprint}readonly def /filetype{pop(-filestream- )tprint}readonly def/savetype{pop(-savelevel- ) tprint}readonly def/fonttype{pop(-fontid- )tprint}readonly def/nametype{dup xcheck not{(/)tprint}if cvsprint}readonly def/stringtype{dup rcheck{(\()tprint tprint(\))tprint}{pop(-string- )tprint}ifelse}readonly def/arraytype{dup rcheck {dup xcheck{({)tprint{typeprint}forall(})tprint}{([)tprint{typeprint}forall(]) tprint}ifelse}{pop(-array- )tprint}ifelse}readonly def/packedarraytype{dup rcheck{dup xcheck{({)tprint{typeprint}forall(})tprint}{([)tprint{typeprint} forall(])tprint}ifelse}{pop(-packedarray- )tprint}ifelse}readonly def/courier /Courier findfont 10 scalefont def end errordict/handleerror{systemdict begin $error begin $brkpage begin newerror{/newerror false store vmstatus pop pop 0 ne{grestoreall}if errorname(VMerror)ne{showpage}if initgraphics courier setfont lmargin 720 moveto errorname(VMerror)eq{userdict/ehsave known{clear userdict /ehsave get restore 2 vmreclaim}if vmstatus exch pop exch pop PrtVMMsg}{ (ERROR: )prnt errorname prnt nl(OFFENDING COMMAND: )prnt/command load prnt $error/ostack known{nl nl(STACK:)prnt nl nl $error/ostack get aload length{==} repeat}if}ifelse systemdict/showpage get exec(%%[ Error: )print errorname =print(; OffendingCommand: )print/command load =print( ]%%)= flush}if end end end}dup 0 systemdict put dup 4 $brkpage put bind readonly put/currentpacking where{pop/setpacking where{pop oldpack setpacking}if}if %%EndResource userdict /Pscript_WinNT_Incr 230 dict dup begin put %%BeginResource: file Pscript_FatalError 5.0 0 userdict begin/FatalErrorIf{{initgraphics findfont 1 index 0 eq{exch pop}{dup length dict begin{1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse}forall/Encoding {ISOLatin1Encoding}stopped{StandardEncoding}if def currentdict end /ErrFont-Latin1 exch definefont}ifelse exch scalefont setfont counttomark 3 div cvi{moveto show}repeat showpage quit}{cleartomark}ifelse}bind def end %%EndResource userdict begin/PrtVMMsg{vmstatus exch sub exch pop gt{[ (This job requires more memory than is available in this printer.)100 500 (Try one or more of the following, and then print again:)100 485 (For the output format, choose Optimize For Portability.)115 470 (In the Device Settings page, make sure the Available PostScript Memory is accurate.) 115 455(Reduce the number of fonts in the document.)115 440 (Print the document in parts.)115 425 12/Times-Roman showpage (%%[ PrinterError: Low Printer VM ]%%)= true FatalErrorIf}if}bind def end version cvi 2016 ge{/VM?{pop}bind def}{/VM? userdict/PrtVMMsg get def}ifelse 105000 VM? %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Basic 5.0 0 /d/def load def/,/load load d/~/exch , d/?/ifelse , d/!/pop , d/`/begin , d/^ /index , d/@/dup , d/+/translate , d/$/roll , d/U/userdict , d/M/moveto , d//rlineto , d/&/currentdict , d/:/gsave , d/;/grestore , d/F/false , d/T/true , d/N/newpath , d/E/end , d/Ac/arc , d/An/arcn , d/A/ashow , d/D/awidthshow , d/C /closepath , d/V/div , d/O/eofill , d/L/fill , d/I/lineto , d/-c/curveto , d/-M /rmoveto , d/+S/scale , d/Ji/setfont , d/Lc/setlinecap , d/Lj/setlinejoin , d /Lw/setlinewidth , d/Lm/setmiterlimit , d/sd/setdash , d/S/show , d/LH/showpage , d/K/stroke , d/W/widthshow , d/R/rotate , d/L2? false/languagelevel where{pop languagelevel 2 ge{pop true}if}if d L2?{/xS/xshow , d/yS/yshow , d/zS/xyshow , d}if/b{bind d}bind d/bd{bind d}bind d/xd{~ d}bd/ld{, d}bd/bn/bind ld/lw/Lw ld /lc/Lc ld/lj/Lj ld/sg/setgray ld/ADO_mxRot null d/self & d/OrgMx matrix currentmatrix d/reinitialize{: OrgMx setmatrix[/TextInit/GraphInit/UtilsInit counttomark{@ where{self eq}{F}?{cvx exec}{!}?}repeat cleartomark ;}b /initialize{`{/Pscript_Win_Data where{!}{U/Pscript_Win_Data & put}?/ADO_mxRot ~ d/TextInitialised? F d reinitialize E}{U/Pscript_Win_Data 230 dict @ ` put /ADO_mxRot ~ d/TextInitialised? F d reinitialize}?}b/terminate{!{& self eq {exit}{E}?}loop E}b/suspend/terminate , d/resume{` Pscript_Win_Data `}b U ` /lucas 21690 d/featurebegin{countdictstack lucas[}b/featurecleanup{stopped {cleartomark @ lucas eq{! exit}if}loop countdictstack ~ sub @ 0 gt{{E}repeat} {!}?}b E/snap{transform 0.25 sub round 0.25 add ~ 0.25 sub round 0.25 add ~ itransform}b/dsnap{dtransform round ~ round ~ idtransform}b/nonzero_round{@ 0.5 ge{round}{@ -0.5 lt{round}{0 ge{1}{-1}?}?}?}b/nonzero_dsnap{dtransform nonzero_round ~ nonzero_round ~ idtransform}b U<04>cvn{}put/rr{1 ^ 0 - 0 ~ neg 0 - C}b/irp{4 -2 $ + +S fx 4 2 $ M 1 ^ 0 - 0 ~ - neg 0 -}b/rp{4 2 $ M 1 ^ 0 - 0 ~ - neg 0 -}b/solid{[]0 sd}b/g{@ not{U/DefIf_save save put}if U/DefIf_bool 2 ^ put}b/DefIf_El{if U/DefIf_bool get not @{U/DefIf_save get restore}if}b/e {DefIf_El !}b/UDF{L2?{undefinefont}{!}?}b/UDR{L2?{undefineresource}{! !}?}b /freeVM{/Courier findfont[40 0 0 -40 0 0]makefont Ji 2 vmreclaim}b/hfRedefFont {findfont @ length dict `{1 ^/FID ne{d}{! !}?}forall & E @ ` ~{/CharStrings 1 dict `/.notdef 0 d & E d}if/Encoding 256 array 0 1 255{1 ^ ~/.notdef put}for d E definefont !}bind d/hfMkCIDFont{/CIDFont findresource @ length 2 add dict `{1 ^ @/FID eq ~ @/XUID eq ~/UIDBase eq or or{! !}{d}?}forall/CDevProc ~ d/Metrics2 16 dict d/CIDFontName 1 ^ d & E 1 ^ ~/CIDFont defineresource ![~]composefont !} bind d %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Utils_L2 5.0 0 /rf/rectfill , d/fx{1 1 dtransform @ 0 ge{1 sub 0.5}{1 add -0.5}? 3 -1 $ @ 0 ge {1 sub 0.5}{1 add -0.5}? 3 1 $ 4 1 $ idtransform 4 -2 $ idtransform}b/BZ{4 -2 $ snap + +S fx rf}b/rs/rectstroke , d/rc/rectclip , d/UtilsInit{currentglobal{F setglobal}if}b/scol{! setcolor}b/colspA/DeviceGray d/colspABC/DeviceRGB d /colspRefresh{colspABC setcolorspace}b/SetColSpace{colspABC setcolorspace}b /resourcestatus where{!/ColorRendering/ProcSet resourcestatus{! ! T}{F}?}{F}? not{/ColorRendering<</GetHalftoneName{currenthalftone @/HalftoneName known{ /HalftoneName get}{!/none}?}bn/GetPageDeviceName{currentpagedevice @ /PageDeviceName known{/PageDeviceName get @ null eq{!/none}if}{!/none}?}bn /GetSubstituteCRD{!/DefaultColorRendering/ColorRendering resourcestatus{! ! /DefaultColorRendering}{(DefaultColorRendering*){cvn exit}127 string /ColorRendering resourceforall}?}bn>>/defineresource where{!/ProcSet defineresource !}{! !}?}if/buildcrdname{/ColorRendering/ProcSet findresource ` mark GetHalftoneName @ type @/nametype ne ~/stringtype ne and{!/none}if(.) GetPageDeviceName @ type @/nametype ne ~/stringtype ne and{!/none}if(.)5 ^ 0 5 -1 1{^ length add}for string 6 1 $ 5 ^ 5{~ 1 ^ cvs length 1 ^ length 1 ^ sub getinterval}repeat ! cvn 3 1 $ ! ! E}b/definecolorrendering{~ buildcrdname ~ /ColorRendering defineresource !}b/findcolorrendering where{!}{ /findcolorrendering{buildcrdname @/ColorRendering resourcestatus{! ! T}{ /ColorRendering/ProcSet findresource ` GetSubstituteCRD E F}?}b}? /selectcolorrendering{findcolorrendering !/ColorRendering findresource setcolorrendering}b/G2UBegin{findresource/FontInfo get/GlyphNames2Unicode get `}bind d/G2CCBegin{findresource/FontInfo get/GlyphNames2HostCode get `}bind d /G2UEnd{E}bind d/AddFontInfoBegin{/FontInfo 8 dict @ `}bind d/AddFontInfo{ /GlyphNames2Unicode 16 dict d/GlyphNames2HostCode 16 dict d}bind d /AddFontInfoEnd{E d}bind d/T0AddCFFMtx2{/CIDFont findresource/Metrics2 get ` d E}bind d %%EndResource end % %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup statusdict begin (%%[ ProductName: ) print product print ( ]%%)= flush end [ 1 0 0 1 0 0 ] false Pscript_WinNT_Incr dup /initialize get exec featurebegin{ %%BeginNonPPDFeature: JobTimeout 0 0 /languagelevel where{pop languagelevel}{1}ifelse 2 ge{1 dict dup/JobTimeout roll put setuserparams}{statusdict/setjobtimeout get exec}ifelse %%EndNonPPDFeature } }featurecleanup 4 -1 featurebegin{ %%BeginNonPPDFeature: WaitTimeout 120 120 /languagelevel where{pop languagelevel}{1}ifelse 2 ge{1 dict dup/WaitTimeout 4 -1 roll put setuserparams}{statusdict/waittimeout 3 -1 roll put}ifelse %%EndNonPPDFeature } }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *HPPaperPolicy PromptUser <</DeferredMediaSelection true>> setpagedevice %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *HPHalftone PrinterDefault %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ %%BeginFeature: *Collate True <</Collate true>> setpagedevice %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *Smoothing True << /PostRenderingEnhance true /PostRenderingEnhanceDetails << /REValue 2 /Type 8 >> >> setpagedevice %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *PageSize Letter <</PageSize [612 792] /ImagingBBox null>> setpagedevice %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *StapleLocation 1parallel userdict /HPStapleOption {(ONE)} put %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *MediaType None %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ %%BeginFeature: *OutputBin Upper <</Staple 0 /OutputType (TOP OUTPUT BIN)>> setpagedevice %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *Duplex None <</Duplex false>> setpagedevice %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *JRConstraints JRCHDFull %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *HPPrinterModelName HP_LaserJet_8100_Series_PS %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *Option2 False %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *Option6 False %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *Option3 False %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *Option5 False %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *Option20 Standard %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *Option21 MailboxModeMailbox %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *InstalledMemory 16-19MB %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *PrinterHardDisk False %%EndFeature }featurecleanup featurebegin{ % %%BeginFeature: *JobRetention False %%EndFeature }featurecleanup 1 setlinecap 1 setlinejoin /mysetup [ 72 600 V 0 0 -72 600 V 11.99905 779.0003 ] def % %%EndSetup userdict begin /ehsave save def end %%EndPageComments %%BeginPageSetup /DeviceRGB dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def mysetup concat colspRefresh % %%EndPageSetup /DeviceGray dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def 0 0 scol Pscript_WinNT_Incr begin %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Text 5.0 0 /TextInit{TextInitialised? not{/Pscript_Windows_Font & d/TextInitialised? T d /fM[1 0 0 1 0 0]d/mFM matrix d/iMat[1 0 0.212557 1 0 0]d}if}b/copyfont{1 ^ length add dict `{1 ^/FID ne{d}{! !}?}forall & E}b/EncodeDict 11 dict d/bullets {{/bullet}repeat}b/rF{3 copyfont @ ` ~ EncodeDict ~ get/Encoding ~ 3 ^/0 eq{& /CharStrings known{CharStrings/Eth known not{! EncodeDict/ANSIEncodingOld get} if}if}if d E}b/mF{@ 7 1 $ findfont ~{@/Encoding get @ StandardEncoding eq{! T}{ {ISOLatin1Encoding}stopped{! F}{eq}?{T}{@ ` T 32 1 127{Encoding 1 ^ get StandardEncoding 3 -1 $ get eq and}for E}?}?}{F}?{1 ^ ~ rF}{0 copyfont}? 6 -2 $ ! ! ~ !/pd_charset @ where{~ get 128 eq{@ FDV 2 copy get @ length array copy put pd_CoverFCRange}if}{!}? 2 ^ ~ definefont fM 5 4 -1 $ put fM 4 0 put fM makefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/sLT{: Lw -M currentpoint snap M 0 - 0 Lc K ;}b/xUP null d/yUP null d/uW null d/xSP null d/ySP null d/sW null d/sSU{N /uW ~ d/yUP ~ d/xUP ~ d}b/sU{xUP yUP uW sLT}b/sST{N/sW ~ d/ySP ~ d/xSP ~ d}b/sT {xSP ySP sW sLT}b/sR{: + R 0 0 M}b/sRxy{: matrix astore concat 0 0 M}b/eR/; , d /AddOrigFP{{&/FontInfo known{&/FontInfo get length 6 add}{6}? dict ` /WinPitchAndFamily ~ d/WinCharSet ~ d/OrigFontType ~ d/OrigFontStyle ~ d /OrigFontName ~ d & E/FontInfo ~ d}{! ! ! ! !}?}b/mFS{makefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/mF42D{0 copyfont `/FontName ~ d 2 copy ~ sub 1 add dict `/.notdef 0 d 2 copy 1 ~{@ 3 ^ sub Encoding ~ get ~ d}for & E /CharStrings ~ d ! ! & @ E/FontName get ~ definefont}b/mF42{15 dict ` @ 4 1 $ FontName ~ d/FontType 0 d/FMapType 2 d/FontMatrix[1 0 0 1 0 0]d 1 ^ 254 add 255 idiv @ array/Encoding ~ d 0 1 3 -1 $ 1 sub{@ Encoding 3 1 $ put}for/FDepVector Encoding length array d/CharStrings 2 dict `/.notdef 0 d & E d 0 1 Encoding length 1 sub{@ @ 10 lt{! FontName length 1 add string}{100 lt{FontName length 2 add string}{FontName length 3 add string}?}? @ 0 FontName @ length string cvs putinterval @ 3 -1 $ @ 4 1 $ 3 string cvs FontName length ~ putinterval cvn 1 ^ 256 mul @ 255 add 3 -1 $ 4 ^ findfont mF42D FDepVector 3 1 $ put}for & @ E /FontName get ~ definefont ! ! ! mF}b/mF_OTF_V{~ ! ~ ! 4 -1 $ ! findfont 2 ^ ~ definefont fM @ @ 4 6 -1 $ neg put 5 0 put 90 matrix R matrix concatmatrix makefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/mF_TTF_V{3{~ !}repeat 3 -1 $ ! findfont 1 ^ ~ definefont Pscript_Windows_Font 3 1 $ put}b/UmF{L2? {Pscript_Windows_Font ~ undef}{!}?}b/UmF42{@ findfont/FDepVector get{/FontName get undefinefont}forall undefinefont}b %%EndResource end reinitialize Pscript_WinNT_Incr begin %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Encoding256 5.0 0 /CharCol256Encoding[/.notdef/breve/caron/dotaccent/dotlessi/fi/fl/fraction /hungarumlaut/Lslash/lslash/minus/ogonek/ring/Zcaron/zcaron/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign /dollar/percent/ampersand/quotesingle/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma /hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon /semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O/P/Q/R/S /T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/asciicircum/underscore/grave /a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft/bar/braceright /asciitilde/.notdef/Euro/.notdef/quotesinglbase/florin/quotedblbase/ellipsis /dagger/daggerdbl/circumflex/perthousand/Scaron/guilsinglleft/OE/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/quoteleft/quoteright/quotedblleft/quotedblright/bullet /endash/emdash/tilde/trademark/scaron/guilsinglright/oe/.notdef/.notdef /Ydieresis/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar/section /dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft/logicalnot/.notdef/registered /macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph /periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine/guillemotright/onequarter /onehalf/threequarters/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis /Aring/AE/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute /Icircumflex/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis /multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls /agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute /ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve /oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex /udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def EncodeDict/256 CharCol256Encoding put %%EndResource e end reinitialize %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman Pscript_WinNT_Incr begin %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_Euro_L2 5.0 0 /UseT3EuroFont{/currentdistillerparams where{pop currentdistillerparams /CoreDistVersion get 4000 le}{false}ifelse}bind def/NewEuroT3Font?{dup/FontType get 3 eq{dup/EuroFont known exch/BaseFont known and}{pop false}ifelse}bind def /T1FontHasEuro{dup/CharStrings known not{dup NewEuroT3Font?{dup/EuroGlyphName get exch/EuroFont get/CharStrings get exch known{true}{false}ifelse}{pop false} ifelse}{dup/FontType get 1 eq{/CharStrings get/Euro known}{dup/InfoDict known{ /InfoDict get/Euro known}{/CharStrings get/Euro known}ifelse}ifelse}ifelse}bind def/FontHasEuro{findfont dup/Blend known{pop true}{T1FontHasEuro}ifelse}bind def/EuroEncodingIdx 1 def/EuroFontHdr{12 dict begin/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin /version(001.000)readonly def/Notice(Copyright (c)1999 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.)readonly def/FullName(Euro)readonly def /FamilyName(Euro)readonly def/Weight(Regular)readonly def/isFixedPitch false def/ItalicAngle 0 def/UnderlinePosition -100 def/UnderlineThickness 50 def end readonly def/FontName/Euro def/Encoding 256 array 0 1 255{1 index exch/.notdef put}for def/PaintType 0 def/FontType 1 def/FontMatrix[0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0]def /FontBBox{-25 -23 1500 804}readonly def currentdict end dup/Private 20 dict dup begin/ND{def}def/NP{put}def/lenIV -1 def/RD{string currentfile exch readhexstring pop}def/-|{string currentfile exch readstring pop}executeonly def /|-{def}executeonly def/|{put}executeonly def/BlueValues[-20 0 706 736 547 572] |-/OtherBlues[-211 -203]|-/BlueScale 0.0312917 def/MinFeature{16 16}|-/StdHW [60]|-/StdVW[71]|-/ForceBold false def/password 5839 def/Erode{8.5 dup 3 -1 roll 0.1 mul exch 0.5 sub mul cvi sub dup mul 71 0 dtransform dup mul exch dup mul add le{pop pop 1.0 1.0}{pop pop 0.0 1.5}ifelse}def/OtherSubrs[{}{}{} {systemdict/internaldict known not{pop 3}{1183615869 systemdict/internaldict get exec dup/startlock known{/startlock get exec}{dup/strtlck known{/strtlck get exec}{pop 3}ifelse}ifelse}ifelse}executeonly]|-/Subrs 5 array dup 0 <8E8B0C100C110C110C210B>put dup 1<8B8C0C100B>put dup 2<8B8D0C100B>put dup 3<0B> put dup 4<8E8C8E0C100C110A0B>put |- 2 index/CharStrings 256 dict dup begin /.notdef<8b8b0d0e>def end end put put dup/FontName get exch definefont pop}bind def/AddEuroGlyph{2 index exch EuroEncodingIdx 1 eq{EuroFontHdr}if systemdict begin/Euro findfont dup dup/Encoding get 5 1 roll/Private get begin/CharStrings get dup 3 index known{pop pop pop pop end end}{begin 1 index exch def end end end EuroEncodingIdx dup 1 add/EuroEncodingIdx exch def exch put}ifelse}bind def /GetNewXUID{currentdict/XUID known{[7 XUID aload pop]true}{currentdict/UniqueID known{[7 UniqueID]true}{false}ifelse}ifelse}bind def/BuildT3EuroFont{exch 16 dict begin dup/FontName exch def findfont dup/Encoding get/Encoding exch def dup length 1 add dict copy dup/FID undef begin dup dup/FontName exch def /Encoding 256 array 0 1 255{1 index exch/.notdef put}for def GetNewXUID{/XUID exch def}if currentdict end definefont pop/BaseFont exch findfont 1000 scalefont def/EuroFont exch findfont 1000 scalefont def pop/EuroGlyphName exch def/FontType 3 def/FontMatrix[.001 0 0 .001 0 0]def/FontBBox BaseFont/FontBBox get def/Char 1 string def/BuildChar{exch dup begin/Encoding get 1 index get /Euro eq{BaseFont T1FontHasEuro{false}{true}ifelse}{false}ifelse{EuroFont setfont pop userdict/Idx 0 put EuroFont/Encoding get{EuroGlyphName eq{exit} {userdict/Idx Idx 1 add put}ifelse}forall userdict/Idx get}{dup dup Encoding exch get BaseFont/Encoding get 3 1 roll put BaseFont setfont}ifelse Char 0 3 -1 roll put Char stringwidth newpath 0 0 moveto Char true charpath flattenpath pathbbox setcachedevice 0 0 moveto Char show end}bind def currentdict end dup /FontName get exch definefont pop}bind def/AddEuroToT1Font{dup findfont dup length 10 add dict copy dup/FID undef begin/EuroFont 3 -1 roll findfont 1000 scalefont def CharStrings dup length 1 add dict copy begin/Euro{EuroFont setfont pop EuroGBBox aload pop setcachedevice 0 0 moveto EuroGName glyphshow} bind def currentdict end/CharStrings exch def GetNewXUID{/XUID exch def}if 3 1 roll/EuroGBBox exch def/EuroGName exch def currentdict end definefont pop}bind def/BuildNewFont{UseT3EuroFont{BuildT3EuroFont}{pop AddEuroToT1Font}ifelse}bind def/UseObliqueEuro{findfont/FontMatrix get dup 2 get 0 eq exch dup 0 get exch 3 get eq and UseT3EuroFont or}bind def %%EndResource end reinitialize 7500 VM? /Times-Roman FontHasEuro not { /Euro.Times-Roman [500 0 24 -14 493 676 ] <A3F8880DC0EB03F854F743950C0C037DA501F7A0BB01F805BB01F91EA501F869F8911584 F73A0576068478827E7F8B087F8B70AC438B082A8BFB0D6471FB700863067C5B05BE068A 7E8B878B7D08750764067D5B05C206A0FB7BF71858E88B088F0AC0EB03F84BF789950C0C 037DA501F7A0BB01F805BB01F91EA501CA8BACAC998B08988B95809076088F0AC0EB03F8 54F743950C0C037DA501F7A0BB01F805BB01F91EA501A00692F73705750675FB09417667 8B083A8B43C182F75E08F7740699BB05FB84069C078B978C978B9708F7950699BB05FBA1 069AF755D5B3D18B08AB8BDD71A2FB0708090E> AddEuroGlyph /Euro /Times-Roman /Times-Roman-Copy BuildNewFont } if F /F0 0 /256 T /Times-Roman mF /F0S75 F0 [117 0 0 -117 0 0 ] mFS F0S75 Ji 500 597 M ( )S 500 730 M (Geography 152)[83 51 58 58 38 51 58 58 56 28 58 58 0]xS 1213 730 M ( )S 1400 730 M ( )S 1700 730 M ( )S 2000 730 M ( )S 2300 730 M ( )S 2600 730 M ( )S 2900 730 M (University of Delaware)[83 58 32 58 51 38 45 32 32 56 28 58 38 28 83 51 32 51 83 51 38 0]xS 3977 730 M ( )S 500 863 M (Climate and Life)[77 32 32 88 51 32 51 28 51 58 58 28 70 32 38 0]xS 1277 863 M ( )S 1400 863 M ( )S 1700 863 M ( )S 2000 863 M ( )S 2300 863 M ( )S 2600 863 M ( )S 2900 863 M (Department of Geography)[83 51 58 51 38 32 88 51 58 32 28 58 38 28 83 51 58 58 38 51 58 58 0]xS 4105 863 M ( )S 500 996 M (C. Willmott)[77 28 28 108 32 32 32 88 58 32 0]xS 1047 996 M ( )S 1100 996 M ( )S 1400 996 M ( )S 1700 996 M ( )S 2000 996 M ( )S 2300 996 M ( )S 2600 996 M ( )S 2900 996 M (Spring 2009)[64 58 38 32 58 58 28 58 58 58 0]xS 3468 996 M ( )S 5 500 1129 M ( )S %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold 7500 VM? /Times-Bold FontHasEuro not { /Euro.Times-Bold [500 0 19 -13 492 688 ] <9EF8880DF84CA6037EA701F791C801F7FFC801F928A7018F0AC3F73203F852A6037EA701 F791C801F7FFC801F928A701F86DF89C15F73A0770068875877D778B08858B749A799308 7E916E946B8B08358BFB144773FB58086506774E05C1065A076706774E05C7069DFB27E1 FB0BF7188B088F0AC3F73203F84CA6037EA701F791C801F7FFC801F928A701B88BAA9F91 8E089C939892908B089F8B8F7D8E7508A606F7450772067A3F5240538B084F8B68EC89F7 2108F72F06A0C805FB4506BC07F75506A0C805FB690690F71CA9EFC88B088F0AF852A603 7EA701F791C801F7FFC801F928A701D58BB93A9C5008090E> AddEuroGlyph /Euro /Times-Bold /Times-Bold-Copy BuildNewFont } if F /F1 0 /256 T /Times-Bold mF /F1S75 F1 [117 0 0 -117 0 0 ] mFS F1S75 Ji 1597 1264 M (Exercise 4. )[78 59 52 52 52 33 46 52 29 59 29 0]xS 2167 1264 M ( )S 2196 1264 M (The Radiation Budget)[78 65 52 29 84 59 65 33 59 39 33 59 65 29 78 65 65 59 52 0]xS Pscript_WinNT_Incr begin %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_GdiObject 5.0 0 /SavedCTM null d/CTMsave{/SavedCTM SavedCTM currentmatrix d}b/CTMrestore {SavedCTM setmatrix}b/mp null d/ADO_mxRot null d/GDIHMatrix null d /GDIHPatternDict 22 dict d GDIHPatternDict `/PatternType 1 d/PaintType 2 d/Reps L2?{1}{5}? d/XStep 8 Reps mul d/YStep XStep d/BBox[0 0 XStep YStep]d/TilingType 1 d/PaintProc{` 1 Lw[]0 sd PaintData , exec E}b/FGnd null d/BGnd null d /HS_Horizontal{horiz}b/HS_Vertical{vert}b/HS_FDiagonal{fdiag}b/HS_BDiagonal {biag}b/HS_Cross{horiz vert}b/HS_DiagCross{fdiag biag}b/MaxXYStep XStep YStep gt{XStep}{YStep}? d/horiz{Reps{0 4 M XStep 0 - 0 8 +}repeat 0 -8 Reps mul + K}b /vert{Reps{4 0 M 0 YStep - 8 0 +}repeat 0 -8 Reps mul + K}b/biag{Reps{0 0 M MaxXYStep @ - 0 YStep neg M MaxXYStep @ - 0 8 +}repeat 0 -8 Reps mul + 0 YStep M 8 8 - K}b/fdiag{Reps{0 0 M MaxXYStep @ neg - 0 YStep M MaxXYStep @ neg - 0 8 +}repeat 0 -8 Reps mul + MaxXYStep @ M 8 -8 - K}b E/makehatch{4 -2 $/yOrg ~ d /xOrg ~ d GDIHPatternDict/PaintData 3 -1 $ put CTMsave GDIHMatrix setmatrix GDIHPatternDict matrix xOrg yOrg + mp CTMrestore ~ U ~ 2 ^ put}b/h0{/h0 /HS_Horizontal makehatch}b/h1{/h1/HS_Vertical makehatch}b/h2{/h2/HS_FDiagonal makehatch}b/h3{/h3/HS_BDiagonal makehatch}b/h4{/h4/HS_Cross makehatch}b/h5{/h5 /HS_DiagCross makehatch}b/GDIBWPatternMx null d/pfprep{save 8 1 $ /PatternOfTheDay 8 1 $ GDIBWPatternDict `/yOrg ~ d/xOrg ~ d/PaintData ~ d/yExt ~ d/Width ~ d/BGnd ~ d/FGnd ~ d/Height yExt RepsV mul d/mx[Width 0 0 Height 0 0]d E build_pattern ~ !}b/pfbf{/fEOFill ~ d pfprep hbf fEOFill{O}{L}? restore}b /GraphInit{GDIHMatrix null eq{/SavedCTM matrix d : ADO_mxRot concat 0 0 snap + : 0.48 @ GDIHPatternDict ` YStep mul ~ XStep mul ~ nonzero_dsnap YStep V ~ XStep V ~ E +S/GDIHMatrix matrix currentmatrix readonly d ; : 0.24 -0.24 +S GDIBWPatternDict ` Width Height E nonzero_dsnap +S/GDIBWPatternMx matrix currentmatrix readonly d ; ;}if}b %%EndResource %%BeginResource: file Pscript_Win_GdiObject_L2 5.0 0 /GDIBWPatternDict 25 dict @ `/PatternType 1 d/PaintType 1 d/RepsV 1 d/RepsH 1 d /BBox[0 0 RepsH 1]d/TilingType 1 d/XStep 1 d/YStep 1 d/Height 8 RepsV mul d /Width 8 d/mx[Width 0 0 Height neg 0 Height]d/FGnd null d/BGnd null d /SetBGndFGnd{BGnd null ne{BGnd aload ! scol BBox aload ! 2 ^ sub ~ 3 ^ sub ~ rf}if FGnd null ne{FGnd aload ! scol}if}b/PaintProc{` SetBGndFGnd RepsH{Width Height F mx PaintData imagemask Width 0 +}repeat E}b E d/mp/makepattern , d /build_pattern{CTMsave GDIBWPatternMx setmatrix/nupangle where{! nupangle -90 eq{nupangle R}if}if GDIBWPatternDict @ ` Width Height ne{Width Height gt{Width Height V 1}{1 Height Width V}? +S}if xOrg yOrg E matrix + mp CTMrestore}b/hbf {setpattern}b/hf{:/fEOFill ~ d ~ ! setpattern fEOFill{O}{L}? ;}b/pbf{: ! /fEOFill ~ d GDIBWPatternDict `/yOrg ~ d/xOrg ~ d/PaintData ~ d/OutputBPP ~ d /Height ~ d/Width ~ d/PaintType 1 d/PatternType 1 d/TilingType 1 d/BBox[0 0 Width Height]d/XStep Width d/YStep Height d/mx xOrg yOrg matrix + d 20 dict @ ` /ImageType 1 d/Width Width d/Height Height d/ImageMatrix[1 0 0 1 0 0]d /BitsPerComponent 8 d OutputBPP 24 eq{/Decode[0 1 0 1 0 1]d}{OutputBPP 8 eq{ /Decode[0 1]d}{/Decode[0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1]d}?}?/DataSource{PaintData}d E/ImageDict ~ d/PaintProc{` ImageDict image E}b & mx makepattern setpattern E fEOFill{O}{L} ? ;}b/mask_pbf{:/fEOFill ~ d 20 dict `/yOrg ~ d/xOrg ~ d/PaintData ~ d/Height ~ d/Width ~ d/PatternType 1 d/PaintType 2 d/TilingType 1 d/BBox[0 0 Width Height] d/XStep Width d/YStep Height d/mx xOrg yOrg matrix + d/PaintProc{` Width Height T 1 1 dtransform abs ~ abs ~ 0 0 3 -1 $ 0 0 6 array astore{PaintData}imagemask E}b & mx makepattern setpattern E fEOFill{O}{L}? ;}b %%EndResource end reinitialize : N 1597 1277 1706 11 rp C L ; F0S75 Ji 3303 1264 M ( )S 500 1395 M ( )S 500 1528 M ( )S 800 1528 M (At various times during the semester, we have discussed the climatic radiation ) [83 32 29 58 51 38 32 58 58 45 29 32 32 88 51 45 28 58 58 38 32 58 58 28 32 58 51 28 45 51 88 51 45 32 51 38 28 28 83 51 28 58 51 58 51 28 58 32 45 51 58 45 45 51 58 28 32 58 51 28 51 32 32 88 51 32 32 51 28 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 0]xS 500 1661 M (and energy)[51 58 58 35 51 58 51 38 58 0]xS 1014 1661 M ( budgets. The radiation budget \(of the primary interface\) is the focus of ) [35 58 58 58 58 51 32 45 28 35 35 70 58 51 35 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 35 58 58 58 58 51 32 35 38 58 38 35 32 58 51 35 58 38 32 88 51 38 56 35 32 58 32 51 38 38 51 51 51 38 35 32 45 35 32 58 51 35 38 58 51 58 45 34 58 38 0]xS 500 1794 M (this exercise, and it can be written as)[32 58 32 45 28 51 58 51 38 51 32 45 51 28 28 51 58 58 28 32 32 28 51 51 58 28 58 51 28 83 38 32 32 32 51 58 28 51 0]xS 2190 1794 M ( )S 5 500 1927 M ( )S %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic 7500 VM? /Times-Italic FontHasEuro not { /Euro.Times-Italic [500 0 23 -7 578 676 ] <A2F8880DDBDB03F7F8A003F88D9D0384A701F79DBB01F802BB01F91CA7018F0ADBDB03F7 F8A003F88D9D0384A701F79DBB01F802BB01F89CF71301F8BFF93315770680758A89818B 08848B79947592088F0ADBDB03F7F8A003F88D9D0384A701F79DBB01F802BB01F91CA701 75916F926D8B08FB0E8B27FB0A5BFB24084606735B05D6068879857A8A79084A06745B05 DD068A7D8A7C8B7C08FB01B3FB0BF7101EA28BA4919E94089D94948F928B08928B8D858D 7508A006B0F72205780679674E3D438B08477BD1D11F8BB290B28FA508F76306A2BB05FB 71068D9D929C8F9D08F77E06A3BB05FB88069FDEC8F72BEC8B08D9B757461F84078F0ADB DB03F7F8A003F88D9D0384A701F79DBB01F802BB01F89CF713019D06090E> AddEuroGlyph /Euro /Times-Italic /Times-Italic-Copy BuildNewFont } if F /F2 0 /256 T /Times-Italic mF /F2S75 F2 [117 0 0 -117 0 0 ] mFS F2S75 Ji 500 2062 M ( )S 800 2062 M ( )S 1100 2062 M ( )S 1400 2062 M (R)S F0S75 Ji 1470 2062 M ( = \()[28 65 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1629 2062 F0S75 Ji 1712 2062 F2S75 Ji 1777 2062 F0S75 Ji 1835 2062 1969 2062 F2S75 Ji 2007 2062 F0S75 Ji 2065 2062 2131 2062 2169 2062 F2S75 Ji 2 2197 2062 M (Q)S M (+)S M (q)S M (\)\(1)[38 38 M (-)S M (a)S M (\) )[38 M (-)S M ( )S M (I)S 0]xS 0]xS %%IncludeResource: font Symbol F /F3 0 /2 F /Symbol mF /F3S75 F3 [117 0 0 -117 0 0 ] mFS F3S75 Ji 2235 2062 M <AD>S F0S75 Ji 2305 2062 M ( )S 2333 2062 M (+ )[65 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2426 2062 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 2464 2062 M <AF>S F0S75 Ji 2534 2062 M ( )S 2600 2062 M ( )S 2900 2062 M ( )S 3200 2062 M ( )S 3500 2062 M ( )S 3800 2062 M ( )S 4100 2062 M (\(1\))[38 58 0]xS 4234 2062 M ( )S 500 2195 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 500 2328 M (w)S F0S75 Ji 577 2328 M (here )[58 51 38 51 0]xS F2S75 Ji 804 2328 M (R)S F0S75 Ji 874 2328 M ( is net radiation \(W)[29 32 45 29 58 51 32 29 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 29 38 0]xS 1764 2328 M ( )S 1793 2328 M (m)S /F0S4B F0 [75 0 0 -75 0 0 ] mFS F0S4B Ji 1881 2274 M (-)S 1905 2274 M (2)S F0S75 Ji 1942 2328 M (\), \()[38 28 29 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2075 2328 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 2158 2328 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 2223 2328 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 2281 2328 M (\) is total available solar radiation \(W)[38 29 32 45 28 32 58 32 51 32 28 51 58 51 32 32 51 58 32 51 28 45 58 32 51 38 28 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 28 38 0]xS 3966 2328 M ( )S 3994 2328 M (m)S F0S4B Ji 4082 2274 M (-)S 4106 2274 M (2)S F0S75 Ji 4143 2328 M (\), )[38 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 4237 2328 M (a )[58 0]xS F0S75 Ji 4323 2328 M (is )[32 45 0]xS 500 2463 M (the average s)[32 58 51 41 51 58 51 38 51 58 51 41 0]xS 1126 2463 M (urface albedo \(dimensionless\), )[58 38 38 51 51 51 40 51 32 58 51 58 58 40 38 58 32 88 51 58 45 32 58 58 32 51 45 45 38 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2598 2463 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 2636 2463 M <AD>S F0S75 Ji 2706 2463 M ( )S 2746 2463 M (is outgoing longwave radiation \(W)[32 45 40 58 58 32 58 58 32 58 58 40 32 58 58 58 83 51 58 51 40 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 40 38 0]xS 4400 2463 M ( )S 500 2598 M (m)S F0S4B Ji 588 2544 M (-)S 612 2544 M (2)S F0S75 Ji 649 2598 M (\) and )[38 31 51 58 58 0]xS F2S75 Ji 916 2598 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 954 2598 M <AF>S F0S75 Ji 1024 2598 M ( is atmospheric counter radiation \(absorbed by the surface\) \(W) [31 32 45 30 51 32 88 58 45 58 58 51 38 32 51 30 51 58 58 58 32 51 38 30 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 30 38 51 58 45 58 38 58 51 58 30 58 56 30 32 58 51 30 45 58 38 38 51 51 51 38 30 38 0]xS 3916 2598 M ( )S 3946 2598 M (m)S F0S4B Ji 4034 2544 M (-)S 4058 2544 M (2)S F0S75 Ji 4095 2598 M (\). The )[38 28 30 30 70 58 51 0]xS 500 2731 M (evaluation of equation \(1\) has environmental importance for a variety of reasons. ) [51 58 51 32 58 51 32 32 58 58 44 58 38 44 51 58 58 51 32 32 58 58 44 38 58 38 44 58 51 45 44 51 58 58 32 38 58 58 88 51 58 32 51 32 44 32 88 58 58 38 32 51 58 51 51 44 38 58 38 44 51 44 58 51 38 32 51 32 56 43 58 38 43 38 51 51 45 58 58 45 28 28 0]xS 500 2864 M (Among the more impor)[83 88 58 58 58 36 32 58 51 36 88 58 38 51 36 32 88 58 58 0]xS 1603 2864 M (tant of these are 1\) )[32 51 58 32 36 58 38 36 32 58 51 45 51 36 51 38 51 36 58 38 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2525 2864 M (R)S F0S75 Ji 2595 2864 M ( provides the energy that is used to do )[36 58 38 58 58 32 58 51 45 36 32 58 51 36 51 58 51 38 58 56 36 32 58 51 32 36 32 45 36 58 45 51 58 35 32 58 35 58 58 0]xS 500 2997 M (work on the environment, \(e.g., evaporate water or heat the air\), and 2\) about 50 per ) [83 58 38 58 31 58 58 31 32 58 51 31 51 58 58 32 38 58 58 88 51 58 32 28 31 38 51 28 58 28 28 31 51 58 51 58 58 38 51 32 51 31 83 51 32 51 38 31 58 38 31 58 51 51 32 31 32 58 51 31 51 32 38 38 28 31 51 58 58 31 58 38 31 51 58 58 58 32 30 58 58 30 58 51 38 0]xS 500 3130 M (cent of \()[51 51 58 32 28 58 38 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 882 3130 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 965 3130 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 1030 3130 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 1088 3130 M (\) is used by green plants for photosynthesis.)[38 28 32 45 28 58 45 51 58 28 58 56 28 58 38 51 51 58 28 58 32 51 58 32 45 28 38 58 38 28 58 58 58 32 58 45 56 58 32 58 51 45 32 45 0]xS 3105 3130 M ( )S 500 3263 M ( )S 500 3396 M ( )S 800 3396 M (Climatologists have devoted considerable effort )[77 32 32 88 51 32 58 32 58 58 32 45 32 45 51 58 51 58 51 51 58 51 58 58 32 51 58 51 51 58 58 45 32 58 51 38 51 58 32 51 50 51 38 38 58 38 32 0]xS 3147 3396 M (toward modeling equation )[32 58 83 51 38 58 50 88 58 58 51 32 32 58 58 50 51 58 58 51 32 32 58 58 0]xS 500 3531 M (\(1\), primarily so )[38 58 38 28 48 58 38 32 88 51 38 32 32 56 47 45 58 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1332 3531 M (R)S F0S75 Ji 1402 3531 M (, \()[28 47 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1515 3531 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 1598 3531 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 1663 3531 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 1721 3531 M (\), )[38 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1834 3531 M (a)S F0S75 Ji 1892 3531 M (, )[28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1967 3531 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 2005 3531 M <AD>S F0S75 Ji 2075 3531 M (, and )[28 47 51 58 58 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2364 3531 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 2402 3531 M <AF>S F0S75 Ji 2472 3531 M ( can be accurately estimated from those )[47 51 51 58 47 58 51 47 51 51 51 58 38 51 32 51 32 56 47 51 45 32 32 88 51 32 51 58 47 38 38 58 88 47 32 58 58 45 51 0]xS 500 3664 M (weather and satellite data that are more readily available than the radiation data ) [83 51 51 32 58 51 38 50 51 58 58 50 45 51 32 51 32 32 32 32 51 50 58 51 32 51 50 32 58 51 32 50 51 38 51 50 88 58 38 51 50 38 51 51 58 32 32 56 49 51 58 51 32 32 51 58 32 51 49 32 58 51 58 49 32 58 51 49 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 49 58 51 32 51 0]xS 500 3797 M (themselves. The other way to evaluate equation \(1\) is, of course, ) [32 58 51 88 45 51 32 58 51 45 28 51 51 70 58 51 50 58 32 58 51 38 50 83 51 56 50 32 58 50 51 58 51 32 58 51 32 51 50 51 58 58 51 32 32 58 58 50 38 58 38 50 32 45 28 50 58 38 50 51 58 58 38 45 51 28 0]xS 3783 3797 M (by the direct )[58 56 50 32 58 51 50 58 32 38 51 51 32 0]xS 500 3930 M (measurement of the radiation fluxes. It is this second approach, more specifically ) [88 51 51 45 58 38 51 88 51 58 32 41 58 38 41 32 58 51 40 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 40 38 32 58 58 51 45 28 40 40 38 32 40 32 45 40 32 58 32 45 40 45 51 51 58 58 58 40 51 58 58 38 58 51 51 58 28 40 88 58 38 51 40 45 58 51 51 32 38 32 51 51 32 32 56 0]xS 500 4063 M (the measurement of the)[32 58 51 28 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 88 51 58 32 28 58 38 28 32 58 0]xS 1573 4063 M ( radiation budget in the field)[28 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 28 58 58 58 58 51 32 28 32 58 28 32 58 51 28 38 32 51 32 0]xS 2880 4063 M (,)S 2908 4063 M ( )S 2936 4063 M (that is the topic of this exercise.)[32 58 51 32 28 32 45 28 32 58 51 28 32 58 58 32 51 28 58 38 28 32 58 32 45 28 51 58 51 38 51 32 45 51 0]xS 4394 4063 M ( )S 500 4196 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 4331 M (Measurement of Solar Radiation and Albedo)[109 51 58 45 64 51 51 95 51 64 38 28 58 38 28 64 58 32 58 51 28 83 58 64 32 58 38 32 58 64 28 58 64 64 28 83 32 64 51 64 0]xS 2701 4331 M ( )S F0S75 Ji 500 4462 M ( )S 500 4595 M ( )S 800 4595 M (Total solar radiation \()[70 58 32 51 32 97 45 58 32 51 38 97 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 97 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2006 4595 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 2089 4595 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 2154 4595 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 2212 4595 M (\) can be measured with a pyranometer. )[38 97 51 51 58 97 58 51 96 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 58 96 83 32 32 58 96 51 96 58 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 28 28 0]xS 500 4728 M (Pyranometers usually contain a sensing thermopile with its surface divided up into ) [64 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 45 38 58 45 58 51 32 32 56 38 51 58 58 32 51 32 58 38 51 38 45 51 58 45 32 58 58 38 32 58 51 38 88 58 58 32 32 51 38 83 32 32 58 37 32 32 45 37 45 58 38 38 51 51 51 37 58 32 58 32 58 51 58 37 58 58 37 32 58 32 58 0]xS 500 4861 M (black and white portions. The black areas absorb considerably more solar radiation ) [58 32 51 51 58 33 51 58 58 33 83 58 32 32 51 33 58 58 38 32 32 58 58 45 28 33 33 70 58 51 33 58 32 51 51 58 32 51 38 51 51 45 32 51 58 45 58 38 58 32 51 58 58 45 32 58 51 38 51 58 32 56 32 88 58 38 51 32 45 58 32 51 38 32 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 0]xS 500 4994 M (than the white areas because of their low albed)[32 58 51 58 36 32 58 51 35 83 58 32 32 51 35 51 38 51 51 45 35 58 51 51 51 58 45 51 35 58 38 35 32 58 51 32 38 35 32 58 83 35 51 32 58 51 0]xS 2708 4994 M (o; as a result, the temperature of the )[58 32 35 51 45 35 51 35 38 51 45 58 32 32 28 35 32 58 51 35 32 51 88 58 51 38 51 32 58 38 51 35 58 38 35 32 58 51 0]xS 500 5127 M (black segments \()[58 32 51 51 58 29 45 51 58 88 51 58 32 45 29 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1274 5127 M (T)S F0S4B Ji 1338 5144 M (B)S F0S75 Ji 1387 5127 M (\) is higher than that of the white segments \()[38 29 32 45 29 58 32 58 58 51 38 29 32 58 51 58 29 32 58 51 32 29 58 38 29 32 58 51 29 83 58 32 32 51 29 45 51 58 88 51 58 32 45 29 0]xS F2S75 Ji 3389 5127 M (T)S F0S4B Ji 3453 5144 M (W)S F0S75 Ji 3522 5127 M (\). 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b3032d0004032d032d4518694474747575592b4358b900180332b3303532 38b80332b361663238b80332b3535a3238b80332b3454e3238b80332b33c 413218b80332b23f330a410f0332000100ba033200ca033200da033200ea 033200fa03320005033203324518694474752b2b2b2b2b2b597300732b01 2b7575002b2b2b74002b2b2b732b74012b002b2b017373737474732b2b00 732b2b002b2b2b017374732b012b2b012b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b 00017375007373004569440073730173742b2b2b2b2b732b00732b752b2b 732b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b0000> [15785 11565 15133 15893 15661 16181 16337 16077 15205 16177 15877 16065 15621 15813 16129 13457 16337 16293 16819 ] AllocGlyphStorage ]def 108 44 PrepFor2015 AddFontInfoBegin AddFontInfo /OrigFontType /TrueType def /OrigFontName <54696D6573204E657720526F6D616E> def /OrigFontStyle () def /FSType 0 def AddFontInfoEnd [16#2c 16#f05be201 ] AddXUID Type42DictEnd 8 15322 507 <00020032000004f2056b0003000600ec404348057a058a05990504051810 12340218101234032c0b1134042c091134250379068806f706040c021b02 020a011a017a018a01f801050b051b05580503050504010000b802c94016 06051406060505040506042203021403030204060306b802c9b2000805b8 0205401502010302010003a7200470048004030f0440040204b801b2400f 0500901f062f066f067f068f060506b802ec40151f05014f05af05df05ef 05048005af050205050807191112392f5d7172f45d18ed1910f45d5d18ed 113939003f3ced3fed3c103c87052e2b087d10c487052e182b87087dc431 30015d5d5d5d2b2b2b2b005d3301330127010132026022023eeffe6bfe4a 056bfa955503e4fc1c00>/TTE197C8D8t00 AddT42Char 1 0 0 <0002011c0000051c050000030007004db10201bb02be0006000702bfb200 0504b802beb403000a0704b802beb5010019080605bf02be000200030129 3c31302111211125211121011c0400fc2003c0fc400500fb002004c0>/TTE197C8D8t00 0009016b015e00182b10f63cfd3c4e10f43c4dfd3c003f3cfd3c10fc3cfd AddT42Char /TTE197C8D8t00 findfont /CharStrings get begin /Delta 507 def /.notdef 0 def end /TTE197C8D8t00 findfont /Encoding get dup 1 /Delta put pop F /F4 0 /0 F /TTE197C8D8t00 mF /F4S75 F4 [117 0 0 -117 0 0 ] mFS F4S75 Ji 1034 5260 M <01>S F2S75 Ji 1108 5260 M (T)S F0S75 Ji 1172 5260 M (\), where )[38 28 30 83 58 51 38 51 0]xS F4S75 Ji 1579 5260 M <01>S F2S75 Ji 1653 5260 M (T)S F0S75 Ji 1717 5260 M (=)S F2S75 Ji 1782 5260 M (T)S F0S4B Ji 1846 5277 M (B)S /F2S4B F2 [75 0 0 -75 0 0 ] mFS F2S4B Ji 1895 5277 M ( )S F0S75 Ji 1915 5260 M (-)S F2S75 Ji 1953 5260 M (T)S F0S4B Ji 2017 5277 M (W)S F0S75 Ji 2086 5260 M (, is then converted into an electrical current by the )[28 30 32 45 30 32 58 51 58 30 51 58 58 58 51 38 32 51 58 29 32 58 32 58 29 51 58 29 51 32 51 51 32 38 32 51 51 32 29 51 58 38 38 51 58 32 29 58 56 29 32 58 51 0]xS 500 5393 M (thermopile \(given in millivolts, mV\) and can be displayed on a voltmeter. The ) [32 58 51 38 88 58 58 32 32 51 50 38 58 32 58 51 58 50 32 58 50 88 32 32 32 32 58 58 32 32 45 28 50 88 83 38 50 51 58 58 50 51 51 58 50 58 51 50 58 32 45 58 32 51 56 51 58 50 58 58 50 51 50 58 58 32 32 88 51 32 51 38 28 49 49 70 58 51 0]xS 500 5526 M (measurement of \()[88 51 51 45 58 38 51 88 51 58 32 34 58 38 34 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1313 5526 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 1396 5526 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 1461 5526 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 1519 5526 M (\) is much simplified because the relationship between )[38 34 32 45 34 88 58 51 58 34 45 32 88 58 32 32 38 32 51 58 34 58 51 51 51 58 45 51 34 32 58 51 34 38 51 32 51 32 32 58 58 45 58 32 58 34 58 51 32 83 51 51 58 0]xS F4S75 Ji 4062 5526 M <01>S F2S75 Ji 4136 5526 M (T)S F0S75 Ji 4200 5526 M ( and )[33 51 58 58 0]xS 500 5659 M (\()S F2S75 Ji 538 5659 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 621 5659 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 686 5659 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 744 5659 M (\) is essentially li)[38 28 32 45 28 51 45 45 51 58 32 32 51 32 32 56 28 32 0]xS 1492 5659 M (near.)[58 51 51 38 0]xS 1718 5659 M ( )S 500 5792 M ( )S LH (%%[Page: 1]%%) = % %%PageTrailer %%EndPageComments %%BeginPageSetup /DeviceRGB dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def mysetup concat colspRefresh % %%EndPageSetup /DeviceGray dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def 0 0 scol %%IncludeResource: font Courier 7500 VM? /Courier FontHasEuro not { /Euro.Courier [600 0 17 -12 578 584 ] <9CF8EC0DD1C303F88DC1037FC201F760C201F7CEC201F8A5C201F76004DB06A8FB0FE32E F7278B08DA8BD8A8C8B80873BA0556644870478B08278B39C56DF208F776069FC205FB94 068B968A968B96088B928B938C9208F7A6069FC205FBB106A3EAD3CCEB8B08D18BD071B1 63084307C106F75507550656075AAE569D438B08FB188B2D2D70FB0D085106775405D106 7A078B7E8C7F8C7E085706090E> AddEuroGlyph /Euro /Courier /Courier-Copy BuildNewFont } if F /F5 0 /256 T /Courier mF /F5S64 F5 [100 0 0 -100 0 0 ] mFS F5S64 Ji 500 5865 M ( )S : 2420 5792 60 100 rc 2420 5865 M (2)S ; : 2480 5792 1 100 rc 2480 5865 M ( )S ; F0S75 Ji 500 597 M ( )S 800 597 M (A pyranometer )[83 36 58 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 0]xS 1534 597 M (also can )[51 32 45 58 36 51 51 58 0]xS 1952 597 M (be used to measure albedo \()[58 51 36 58 45 51 58 35 32 58 35 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 35 51 32 58 51 58 58 35 0]xS F2S75 Ji 3267 597 M (a)S F0S75 Ji 3325 597 M (\). Recall that reflected )[38 28 35 35 77 51 51 51 32 32 35 32 58 51 32 35 38 51 38 32 51 51 32 51 58 0]xS 500 730 M (solar radiation is \()[45 58 32 51 38 41 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 41 32 45 41 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1372 730 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 1455 730 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 1520 730 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 1578 730 M (\))S F2S75 Ji 1616 730 M (a)S F0S75 Ji 1674 730 M ( and it can be measured by turning a pyranometer upside )[41 51 58 58 41 32 32 41 51 51 58 41 58 51 41 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 58 41 58 56 40 32 58 38 58 32 58 58 40 51 40 58 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 40 58 58 45 32 58 51 0]xS 500 863 M (down. Albedo then can be obtained from )[58 58 83 58 28 28 28 83 32 58 51 58 58 28 32 58 51 58 28 51 51 58 28 58 51 28 58 58 32 51 32 58 51 58 28 38 38 58 88 0]xS 2437 863 M ( )S 500 996 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 500 1129 M ( )S 800 1129 M ( )S 1100 1129 M ( )S 1400 1129 M (a)S F0S75 Ji 1458 1129 M ( = {[\()[28 65 28 55 38 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1710 1129 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 1793 1129 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 1858 1129 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 1916 1129 M (\))S F2S75 Ji 1954 1129 M (a)S F0S75 Ji 2012 1129 M (] / \()[37 28 32 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2175 1129 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 2258 1129 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 2323 1129 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 2381 1129 M (\)})[38 0]xS 2474 1129 M ( )S 2600 1129 M ( )S 2900 1129 M ( )S 3200 1129 M ( )S 3500 1129 M ( )S 3800 1129 M ( )S 4100 1129 M ( )S 4128 1129 M (\(2\))[38 58 0]xS 4262 1129 M ( )S 500 1262 M ( )S 500 1395 M (where \()[83 58 51 38 51 45 0]xS F2S75 Ji 864 1395 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 947 1395 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 1012 1395 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 1070 1395 M (\))S F2S75 Ji 1108 1395 M (a)S F0S75 Ji 1166 1395 M ( \(pyranometer upside down\) and \()[44 38 58 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 44 58 58 45 32 58 51 44 58 58 83 58 38 44 51 58 58 44 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2805 1395 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 2888 1395 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 2953 1395 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 3011 1395 M (\) \(pyranometer right side up\) )[38 44 38 58 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 44 38 32 58 58 32 44 45 32 58 51 44 58 58 38 0]xS 500 1528 M (are measured.)[51 38 51 28 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 58 0]xS 1136 1528 M ( )S 500 1661 M ( )S 500 1794 M ( )S 800 1794 M (It is additionally possible to measure diffuse solar radiation \() [38 32 37 32 45 37 51 58 58 32 32 32 58 58 51 32 32 56 37 58 58 45 45 32 58 32 51 37 32 58 37 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 37 58 32 38 38 58 45 51 37 45 58 32 51 38 36 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 36 0]xS F2S75 Ji 3671 1794 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 3729 1794 M (\) by shading a )[38 36 58 56 36 45 58 51 58 32 58 58 36 51 0]xS 500 1927 M (horizontal pyranometer to remove the direct or beam \()[58 58 38 32 51 58 58 32 51 32 28 58 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 28 32 58 28 38 51 88 58 58 51 28 32 58 51 28 58 32 38 51 51 32 28 58 38 28 58 51 51 88 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2990 1927 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 3073 1927 M (\) component from \()[38 28 51 58 88 58 58 58 51 58 32 28 38 38 58 88 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 3967 1927 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 4050 1927 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 4115 1927 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 4173 1927 M (\).)[38 0]xS 4239 1927 M ( )S 500 2060 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 2195 M (Measurement of )[109 51 58 45 64 51 51 95 51 64 38 28 58 38 0]xS 1329 2195 M (Longwave Radiation)[77 58 64 58 85 58 58 51 28 83 58 64 32 58 38 32 58 0]xS F0S75 Ji 2353 2195 M ( )S 500 2326 M ( )S 500 2459 M ( )S 800 2459 M (Longwave radiation coming from the ground, vegetation, buildings or sky can ) [70 58 58 58 83 51 58 51 29 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 29 51 58 88 32 58 58 29 38 38 58 88 29 32 58 51 28 58 38 58 58 58 58 28 28 58 51 58 51 32 51 32 32 58 58 28 28 58 58 32 32 58 32 58 58 45 28 58 38 28 45 58 56 28 51 51 58 0]xS 500 2592 M (be measured with an)[58 51 51 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 58 51 83 32 32 58 51 51 0]xS 1516 2592 M ( infrared thermometer \(a)[51 32 58 38 38 51 38 51 58 50 32 58 51 38 88 58 88 51 32 51 38 50 38 0]xS 2705 2592 M ( \223gun\224)[50 49 58 58 58 0]xS 3029 2592 M (\). The sensor compares the )[38 28 50 50 70 58 51 50 45 51 58 45 58 38 50 51 58 88 58 51 38 51 45 50 32 58 51 0]xS 500 2725 M (longwave flux coming from the target with that emitted within an internal cavity o) [32 58 58 58 83 51 58 51 34 38 32 58 58 34 51 58 88 32 58 58 34 38 38 58 88 34 32 58 51 34 32 51 38 58 51 32 34 83 32 32 58 34 32 58 51 32 34 51 88 32 32 32 51 58 34 83 32 32 58 32 58 34 51 58 34 32 58 32 51 38 58 51 32 34 51 51 58 32 32 56 33 0]xS 4362 2725 M (f )[38 0]xS 500 2858 M (known temperature. From the basic radiation law, we know that ) [58 58 58 83 58 28 32 51 88 58 51 38 51 32 58 38 51 28 28 28 64 38 58 88 28 32 58 51 28 58 51 45 32 51 28 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 28 32 51 83 28 28 83 51 28 58 58 58 83 28 32 58 51 32 0]xS 3493 2858 M ( )S 500 2991 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 500 3126 M ( )S 800 3126 M ( )S 1100 3126 M ( )S 1400 3126 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 1438 3126 M <AD>S F2S4B Ji 1508 3143 M (t)S F2S75 Ji 1528 3126 M ( = )[28 78 0]xS 424701 VM? -0.496 -0.305 1.117 1.023 256 array 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for /TTE1FC5090t00 Type42DictBegin [<00010000000a000a000a000a63767420ff44a297000000ac000007786670 676d015abb9200000824000005cd676c7966646252a6000036980002aabc 68656164c514940800000df400000036686865610c7d077200000e2c0000 0024686d74781197607500000e5000000eb06c6f6361056017e200001d00 00000eb46d61787008d90c5000002bb40000002070726570791a47c30000 2bd400000ac367646972000000000000000000000000058e0000054c001f 054c001c037100180000ffe10000ffe80000ffe8fe4afffc056b0023fe68 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324b5358b0ff1d594bb04753205c58b9027d027b4544b9027c027b454459 58b90146027d455258b9027d01464459594bb04753205c58b9001e027c45 44b90026027c45445958b9017f001e455258b9001e017f4459594bb05e53 205c58b9001f027d4544b90025027d45445958b901a8001f455258b9001f 01a84459594bb8010153205c58b1ab1f4544b11f1f45445958b9047000ab 455258b900ab04704459594bb8012553205c58b1e61f4544b11f1f454459 58b9051000e6455258b900e605104459594bb01753205c58b124244544b1 312445445958b12224455258b124224459594bb05153205c58b124244544 b1232445445958b17d24455258b1247d4459594bb06e53205c58b1242445 44b1332445445958b1aa24455258b124aa4459592b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b 2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b 2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b 2b2b65422b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b 2b2b2b2b2b2b45695342014b5058b108004259435c58b108004259161070 3eb0124358b911b53d801bba011c03d9000b2b59b00a2342b00b2342003f 3f182b103c012f5d060cb0062342b0072342b0124358b93b21187e1bba04 0001a8000b2b59b00c2342b00d2342b0124358b92d412d411bba04000400 000b2b59b00e2342b00f2342b0124358b9187e3b211bba01a80400000b2b 59b0102342b0112342002b4bb02e5358b8016b45b02a60b8016b23445900 18456944456944184569444569447373737375757573737475757575752b 4bb026534bb03d515a58b1262645b0196044592b45186944742b2b2b2b2b 2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b004bb02a534bb03f 515a58b1070745b04060445973732b2b451869442b2b752b2b4518694475 752b2b752b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b74752b2b2b2b2b45 1869442b002b732b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b2b012b2b2b007373732b2b2b01435c 58b8ffdeb31e1c3318b8037fb52b3318262b33b9fff00381b112332b2b2b 2b590173742b002b73752b2b732b2b2b2b2b73752b2b2b2b2b0000> [15881 15773 15825 15945 16225 16185 13909 15369 16289 16301 17089 ] AllocGlyphStorage ]def 108 44 PrepFor2015 AddFontInfoBegin AddFontInfo /OrigFontType /TrueType def /OrigFontName <54696D6573204E657720526F6D616E> def /OrigFontStyle (Italic) def /FSType 0 def AddFontInfoEnd [16#2c 16#faf2ba28 ] AddXUID Type42DictEnd 5 7634 304 <00010016ffe803210389003c00b7404ba52bbe03b016b035047f04013c22 09113445038a178b28ad1704020315033503034a174d3c0200001a261ec9 222205370b0b1524050731312c24370b0f201f202f200320202e12bf0e01 0eb8014340090f08010808bf2e012eb80143400d341831cf02df02ef0203 020229b80381400f3a2f3401342f3a5f3a7f3a033a343e11332f712f7110 ed332f5ded10ed5d332f5dfd5d3911392f5d003fed332f3fed332f111239 2fed393919392f313000715d5d2b01715d01263534363332161514062322 263534373635342623220615143332373633321514232227262322061514 1633323736363332161514062322263534360151b6bd9d8e9e2c23252a02 01383f5f98781a2b210f30280c202a1c64815d537a2d1226242028ce93a0 9a9f01df2c8a668e7443222e332208100a07213b8669830907252006079c 69476186362a2c1f48808863659e>/TTE1FC5090t00 AddT42Char 1 0 0 <0002010000000500050000030007003fb40201f80607b802664013000504 f803000a0704f8010019080605f80203b8014ab309a2dc182b10f63cfd3c 4e10f43c4dfd3c003f3cfd3c10fc3cfd3c31302111211125211121010004 00fc2003c0fc400500fb002004c0>/TTE1FC5090t00 AddT42Char /TTE1FC5090t00 findfont /CharStrings get begin /epsilon 304 def /.notdef 0 def end /TTE1FC5090t00 findfont /Encoding get dup 1 /epsilon put pop F /F6 0 /0 F /TTE1FC5090t00 mF /F6S75 F6 [117 0 0 -117 0 0 ] mFS F6S75 Ji 1662 3126 M <01>S F2S4B Ji 1707 3143 M (t)S 5 7978 305 <00020036ffe804380371000f0019008b403d1a0c1b0d1b162c0c2b165f16 6f16700270107f168f169f16a90da412ae16ae17bc0dbd16bc1713101101 100201b900000f061524070b02101301000018bb0381000400130381401f 0a7004b004cf0403040a804b53340a8043358f0a9f0a020a191a041b2bc3 182b113310e65d2b2b2f5d10ed10ed332f33113939003fed3f3c10fd3c3c 313001725d01072116151400232226353412363633070602151433321235 34043828febb8dfed9ce909d78d0e2eeb4fccf9892c903718d7591befec8 9f878001169f2e8d02fe9ab6b00184aa6600>/TTE1FC5090t00 AddT42Char /TTE1FC5090t00 findfont /CharStrings get begin /sigma 305 def end /TTE1FC5090t00 findfont /Encoding get dup 2 /sigma put pop F6S75 Ji 1727 3126 M <02>S F2S75 Ji 1784 3126 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 1848 3143 M (t)S 1868 3072 M (4)S F0S75 Ji 1905 3126 M ( )S 2000 3126 M ( )S 2300 3126 M ( )S 2600 3126 M ( )S 2900 3126 M ( )S 3200 3126 M ( )S 3500 3126 M ( )S 3528 3126 M ( )S 3800 3126 M ( )S 4100 3126 M (\(3a\))[38 58 51 0]xS 4285 3126 M ( )S 500 3259 M (and that)[51 58 58 28 32 58 51 0]xS 868 3259 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 500 3394 M ( )S 800 3394 M ( )S 1100 3394 M ( )S 1400 3394 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 1438 3394 M <AD>S F2S4B Ji 1508 3411 M (c)S F0S75 Ji 1540 3394 M ( = )[28 65 0]xS F6S75 Ji 1661 3394 M <01>S F2S4B Ji 1706 3411 M (c)S F6S75 Ji 1738 3394 M <02>S F2S75 Ji 1795 3394 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 1859 3411 M (c)S 1891 3340 M (4)S F0S75 Ji 1928 3394 M ( )S 2000 3394 M ( )S 2300 3394 M ( )S 2600 3394 M ( )S 2900 3394 M ( )S 3200 3394 M ( )S 3500 3394 M ( )S 3800 3394 M ( )S 4100 3394 M (\(3b\))[38 58 58 0]xS 4292 3394 M ( )S 500 3527 M ( )S 500 3662 M (where )[83 58 51 38 51 0]xS F2S75 Ji 818 3662 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 856 3662 M <AD>S F2S4B Ji 926 3679 M (t)S F0S75 Ji 946 3662 M ( is longwave radiation emitted by the target which is received by the gun ) [37 32 45 37 32 58 58 58 83 51 58 51 37 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 37 51 88 32 32 32 51 58 37 58 56 37 32 58 51 37 32 51 38 58 51 32 37 83 58 32 51 58 37 32 45 37 38 51 51 51 32 58 51 58 37 58 56 36 32 58 51 36 58 58 58 0]xS 500 3795 M (\(W)[38 0]xS 646 3795 M ( )S 705 3795 M (m)S F0S4B Ji 793 3741 M (-)S 817 3741 M (2)S F0S75 Ji 854 3795 M (\), )[38 28 0]xS F6S75 Ji 979 3795 M <01>S F2S4B Ji 1024 3812 M (t)S F0S75 Ji 1044 3795 M ( is the emissivity of the target, )[59 32 45 59 32 58 51 59 51 88 32 45 45 32 58 32 32 56 59 58 38 59 32 58 51 58 32 51 38 58 51 32 28 0]xS F6S75 Ji 2671 3795 M <02>S F0S75 Ji 2728 3795 M ( is the Stefan)[58 32 45 58 32 58 51 58 64 32 51 38 51 0]xS 3414 3795 M (-)S 3452 3795 M (Boltzmann constant )[77 58 32 32 51 88 51 58 58 58 51 58 58 45 32 51 58 32 0]xS 500 3930 M (\(5.67)[38 58 28 58 0]xS 740 3930 M <D7>S 805 3930 M (10)[58 0]xS F0S4B Ji 921 3876 M (-)S 945 3876 M (8)S F0S75 Ji 982 3930 M ( W)[49 0]xS 1139 3930 M ( )S 1188 3930 M (m)S F0S4B Ji 1276 3876 M (-)S 1300 3876 M (2)S F0S75 Ji 1337 3930 M ( )S 1386 3930 M (K)S F0S4B Ji 1469 3876 M (-)S 1493 3876 M (4)S F0S75 Ji 1530 3930 M (\), )[38 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1645 3930 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 1709 3947 M (t)S F0S75 Ji 1729 3930 M ( is the)[49 32 45 48 32 58 0]xS 2044 3930 M ( surf)[48 45 58 38 0]xS 2271 3930 M (ace temperature of the target \()[51 51 51 48 32 51 88 58 51 38 51 32 58 38 51 48 58 38 48 32 58 51 48 32 51 38 58 51 32 48 0]xS 3749 3930 M (K\), )[83 38 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 3946 3930 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 3984 3930 M <AD>S F2S4B Ji 4054 3947 M (c)S F0S75 Ji 4086 3930 M ( is t)[48 32 45 48 0]xS 4291 3930 M (he )[58 51 0]xS 500 4063 M (radiation emitted by the gun\222)[38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 28 51 88 32 32 32 51 58 28 58 56 28 32 58 51 28 58 58 58 0]xS 1832 4063 M (s cavity \(W)[45 28 51 51 58 32 32 56 28 38 0]xS 2359 4063 M ( )S 2387 4063 M (m)S F0S4B Ji 2475 4009 M (-)S 2499 4009 M (2)S F0S75 Ji 2536 4063 M (\), )[38 28 0]xS F6S75 Ji 2630 4063 M <01>S F2S4B Ji 2675 4080 M (c)S F0S75 Ji 2707 4063 M ( is the emissivity of the cavity and )[28 32 45 28 32 58 51 28 51 88 32 45 45 32 58 32 32 56 28 58 38 28 32 58 51 28 51 51 58 32 32 56 28 51 58 58 0]xS F2S75 Ji 4304 4063 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 4368 4080 M (c)S F0S75 Ji 4400 4063 M ( )S 500 4196 M (is the cavity temperature \()[32 45 28 32 58 51 28 51 51 58 32 32 56 28 32 51 88 58 51 38 51 32 58 38 51 28 0]xS 1696 4196 M (K\). With this information, we can write )[83 38 28 28 28 108 32 32 58 28 32 58 32 45 28 32 58 38 58 38 88 51 32 32 58 58 28 28 83 51 28 51 51 58 28 83 38 32 32 51 0]xS 3567 4196 M ( )S 500 4329 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 500 4464 M ( )S 800 4464 M ( )S 1100 4464 M ( )S 1400 4464 M (I)S F2S4B Ji 1438 4481 M (tc)[20 0]xS F0S75 Ji 1490 4464 M ( = )[28 65 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1611 4464 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 1649 4464 M <AD>S F2S4B Ji 1719 4481 M (t)S F0S75 Ji 1739 4464 M ( )S 1767 4464 M (-)S 1805 4464 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 1833 4464 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 1871 4464 M <AD>S F2S4B Ji 1941 4481 M (c)S F0S75 Ji 1973 4464 M ( = )[28 65 0]xS F6S75 Ji 2094 4464 M <01>S F2S4B Ji 2139 4481 M (t)S F6S75 Ji 2159 4464 M <02>S F2S75 Ji 2216 4464 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 2280 4481 M (t)S 2300 4410 M (4)S F0S75 Ji 2337 4464 M ( )S 2365 4464 M (-)S 2403 4464 M ( )S F6S75 Ji 2431 4464 M <01>S F2S4B Ji 2476 4481 M (c)S F6S75 Ji 2508 4464 M <02>S F2S75 Ji 2565 4464 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 2629 4481 M (c)S 2661 4410 M (4)S F0S75 Ji 2698 4464 M (.)S 2726 4464 M ( )S 2900 4464 M ( )S 3200 4464 M ( )S 3500 4464 M ( )S 3800 4464 M ( )S 4100 4464 M (\(4a\))[38 58 51 0]xS 4285 4464 M ( )S 500 4597 M ( )S 500 4730 M (If we assume that )[38 38 28 83 51 28 51 45 45 58 88 51 28 32 58 51 32 0]xS F6S75 Ji 1333 4730 M <01>S F2S4B Ji 1378 4747 M (t)S F0S75 Ji 1398 4730 M (=)S F6S75 Ji 1463 4730 M <01>S F2S4B Ji 1508 4747 M (c)S F0S75 Ji 1540 4730 M (=1 \(for simplicity\), then)[65 58 28 38 38 58 38 28 45 32 88 58 32 32 51 32 32 56 38 28 28 32 58 51 0]xS 2642 4730 M ( )S 500 4863 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 500 4996 M ( )S 800 4996 M ( )S 1100 4996 M ( )S 1400 4996 M <CE>S F2S4B Ji 1438 5013 M (tc)[20 0]xS F0S75 Ji 1490 4996 M ( = )[28 65 0]xS F6S75 Ji 1611 4996 M <02>S F0S75 Ji 1668 4996 M (\()S F2S75 Ji 1706 4996 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 1770 5013 M (t)S 1790 4942 M (4)S F0S75 Ji 1827 4996 M (-)S F2S75 Ji 1865 4996 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 1929 5013 M (c)S 1961 4942 M (4)S F0S75 Ji 1998 4996 M (\))S 2036 4996 M ( )S 2300 4996 M ( )S 2600 4996 M ( )S 2900 4996 M ( )S 3200 4996 M ( )S 3500 4996 M ( )S 3800 4996 M ( )S 4100 4996 M (\(4b\))[38 58 58 0]xS 4292 4996 M ( )S 500 5129 M ( )S 500 5262 M (and )[51 58 58 0]xS 695 5262 M ( )S 500 5395 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 500 5528 M ( )S 800 5528 M ( )S 1100 5528 M ( )S 1400 5528 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 1464 5545 M (t)S F0S75 Ji 1484 5528 M ( = [)[28 65 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1643 5528 M <CE>S F2S4B Ji 1681 5545 M (tc )[20 32 0]xS F6S75 Ji 1751 5528 M <02>S F2S4B Ji 1808 5474 M (-)S 1832 5474 M (1)S F0S75 Ji 1869 5528 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 1934 5528 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 1998 5545 M (c)S 2030 5474 M (4)S F0S75 Ji 2067 5528 M (])S F2S4B Ji 2104 5474 M (1/4)[37 20 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2198 5528 M (.)S F0S75 Ji 2226 5528 M ( )S 2300 5528 M ( )S 2600 5528 M ( )S 2900 5528 M ( )S 3200 5528 M ( )S 3500 5528 M ( )S 3800 5528 M ( )S 4100 5528 M (\(5\))[38 58 0]xS 4234 5528 M ( )S 500 5661 M ( )S LH (%%[Page: 2]%%) = % %%PageTrailer %%EndPageComments %%BeginPageSetup /DeviceRGB dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def mysetup concat colspRefresh % %%EndPageSetup /DeviceGray dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def 0 0 scol F5S64 Ji 500 5865 M ( )S : 2420 5792 60 100 rc 2420 5865 M (3)S ; : 2480 5792 1 100 rc 2480 5865 M ( )S ; F0S75 Ji 500 597 M (Equation \(5\) is)[70 58 58 51 32 32 58 58 41 38 58 38 41 32 0]xS 1210 597 M ( automatically solved by the gun for the surface temperature of the ) [41 51 58 32 58 88 51 32 32 51 51 32 32 56 41 45 58 32 58 51 58 41 58 56 40 32 58 51 40 58 58 58 40 38 58 38 40 32 58 51 40 45 58 38 38 51 51 51 40 32 51 88 58 51 38 51 32 58 38 51 40 58 38 40 32 58 51 0]xS 500 730 M (target. To estimate effective outgoing longwa)[32 51 38 58 51 32 28 92 92 70 58 92 51 45 32 32 88 51 32 51 92 51 38 38 51 51 32 32 58 51 92 58 58 32 58 58 32 58 58 92 32 58 58 58 83 0]xS 3006 730 M (ve radiation \()[58 51 92 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 91 0]xS F2S75 Ji 3746 730 M (I)S F0S75 Ji 3784 730 M (\) from gun )[38 91 38 38 58 88 91 58 58 58 0]xS 500 863 M (measurements, one must measure the target temperature associated with the surface ) [88 51 51 45 58 38 51 88 51 58 32 45 28 35 58 58 51 34 88 58 45 32 34 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 34 32 58 51 34 32 51 38 58 51 32 34 32 51 88 58 51 38 51 32 58 38 51 34 51 45 45 58 51 32 51 32 51 58 34 83 32 32 58 34 32 58 51 34 45 58 38 38 51 51 51 0]xS 500 996 M (\()S F2S75 Ji 538 996 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 602 1013 M (s)S F0S75 Ji 630 996 M (\), and with the sky)[38 28 35 51 58 58 35 83 32 32 58 35 32 58 51 35 45 58 0]xS 1508 996 M (-)S 1546 996 M (dome and surrounding environment \()[58 58 88 51 35 51 58 58 35 45 58 38 38 58 58 58 58 32 58 58 35 51 58 58 32 38 58 58 88 51 58 32 35 0]xS F2S75 Ji 3287 996 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 3351 1013 M (e)S F0S75 Ji 3383 996 M (\) which are \223seen\224)[38 35 83 58 32 51 58 35 51 38 51 34 49 45 51 51 58 0]xS 4252 996 M ( by )[34 58 56 0]xS 500 1129 M (the surface. Then one can easily solve)[32 58 51 28 45 58 38 38 51 51 51 28 28 28 70 58 51 58 28 58 58 51 28 51 51 58 28 51 51 45 32 32 56 28 45 58 32 58 0]xS 2272 1129 M ( )S 500 1262 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 500 1397 M ( )S 800 1397 M ( )S 1100 1397 M ( )S 1400 1397 M <CE>S F2S4B Ji 1438 1414 M (se)[28 0]xS F0S75 Ji 1498 1397 M ( = )[28 65 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1619 1397 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 1657 1397 M <AD>S F2S4B Ji 1727 1414 M (s)S F0S75 Ji 1755 1397 M ( )S 1783 1397 M (-)S 1821 1397 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 1849 1397 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 1887 1397 M <AF>S F2S4B Ji 1957 1414 M (e)S F0S75 Ji 1989 1397 M ( = )[28 65 0]xS F6S75 Ji 2110 1397 M <01>S F2S4B Ji 2155 1414 M (s)S F6S75 Ji 2183 1397 M <02>S F2S75 Ji 2240 1397 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 2304 1414 M (s)S 2332 1343 M (4)S F0S75 Ji 2369 1397 M ( )S 2397 1397 M (-)S 2435 1397 M ( )S F6S75 Ji 2463 1397 M <01>S F2S4B Ji 2508 1414 M (e)S F6S75 Ji 2540 1397 M <02>S F2S75 Ji 2597 1397 M (T)S F2S4B Ji 2661 1414 M (e)S 2693 1343 M (4)S F0S75 Ji 2730 1397 M (,)S 2758 1397 M ( )S 2900 1397 M ( )S 3200 1397 M ( )S 3500 1397 M ( )S 3800 1397 M ( )S 4100 1397 M (\(6\))[38 58 0]xS 4234 1397 M ( )S 500 1530 M ( )S 500 1663 M (i)S 532 1663 M (f we again assume that )[38 28 83 51 28 51 58 51 32 58 28 51 45 45 58 88 51 28 32 58 51 32 0]xS F6S75 Ji 1605 1663 M <01>S F2S4B Ji 1650 1680 M (s)S F0S75 Ji 1678 1663 M (=)S F6S75 Ji 1743 1663 M <01>S F2S4B Ji 1788 1680 M (e)S F0S75 Ji 1820 1663 M (=1.)[65 58 0]xS 1971 1663 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 1798 M ( )S 500 1931 M (Measurement of )[109 51 58 45 64 51 51 95 51 64 38 28 58 38 0]xS 1329 1931 M (Net )[83 51 38 0]xS 1529 1931 M (Radiation)[83 58 64 32 58 38 32 58 0]xS F0S75 Ji 2016 1931 M ( )S 500 2062 M ( )S 500 2195 M ( )S 800 2195 M (Net radiation )[83 51 32 45 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 0]xS 1466 2195 M (\()S F2S75 Ji 1504 2195 M (R)S F0S75 Ji 1574 2195 M (\) can be )[38 45 51 51 58 45 58 51 0]xS 2016 2195 M (estimated using a net radiometer. Net radiometers )[51 45 32 32 88 51 32 51 58 45 58 45 32 58 58 45 51 45 58 51 32 45 38 51 58 32 58 88 51 32 51 38 28 44 83 51 32 44 38 51 58 32 58 88 51 32 51 38 45 0]xS 500 2328 M (rely on differential thermopiles \(in much the same manner as pyranometers\) to ) [38 51 32 56 55 58 58 55 58 32 38 38 51 38 51 58 32 32 51 32 55 32 58 51 38 88 58 58 32 32 51 45 55 38 32 58 55 88 58 51 58 55 32 58 51 55 45 51 88 51 55 88 51 58 58 51 38 54 51 45 54 58 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 45 38 54 32 58 0]xS 500 2461 M (convert differenc)[51 58 58 58 51 38 32 39 58 32 38 38 51 38 51 58 0]xS 1300 2461 M (es in total radiation \()[51 45 39 32 58 39 32 58 32 51 32 38 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 38 0]xS 2293 2461 M (longwave plus short)[32 58 58 58 83 51 58 51 38 58 32 58 45 38 45 58 58 38 0]xS 3242 2461 M (wav)[83 51 0]xS 3434 2461 M (e\) received upon the )[51 38 38 38 51 51 51 32 58 51 58 38 58 58 58 58 38 32 58 51 0]xS 500 2594 M (instrument\222)[32 58 45 32 38 58 88 51 58 32 0]xS 1029 2594 M (s upper and lower surface into electrical current. That is, the upper ) [45 53 58 58 58 51 38 53 51 58 58 53 32 58 83 51 38 52 45 58 38 38 51 51 51 52 32 58 32 58 52 51 32 51 51 32 38 32 51 51 32 52 51 58 38 38 51 58 32 28 52 52 70 58 51 32 52 32 45 28 52 32 58 51 52 58 58 58 51 38 0]xS 500 2729 M (surface measures [)[45 58 38 38 51 51 51 42 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 45 41 0]xS 1380 2729 M (\()S F2S75 Ji 1418 2729 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 1501 2729 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 1566 2729 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 1624 2729 M (\)+)[38 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1727 2729 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 1765 2729 M <AF>S F0S75 Ji 1835 2729 M (] while the lower surface measures [)[37 41 83 58 32 32 51 41 32 58 51 41 32 58 83 51 38 41 45 58 38 38 51 51 51 41 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 45 41 0]xS 3574 2729 M (\()S F2S75 Ji 3612 2729 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 3695 2729 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 3760 2729 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 3818 2729 M (\))S F2S75 Ji 3856 2729 M (a)S F0S75 Ji 3914 2729 M ( +)[41 0]xS F2S75 Ji 4020 2729 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 4058 2729 M <AD>S F0S75 Ji 4128 2729 M (]. Net )[37 28 41 83 51 32 0]xS 500 2862 M (radiation is then)[38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 28 32 45 28 32 58 51 0]xS 1242 2862 M ( )S 500 2995 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 500 3130 M ( )S 800 3130 M ( )S 1100 3130 M ( )S 1400 3130 M (R)S F0S75 Ji 1470 3130 M ( = [\()[28 65 28 38 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1667 3130 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 1750 3130 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 1815 3130 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 1873 3130 M (\) + )[38 28 65 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2032 3130 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 2070 3130 M <AF>S F0S75 Ji 2140 3130 M (] )[37 0]xS 2205 3130 M (-)S 2243 3130 M ( [)[28 0]xS 2309 3130 M (\()S F2S75 Ji 2347 3130 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 2430 3130 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 2495 3130 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 2553 3130 M (\))S F2S75 Ji 2591 3130 M (a)S F0S75 Ji 2649 3130 M ( + )[28 65 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2770 3130 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 2808 3130 M <AD>S F0S75 Ji 2878 3130 M (])S 2915 3130 M ( )S 3200 3130 M ( )S 3500 3130 M ( )S 3800 3130 M ( )S 4100 3130 M (\(7a\))[38 58 51 0]xS 4285 3130 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 500 3265 M ( )S 800 3265 M ( )S 1100 3265 M ( )S 1400 3265 M (R)S F0S75 Ji 1470 3265 M ( = \()[28 65 28 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1657 3265 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 1740 3265 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 1805 3265 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 1863 3265 M (\) )[38 0]xS 1929 3265 M (-)S 1967 3265 M ( \()[28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2033 3265 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 2116 3265 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 2181 3265 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 2239 3265 M (\))S F2S75 Ji 2277 3265 M (a)S F0S75 Ji 2335 3265 M ( + )[28 65 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2456 3265 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 2494 3265 M <AF>S F0S75 Ji 2564 3265 M ( )S 2592 3265 M (-)S 2630 3265 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 2658 3265 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 2696 3265 M <AD>S F0S75 Ji 2766 3265 M ( )S 2794 3265 M ( )S 2900 3265 M ( )S 3200 3265 M ( )S 3500 3265 M ( )S 3800 3265 M ( )S 4100 3265 M (\(7b\))[38 58 58 0]xS 4292 3265 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 500 3398 M ( )S 800 3398 M ( )S 1100 3398 M ( )S 1400 3398 M (R)S F0S75 Ji 1470 3398 M ( = \()[28 65 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 1629 3398 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 1712 3398 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 1777 3398 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 1835 3398 M (\)\(1)[38 38 0]xS 1969 3398 M (-)S F2S75 Ji 2007 3398 M (a)S F0S75 Ji 2065 3398 M (\) )[38 0]xS 2131 3398 M (-)S 2169 3398 M ( )S F2S75 Ji 2197 3398 M (I)S F0S75 Ji 2235 3398 M (.)S 2263 3398 M ( )S 2300 3398 M ( )S 2600 3398 M ( )S 2900 3398 M ( )S 3200 3398 M ( )S 3500 3398 M ( )S 3800 3398 M ( )S 4100 3398 M (\(7c\))[38 58 51 0]xS 4285 3398 M ( )S 500 3531 M ( )S 500 3664 M (The upper and lower surfaces of a net radiometer are designed to absorb nearly all ) [70 58 51 37 58 58 58 51 38 37 51 58 58 37 32 58 83 51 38 37 45 58 38 38 51 51 51 45 37 58 38 37 51 37 58 51 32 37 38 51 58 32 58 88 51 32 51 38 37 51 38 51 37 58 51 45 32 58 58 51 58 37 32 58 37 51 58 45 58 38 58 37 58 51 51 38 32 56 36 51 32 32 0]xS 500 3797 M (incident radiation, regardless of wavelength \(that is why the) [32 58 51 32 58 51 58 32 47 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 28 47 38 51 58 51 38 58 32 51 45 45 47 58 38 47 83 51 58 51 32 51 58 58 32 58 47 38 32 58 51 32 47 32 45 47 83 58 56 47 32 58 0]xS 3407 3797 M (y appear black\). As )[56 47 51 58 58 51 51 38 47 58 32 51 51 58 38 28 46 46 83 45 0]xS 500 3932 M (with the pyranometers, the difference between [\()[83 32 32 58 34 32 58 51 34 58 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 45 28 34 32 58 51 33 58 32 38 38 51 38 51 58 51 51 33 58 51 32 83 51 51 58 33 38 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2766 3932 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 2849 3932 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 2914 3932 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 2972 3932 M (\)+)[38 0]xS F2S75 Ji 3075 3932 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 3113 3932 M <AF>S F0S75 Ji 3183 3932 M (] and [\()[37 33 51 58 58 33 38 0]xS F2S75 Ji 3529 3932 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 3612 3932 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 3677 3932 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 3735 3932 M (\))S F2S75 Ji 3773 3932 M (a)S F0S75 Ji 3831 3932 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 3896 3932 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 3934 3932 M <AD>S F0S75 Ji 4004 3932 M (], i.e., )[37 28 33 32 28 51 28 28 0]xS F2S75 Ji 4302 3932 M (R,)[70 0]xS F0S75 Ji 4400 3932 M ( )S 500 4065 M (produces a temperature difference \()[58 38 58 58 58 51 51 45 35 51 35 32 51 88 58 51 38 51 32 58 38 51 35 58 32 38 38 51 38 51 58 51 51 35 0]xS F4S75 Ji 2160 4065 M <01>S F2S75 Ji 2234 4065 M (T)S F0S75 Ji 2298 4065 M (\) between the upper and lower surface of the )[38 35 58 51 32 83 51 51 58 35 32 58 51 35 58 58 58 51 38 35 51 58 58 35 32 58 83 51 38 35 45 58 38 38 51 51 51 34 58 38 34 32 58 51 0]xS 500 4198 M (instrument. The thermopile then translates )[32 58 45 32 38 58 88 51 58 32 28 35 35 70 58 51 35 32 58 51 38 88 58 58 32 32 51 35 32 58 51 58 34 32 38 51 58 45 32 51 32 51 45 0]xS F4S75 Ji 2539 4198 M <01>S F2S75 Ji 2613 4198 M (T )[64 0]xS F0S75 Ji 2711 4198 M (into millivolts of curr)[32 58 32 58 34 88 32 32 32 32 58 58 32 32 45 34 58 38 34 51 58 38 0]xS 3715 4198 M (ent that can be )[51 58 32 34 32 58 51 32 34 51 51 58 34 58 51 0]xS 500 4331 M (displayed on a voltmeter.)[58 32 45 58 32 51 56 51 58 28 58 58 28 51 28 58 58 32 32 88 51 32 51 38 0]xS 1660 4331 M ( )S 500 4464 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 4599 M ( )S 800 4599 M ( )S 1100 4599 M ( )S 1400 4599 M ( )S 1700 4599 M ( )S 2000 4599 M (Assignment)[83 45 45 32 58 64 95 51 64 0]xS : N 2000 4612 575 11 rp C L ; F0S75 Ji 2575 4599 M ( )S 500 4730 M ( )S 500 4863 M ( )S 800 4863 M (Over the course of the next two weeks, each laboratory section will monitor ) [83 58 51 38 38 32 58 51 38 51 58 58 38 45 51 38 58 38 38 32 58 51 38 58 51 58 32 38 32 83 58 37 83 51 51 58 45 28 37 51 51 51 58 37 32 51 58 58 38 51 32 58 38 56 37 45 51 51 32 32 58 58 37 83 32 32 32 37 88 58 58 32 32 58 38 0]xS 500 4996 M (the radiation budget for a pe)[32 58 51 48 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 48 58 58 58 58 51 32 48 38 58 38 48 51 48 58 0]xS 1900 4996 M (riod of approximately thirty)[38 32 58 58 48 58 38 48 51 58 58 38 58 58 32 88 51 32 51 32 56 48 32 58 32 38 32 0]xS 3237 4996 M ( minutes at each of two )[48 88 32 58 58 32 51 45 47 51 32 47 51 51 51 58 47 58 38 47 32 83 58 0]xS 500 5129 M (sites. )[45 32 32 51 45 28 0]xS 764 5129 M ( )S 795 5129 M (One site will be a built \(urba)[83 58 51 31 45 32 32 51 31 83 32 32 32 31 58 51 31 51 31 58 58 32 32 32 31 38 58 38 58 0]xS 2127 5129 M (n or suburban\) environment and the other will be )[58 31 58 38 31 45 58 58 58 38 58 51 58 38 30 51 58 58 32 38 58 58 88 51 58 32 30 51 58 58 30 32 58 51 30 58 32 58 51 38 30 83 32 32 32 30 58 51 0]xS 500 5262 M (a rural or agricultural \(mostly vegetated\) site. Our complement of instrumen) [51 56 38 58 38 51 32 56 58 38 56 51 58 38 32 51 58 32 32 58 38 51 32 56 38 88 58 45 32 32 56 55 58 51 58 51 32 51 32 51 58 38 55 45 32 32 51 28 55 55 83 58 38 55 51 58 88 58 32 51 88 51 58 32 55 58 38 55 32 58 45 32 38 58 88 51 0]xS 4323 5262 M (ts )[32 45 0]xS 500 5395 M (includes: a )[32 58 51 32 58 58 51 45 32 47 51 0]xS 1062 5395 M (net radiometer, two)[58 51 32 47 38 51 58 32 58 88 51 32 51 38 28 47 32 83 0]xS 1995 5395 M ( )S 2041 5395 M (pyranometers, a couple of infrared thermometers, )[58 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 45 28 46 51 46 51 58 58 58 32 51 46 58 38 46 32 58 38 38 51 38 51 58 46 32 58 51 38 88 58 88 51 32 51 38 45 28 0]xS 500 5528 M (one or two )[58 58 51 56 58 38 56 32 83 58 0]xS 1104 5528 M (digital voltmeters, and several wir)[58 32 58 32 32 51 32 56 58 58 32 32 88 51 32 51 38 45 28 56 51 58 58 56 45 51 58 51 38 51 32 56 83 32 0]xS 2782 5528 M (es and bits of support apparatus.)[51 45 55 51 58 58 55 58 32 32 45 55 58 38 55 45 58 58 58 58 38 32 55 51 58 58 51 38 51 32 58 45 0]xS 4400 5528 M ( )[28 0]xS 500 5661 M (Calibration constants for the )[77 51 32 32 58 38 51 32 32 58 58 31 51 58 58 45 32 51 58 32 45 30 38 58 38 30 32 58 51 0]xS 1845 5661 M (pyranometers and the net radiometer appear in Table 1.)[58 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 45 30 51 58 58 30 32 58 51 30 58 51 32 30 38 51 58 32 58 88 51 32 51 38 30 51 58 58 51 51 38 30 32 58 30 70 51 58 32 51 30 58 0]xS 4400 5661 M ( )S LH (%%[Page: 3]%%) = % %%PageTrailer %%EndPageComments %%BeginPageSetup /DeviceRGB dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def mysetup concat colspRefresh % %%EndPageSetup /DeviceGray dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def 0 0 scol F5S64 Ji 500 5865 M ( )S : 2420 5792 60 100 rc 2420 5865 M (4)S ; : 2480 5792 1 100 rc 2480 5865 M ( )S ; F1S75 Ji 500 599 M (These instruments are both delicate and expensive, so please handle with care) [77 64 51 45 51 35 32 64 45 38 51 64 95 51 64 38 45 35 58 51 51 35 64 58 38 64 35 64 51 32 32 51 58 38 51 35 58 64 64 35 51 58 64 51 64 45 32 58 51 28 35 45 58 34 64 32 51 58 45 51 34 64 58 64 64 32 51 34 85 32 38 64 34 51 58 51 0]xS F0S75 Ji 4372 599 M (. )[28 28 0]xS 500 732 M (You should take measurements about every five minutes, a)[83 58 58 40 45 58 58 58 32 58 40 32 51 58 51 40 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 88 51 58 32 45 40 51 58 58 58 32 40 51 58 51 38 56 40 38 32 58 51 40 88 32 58 58 32 51 45 28 40 0]xS 3309 732 M (n)S 3367 732 M (d record them \(on the )[58 40 38 51 51 58 38 58 39 32 58 51 88 39 38 58 58 39 32 58 51 0]xS 500 865 M (attached \223Data Table\224)[51 32 32 51 51 58 51 58 29 49 83 51 32 51 29 70 51 58 32 51 0]xS 1521 865 M (\) along with the time and a)[38 29 51 32 58 58 58 29 83 32 32 58 28 32 58 51 28 32 32 88 51 28 51 58 58 28 0]xS 2753 865 M (ny other pertinent information )[58 56 28 58 32 58 51 38 28 58 51 38 32 32 58 51 58 32 28 32 58 38 58 38 88 51 32 32 58 58 0]xS 4169 865 M (\(e.g., )[38 51 28 58 28 28 0]xS 500 998 M (the proportion of the sky covered by clouds\). Later, you can average your ) [32 58 51 66 58 38 58 58 58 38 32 32 58 58 66 58 38 66 32 58 51 66 45 58 56 66 51 58 58 51 38 51 58 66 58 56 66 51 32 58 58 58 45 38 28 66 66 70 51 32 51 38 28 66 56 58 58 66 51 51 58 66 51 58 51 38 51 58 51 66 56 58 58 38 0]xS 500 1131 M (observations.)[58 58 45 51 38 58 51 32 32 58 58 45 0]xS 1112 1131 M ( )S 500 1264 M ( )S 800 1264 M ( )S 500 1397 M ( )S 800 1397 M (Using your measurements, please respond to the followin)[83 45 32 58 58 63 56 58 58 38 63 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 88 51 58 32 45 28 63 58 32 51 51 45 51 63 38 51 45 58 58 58 58 63 32 58 62 32 58 51 62 38 58 32 32 58 83 32 0]xS 3685 1397 M (g questions or )[58 62 58 58 51 45 32 32 58 58 45 62 58 38 0]xS 500 1530 M (statements, and turn in your responses along with your section's measurements. ) [45 32 51 32 51 88 51 58 32 45 28 54 51 58 58 54 32 58 38 58 54 32 58 54 56 58 58 38 54 38 51 45 58 58 58 45 51 45 54 51 32 58 58 58 54 83 32 32 58 53 56 58 58 38 53 45 51 51 32 32 58 58 20 45 53 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 88 51 58 32 45 28 28 0]xS F1S75 Ji 500 1665 M (Each question/answer is worth 10 points)[77 58 51 64 28 64 64 51 45 38 32 58 64 32 58 64 45 85 51 51 28 32 45 28 85 58 51 38 64 28 58 58 28 64 58 32 64 38 0]xS F0S75 Ji 2482 1665 M (.)S 2510 1665 M ( )S 500 1798 M ( )S 500 1931 M (1.)[58 0]xS 586 1931 M ( )S 800 1931 M (Describe your two measurement sites. Be sure to indicate where the trees, ) [83 51 45 51 38 32 58 51 44 56 58 58 38 44 32 83 58 44 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 88 51 58 32 44 45 32 32 51 45 28 44 44 77 51 43 45 58 38 51 43 32 58 43 32 58 58 32 51 51 32 51 43 83 58 51 38 51 43 32 58 51 43 32 38 51 51 45 28 0]xS 800 2064 M (buildings etc. are located and what they )[58 58 32 32 58 32 58 58 45 47 51 32 51 28 47 51 38 51 47 32 58 51 51 32 51 58 47 51 58 58 47 83 58 51 32 47 32 58 51 56 0]xS 2783 2064 M (are like. Also, describe what the )[51 38 51 47 32 32 58 51 28 47 47 83 32 45 58 28 47 58 51 45 51 38 32 58 51 47 83 58 51 32 46 32 58 51 0]xS 800 2197 M (weather was like on each day that you took measurements.)[83 51 51 32 58 51 38 28 83 51 45 28 32 32 58 51 28 58 58 28 51 51 51 58 28 58 51 56 28 32 58 51 32 28 56 58 58 28 32 58 58 58 28 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 88 51 58 32 45 0]xS 3495 2197 M ( )S 500 2330 M ( )S 500 2463 M (2.)[58 0]xS 586 2463 M ( )S 800 2463 M (Do your net radiometer measurements of )[83 58 39 56 58 58 38 39 58 51 32 39 38 51 58 32 58 88 51 32 51 38 39 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 88 51 58 32 45 39 58 38 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2775 2463 M (R)S F0S75 Ji 2845 2463 M ( give you the same answers as )[39 58 32 58 51 39 56 58 58 39 32 58 51 39 45 51 88 51 39 51 58 45 83 51 38 45 38 51 45 0]xS F2S75 Ji 4330 2463 M (R)S F0S75 Ji 4400 2463 M ( )S 800 2596 M (derived from your pyranometer measurements of \()[58 51 38 32 58 51 58 56 38 38 58 88 56 56 58 58 38 56 58 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 56 88 51 51 45 58 38 51 88 51 58 32 45 56 58 38 56 0]xS F2S75 Ji 3283 2596 M (Q)S F0S75 Ji 3366 2596 M (+)S F2S75 Ji 3431 2596 M (q)S F0S75 Ji 3489 2596 M (\)\(1)[38 38 0]xS 3623 2596 M (-)S F2S75 Ji 3661 2596 M (a)S F0S75 Ji 3719 2596 M (\) and infrared )[38 56 51 58 58 56 32 58 38 38 51 38 51 58 0]xS 800 2731 M (thermometer measur)[32 58 51 38 88 58 88 51 32 51 38 30 88 51 51 45 58 0]xS 1746 2731 M (ements of )[51 88 51 58 32 45 30 58 38 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2227 2731 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 2265 2731 M <AD>S F0S75 Ji 2335 2731 M ( )S 2365 2731 M (and )[51 58 58 0]xS F2S75 Ji 2562 2731 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 2600 2731 M <AF>S F0S75 Ji 2670 2731 M (? If not, how large are the differences )[52 30 38 38 30 58 58 32 28 29 58 58 83 29 32 51 38 58 51 29 51 38 51 29 32 58 51 29 58 32 38 38 51 38 51 58 51 51 45 0]xS 800 2864 M (and what are the possible reasons for them?)[51 58 58 28 83 58 51 32 28 51 38 51 28 32 58 51 28 58 58 45 45 32 58 32 51 28 38 51 51 45 58 58 45 28 38 58 38 28 32 58 51 88 0]xS 2808 2864 M ( )S 500 2997 M ( )S 500 3130 M (3.)[58 0]xS 586 3130 M ( )S 800 3130 M (Did the sky have a uniform tempe)[83 32 58 45 32 58 51 45 45 58 56 45 58 51 58 51 45 51 44 58 58 32 38 58 38 88 44 32 51 88 58 0]xS 2460 3130 M (rature? If not, where were the \223hot\224 and )[38 51 32 58 38 51 52 44 38 38 44 58 58 32 28 44 83 58 51 38 51 44 83 51 38 51 44 32 58 51 44 49 58 58 32 51 44 51 58 58 0]xS 800 3263 M <93>S 849 3263 M (cold)[51 58 32 0]xS 1048 3263 M <94>S 1099 3263 M ( spots, what were their temperatures and why were they located where ) [36 45 58 58 32 45 28 35 83 58 51 32 35 83 51 38 51 35 32 58 51 32 38 35 32 51 88 58 51 38 51 32 58 38 51 45 35 51 58 58 35 83 58 56 35 83 51 38 51 35 32 58 51 56 35 32 58 51 51 32 51 58 35 83 58 51 38 51 0]xS 800 3396 M (t)S 832 3396 M (hey were?)[58 51 56 28 83 51 38 51 0]xS 1300 3396 M ( )S 500 3529 M ( )S 500 3662 M (4.)[58 0]xS 586 3662 M ( )S 800 3662 M (What affects do surrounding buildings seem t)[108 58 51 32 73 51 38 38 51 51 32 45 73 58 58 73 45 58 38 38 58 58 58 58 32 58 58 73 58 58 32 32 58 32 58 58 45 73 45 51 51 88 73 0]xS 3166 3662 M (o have on the radiation )[58 73 58 51 58 51 73 58 58 73 32 58 51 72 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 0]xS 800 3795 M (budget)[58 58 58 58 51 0]xS 1115 3795 M <97>S 1231 3795 M (as opposed to the absence of buildings at your rural/agricultural ) [51 45 55 58 58 58 58 45 51 58 55 32 58 55 32 58 51 55 51 58 45 51 58 51 51 55 58 38 54 58 58 32 32 58 32 58 58 45 54 51 32 54 56 58 58 38 54 38 58 38 51 32 32 51 58 38 32 51 58 32 32 58 38 51 32 0]xS 800 3928 M (site?)[45 32 32 51 0]xS 1012 3928 M ( )S 500 4061 M ( )S 500 4194 M (5.)[58 0]xS 586 4194 M ( )S 800 4194 M (What influences did clouds have on the surface radiation budgets at your two ) [108 58 51 32 32 32 58 38 32 58 51 58 51 51 45 32 58 32 58 32 51 32 58 58 58 45 32 58 51 58 51 32 58 58 32 32 58 51 32 45 58 38 38 51 51 51 32 38 51 58 32 51 32 32 58 58 32 58 58 58 58 51 32 45 32 51 32 32 56 58 58 38 32 32 83 58 0]xS 800 4327 M (sites?)[45 32 32 51 45 0]xS 1057 4327 M ( )S 500 4460 M ( )S 500 4593 M ( )S 500 4726 M ( )S 500 4859 M ( )S 500 4992 M ( )S 500 5125 M ( )S 500 5258 M ( )S 500 5391 M ( )S 500 5524 M ( )S 500 5657 M ( )S LH (%%[Page: 4]%%) = % %%PageTrailer %%EndPageComments %%BeginPageSetup /DeviceRGB dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def mysetup concat colspRefresh % %%EndPageSetup /DeviceGray dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def 0 0 scol F5S64 Ji 500 5865 M ( )S : 2420 5792 60 100 rc 2420 5865 M (5)S ; : 2480 5792 1 100 rc 2480 5865 M ( )S ; F0S75 Ji 500 597 M ( )S 500 732 M ( )S 800 732 M ( )S 1100 732 M ( )S 1400 732 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 1700 732 M (Table 1)[77 58 64 32 51 28 0]xS 2068 732 M ( )S F0S75 Ji 500 863 M ( )S 500 998 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 800 998 M (Radiation Instrumentation Calib)[83 58 64 32 58 38 32 58 64 28 45 64 45 38 51 64 95 51 64 38 58 38 32 58 64 28 83 58 32 32 0]xS 2417 998 M (rations)[51 58 38 32 58 64 0]xS 2763 998 M ( )S F0S75 Ji 500 1129 M ( )S 500 1262 M ( )S 800 1262 M (Li)[70 0]xS 902 1262 M (-)S 940 1262 M (Cor Pyranometer:)[77 58 38 28 64 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 0]xS 1758 1262 M ( )S 2000 1262 M ( 95)[28 58 0]xS 2144 1262 M ( W)[28 0]xS 2280 1262 M ( )S 2308 1262 M (m)S F0S4B Ji 2396 1208 M (-)S 2420 1208 M (2)S 2457 1208 M ( )S F0S75 Ji 2475 1262 M (\(m)[38 0]xS 2601 1262 M ( )S 2629 1262 M (V\))[83 0]xS F0S4B Ji 2750 1208 M (-)S 2774 1208 M (1)S 2811 1208 M ( )S 500 1341 M ( )S F0S75 Ji 500 1528 M ( )S 800 1528 M (Eppley Pyranometer #2:)[70 58 58 32 51 56 28 64 56 38 51 58 58 88 51 32 51 38 28 58 58 0]xS 1914 1528 M ( )S 2000 1528 M ( 110)[28 58 58 0]xS 2202 1528 M ( W)[28 0]xS 2338 1528 M ( )S 2366 1528 M (m)S F0S4B Ji 2454 1474 M (-)S 2478 1474 M (2)S 2515 1474 M ( )S F0S75 Ji 2533 1528 M (\(m)[38 0]xS 2659 1528 M ( )S 2687 1528 M (V\))[83 0]xS F0S4B Ji 2808 1474 M (-)S 2832 1474 M (1)S 2869 1474 M ( )S 500 1607 M ( )S F0S75 Ji 500 1794 M ( )S 800 1794 M (Net Radiometer:)[83 51 32 28 77 51 58 32 58 88 51 32 51 38 1562 1794 M ( )S 1700 1794 M (>0)[65 0]xS 1823 1794 M ( )S 2000 1794 M (8.63)[58 28 58 0]xS 2202 1794 M ( W)[28 0]xS 2338 1794 M ( )S 2366 1794 M (m)S F0S4B Ji 2454 1740 M (-)S 2478 1740 M (2)S 2515 1740 M ( )S F0S75 Ji 2533 1794 M (\(m)[38 0]xS 2659 1794 M ( )S 2687 1794 M (V\))[83 0]xS F0S4B Ji 2808 1740 M (-)S 2832 1740 M (1)S 2869 1740 M ( )S F0S75 Ji 500 1927 M ( )S 800 1927 M ( )S 1100 1927 M ( )S 1400 1927 M ( )S 1700 1927 M (<0)[65 0]xS 1823 1927 M ( )S 2000 1927 M (10.62)[58 58 28 58 0]xS 2260 1927 M ( W)[28 0]xS 2396 1927 M ( )S 2424 1927 M (m)S F0S4B Ji 2512 1873 M (-)S 2536 1873 M (2)S 2573 1873 M ( )S F0S75 Ji 2591 1927 M (\(m)[38 0]xS 2717 1927 M ( )S 2745 1927 M (V\))[83 0]xS F0S4B Ji 2866 1873 M (-)S 2890 1873 M (1)S 2927 1873 M ( )S 0]xS LH (%%[Page: 5]%%) = % %%PageTrailer %%EndPageComments %%BeginPageSetup /DeviceRGB dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def mysetup concat colspRefresh % %%EndPageSetup /DeviceGray dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def 0 0 scol F5S64 Ji 500 5865 M ( )S : 2420 5792 60 100 rc 2420 5865 M (6)S ; : 2480 5792 1 100 rc 2480 5865 M ( )S ; F0S75 Ji 500 597 M ( )S 500 732 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 2199 732 M (Exercise 4)[77 58 51 51 51 32 45 51 28 0]xS : N 2199 745 502 11 rp C L ; F0S75 Ji 2701 732 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 865 M ( )S 2078 865 M (DATA TABLE)[83 83 77 83 28 77 83 77 77 0]xS F0S75 Ji 2823 865 M ( )S 500 996 M ( )S 500 1129 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 1264 M (Site #1 )[64 32 38 51 28 58 58 0]xS 857 1264 M ( )S 500 1397 M (Site Descri)[64 32 38 51 28 83 51 45 51 51 0]xS 1026 1397 M (ption:)[64 38 32 58 64 0]xS 1320 1397 M ( )S 500 1530 M (Sky Conditions:)[64 62 58 28 83 58 64 64 32 38 32 58 64 45 0]xS 1288 1530 M ( )S 500 1663 M (Time of First Observation:)[77 32 95 51 28 58 38 28 70 32 51 45 38 28 90 64 45 51 51 58 58 38 32 58 64 0]xS F0S75 Ji 1818 1663 M ( )S 500 1794 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 1929 M (Longwave Radiation)[77 58 64 58 85 58 58 51 28 83 58 64 32 58 38 32 58 0]xS 1524 1929 M ( )S 500 2062 M (-----------------------------------------------------------------) [38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2970 2062 M (-----------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4300 2062 M ( )S 500 2195 M (Time)[77 32 95 0]xS 755 2195 M ( )S 800 2195 M ( )S 1100 2195 M ( )S 1400 2195 M ( )S 1700 2195 M (0)S 1758 2195 M ( )S 2000 2195 M (5)S 2058 2195 M ( )S 2300 2195 M (10)[58 0]xS 2416 2195 M ( )S 2600 2195 M (15)[58 0]xS 2716 2195 M ( )S 2900 2195 M (20)[58 0]xS 3016 2195 M ( )S 3200 2195 M (25)[58 0]xS 3316 2195 M ( )S 3500 2195 M (30 )[58 58 0]xS 3644 2195 M ( )S 3672 2195 M ( )S 3800 2195 M ( )S 500 2328 M (-----------------------------------------------------------------) [38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2970 2328 M (-----------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4300 2328 M ( )S 5 500 2461 M ( )S %%IncludeResource: font Times-BoldItalic 7500 VM? /Times-BoldItalic FontHasEuro not { /Euro.Times-BoldItalic [500 0 9 -20 542 686 ] <94F8880DD6F70503F815A503F86FAB037DA801F78FC801F805C801F922A8018F0AD6F705 03F815A503F86FAB037DA801F78FC801F805C801F898F72401F8A9F942157306867E857E 7F8B088F0AD6F70503F815A503F86FAB037DA801F78FC801F805C801F922A801778B79A2 428B08288BFB07285BFB2E084B06734E05D206877C8271897B085306724E05D8068A7E8A 7C8B7B082CACFB12F72F1EC18BA2A2AB8B088F0AD6F70503F815A503F86FAB038C7601F7 8FC801F805C801F922A801978B8B788C8108A5068F0AD6F70503F815A503F86FAB0394F7 1F01F78FC801F805C801F922A801B4F73C056B068F0AD6F70503F815A503F86FAB037DA8 01F78FC801F805C801F922A8017E64552D458B084A6DB3D41F8BAD92B497BB08F73606A3 C805FB43068D9892AA909808F74C06A4C805FB57068D9092A295A908A3D4B2E8C48B08B6 BA6A301F8F0AD6F70503F815A503F86FAB037DA801F78FC801F805C801F898F724017D07 AB06090E> AddEuroGlyph /Euro /Times-BoldItalic /Times-BoldItalic-Copy BuildNewFont } if F /F7 0 /256 T /Times-BoldItalic mF /F7S75 F7 [117 0 0 -117 0 0 ] mFS F7S75 Ji 500 2595 M (T\()[70 0]xS /F3S75I28Y00 F3 [117 0 40.016 -117 0 0 ] mFS F3S75I28Y00 Ji Pscript_WinNT_Incr begin %%BeginResource: file Pscript_TextBold 5.0 0 /sB{1 copy 2 copy : sBdx 0 -M S ; : 0 sBdx -M S ; : sBdx sBdx -M S ; S}b/asB{3 copy 3 copy 3 copy : sBdx 0 -M A ; : 0 sBdx -M A ; : sBdx sBdx -M A ; A}b/wsB{4 copy 4 copy 4 copy : sBdx 0 -M W ; : 0 sBdx -M W ; : sBdx sBdx -M W ; W}b/awsB {6 copy 6 copy 6 copy : sBdx 0 -M D ; : 0 sBdx -M D ; : sBdx sBdx -M D ; D}b /xsB{2 copy 2 copy 2 copy : sBdx 0 -M xS ; : 0 sBdx -M xS ; : sBdx sBdx -M xS ; xS}b/zsB{2 copy 2 copy 2 copy : sBdx 0 -M zS ; : 0 sBdx -M zS ; : sBdx sBdx -M zS ; zS}b/ysB{2 copy 2 copy 2 copy : sBdx 0 -M yS ; : 0 sBdx -M yS ; : sBdx sBdx -M yS ; yS}b %%EndResource end reinitialize 608 2595 M <B0> /sBdx 600 300 div def sB F7S75 Ji 654 2595 M (C\) East)[77 38 28 77 58 45 0]xS F0S75 Ji 1009 2595 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 2729 M ( )S 800 2729 M (West)[103 51 45 0]xS F0S75 Ji 1031 2729 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 2862 M ( )S 800 2862 M (North)[83 58 45 32 0]xS F0S75 Ji 1082 2862 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 2995 M ( )S 800 2995 M (South)[64 58 64 32 0]xS 1082 2995 M ( )S 500 3128 M ( )S 800 3128 M (Sky)[64 58 0]xS 973 3128 M ( )S 500 3261 M (-----------------------------------------------------------------) [38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2970 3261 M (----------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4262 3261 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 3393 M (Ave. I)[83 58 51 28 28 0]xS F3S75 Ji 793 3393 M <AF>sB F1S75 Ji 864 3393 M ( )S 500 3526 M (----------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 880 3526 M (------------------------------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2932 3526 M (----------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4224 3526 M (-)S 4262 3526 M ( )S 500 3659 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 545 3659 M <AD>sB F1S75 Ji 616 3659 M ( )S 500 3792 M (========================)[66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 0]xS 2084 3792 M (========================)[66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 0]xS 3668 3792 M (=========)[66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 0]xS 4262 3792 M ( )S F0S75 Ji 500 3923 M ( )S 500 4056 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 4191 M (Radiation Budget)[83 58 64 32 58 38 32 58 64 28 77 64 64 58 51 0]xS 1367 4191 M ( )S 500 4324 M (-----------------------------------------------------------------) [38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2970 4324 M (---------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 3768 4324 M (--------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4300 4324 M ( )S 500 4457 M (Time)[77 32 95 0]xS 755 4457 M ( )S 800 4457 M ( )S 1100 4457 M ( )S 1400 4457 M ( )S 1700 4457 M (0)S 1758 4457 M ( )S 2000 4457 M (5)S 2058 4457 M ( )S 2300 4457 M (10)[58 0]xS 2416 4457 M ( )S 2600 4457 M (15)[58 0]xS 2716 4457 M ( )S 2900 4457 M (20)[58 0]xS 3016 4457 M ( )S 3200 4457 M (25)[58 0]xS 3316 4457 M ( )S 3500 4457 M (30 )[58 58 0]xS 3644 4457 M ( )S 3672 4457 M ( )S 3800 4457 M ( )S 500 4590 M (-----------------------------------------------------------------) [38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2970 4590 M (-----------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4300 4590 M ( )S 500 4723 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 4857 M (\(Q+q\))[38 83 66 58 0]xS F2S75 Ji 783 4857 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 4990 M (\(Q+q\)a)[38 83 66 58 38 0]xS F0S75 Ji 841 4990 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 5123 M (Ave. I)[77 51 51 28 28 0]xS F3S75 Ji 780 5123 M <AF>sB F0S75 Ji 851 5123 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 5257 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 545 5257 M <AD>sB F0S75 Ji 616 5257 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 5391 M (R)S F0S75 Ji 577 5391 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 5524 M (a)S F1S75 Ji 558 5524 M ( )S 500 5656 M (---------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 842 5656 M (---------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2096 5656 M (---------------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 3578 5656 M (-----------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4224 5656 M ( )S LH (%%[Page: 6]%%) = % %%PageTrailer %%EndPageComments %%BeginPageSetup /DeviceRGB dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def mysetup concat colspRefresh % %%EndPageSetup /DeviceGray dup setcolorspace /colspABC exch def 0 0 scol F5S64 Ji 500 5865 M ( )S : 2420 5792 60 100 rc 2420 5865 M (7)S ; : 2480 5792 1 100 rc 2480 5865 M ( )S ; F0S75 Ji 500 597 M ( )S 500 732 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 2199 732 M (Exercise 4)[77 58 51 51 51 32 45 51 28 : N 2199 745 502 11 rp C 0]xS L ; F0S75 Ji 2701 732 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 865 M ( )S 2078 865 M (DATA TABLE)[83 83 77 83 28 77 83 77 77 0]xS F0S75 Ji 2823 865 M ( )S 500 996 M ( )S 500 1129 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 1264 M (Site #2 )[64 32 38 51 28 58 58 0]xS 857 1264 M ( )S 500 1397 M (Site Description:)[64 32 38 51 28 83 51 45 51 51 32 64 38 32 58 64 0]xS 1320 1397 M ( )S 500 1530 M (Sky Conditions:)[64 62 58 28 83 58 64 64 32 38 32 58 64 45 0]xS 1288 1530 M ( )S 500 1663 M (Time of First Observation:)[77 32 95 51 28 58 38 28 70 32 51 45 38 28 90 64 45 51 51 58 58 38 32 58 64 0]xS F0S75 Ji 1818 1663 M ( )S 500 1794 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 1929 M (Longwave Radiation)[77 58 64 58 85 58 58 51 28 83 58 64 32 58 38 32 58 0]xS 1524 1929 M ( )S 500 2062 M (------------------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2096 2062 M (-----------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 3426 2062 M (-----------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4300 2062 M ( )S 500 2195 M (Time)[77 32 95 0]xS 755 2195 M ( )S 800 2195 M ( )S 1100 2195 M ( )S 1400 2195 M ( )S 1700 2195 M (0)S 1758 2195 M ( )S 2000 2195 M (5)S 2058 2195 M ( )S 2300 2195 M (10)[58 0]xS 2416 2195 M ( )S 2600 2195 M (15)[58 0]xS 2716 2195 M ( )S 2900 2195 M (20)[58 0]xS 3016 2195 M ( )S 3200 2195 M (25)[58 0]xS 3316 2195 M ( )S 3500 2195 M (30 )[58 58 0]xS 3644 2195 M ( )S 3672 2195 M ( )S 3800 2195 M ( )S 500 2328 M (-----------------------------------------------------------------) [38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2970 2328 M (-----------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4300 2328 M ( )S 500 2461 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 2595 M (T\()[70 0]xS F3S75I28Y00 Ji 608 2595 M <B0>sB F7S75 Ji 654 2595 M (C\) East)[77 38 28 77 58 45 0]xS F0S75 Ji 1009 2595 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 2729 M ( )S 800 2729 M (West)[103 51 45 0]xS F0S75 Ji 1031 2729 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 2862 M ( )S 800 2862 M (North)[83 58 45 32 0]xS F0S75 Ji 1082 2862 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 2995 M ( )S 800 2995 M (South)[64 58 64 32 0]xS 1082 2995 M ( )S 500 3128 M ( )S 800 3128 M (Sky)[64 58 0]xS 973 3128 M ( )S 500 3261 M (----------------------------------------------------------------) [38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2932 3261 M (----------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4224 3261 M (-)S 4262 3261 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 3393 M (Ave. I)[83 58 51 28 28 0]xS F3S75 Ji 793 3393 M <AF>sB F1S75 Ji 864 3393 M ( )S 500 3526 M (----------------------------------------------------------------) [38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2932 3526 M (----------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4224 3526 M (-)S 4262 3526 M ( )S 500 3659 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 545 3659 M <AD>sB F1S75 Ji 616 3659 M ( )S 500 3792 M (=================================)[66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 0]xS 2678 3792 M (========================)[66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 0]xS 4262 3792 M ( )S F0S75 Ji 500 3923 M ( )S 500 4056 M ( )S F1S75 Ji 500 4191 M (Radiation Budget)[83 58 64 32 58 38 32 58 64 28 77 64 64 58 51 0]xS 1367 4191 M ( )S 500 4324 M (-----------------------------------------------------------------) [38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2970 4324 M (-----------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 3388 4324 M (------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4300 4324 M ( )S 500 4457 M (Time)[77 32 95 0]xS 755 4457 M ( )S 800 4457 M ( )S 1100 4457 M ( )S 1400 4457 M ( )S 1700 4457 M (0)S 1758 4457 M ( )S 2000 4457 M (5)S 2058 4457 M ( )S 2300 4457 M (10)[58 0]xS 2416 4457 M ( )S 2600 4457 M (15)[58 0]xS 2716 4457 M ( )S 2900 4457 M (20)[58 0]xS 3016 4457 M ( )S 3200 4457 M (25)[58 0]xS 3316 4457 M ( )S 3500 4457 M (30)[58 0]xS 3616 4457 M ( )S 3644 4457 M ( )S 3800 4457 M ( )S 500 4590 M (-----------------------------------------------------------------) [38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2970 4590 M (-----------------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4300 4590 M ( )S 500 4723 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 4857 M (\(Q+q\))[38 83 66 58 0]xS F2S75 Ji 783 4857 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 4990 M (\(Q+q\)a)[38 83 66 58 38 0]xS F0S75 Ji 841 4990 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 5123 M (Ave. I)[77 51 51 28 28 0]xS F3S75 Ji 780 5123 M <AF>sB F0S75 Ji 851 5123 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 5257 M (I)S F3S75 Ji 545 5257 M <AD>sB F0S75 Ji 616 5257 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 5391 M (R)S F0S75 Ji 577 5391 M ( )S F7S75 Ji 500 5524 M (a)S F1S75 Ji 558 5524 M ( )S 500 5656 M (--------------------------------------------------------------) [38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 2856 5656 M (----------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 3236 5656 M (------------------------)[38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 0]xS 4148 5656 M (---)[38 38 0]xS 4262 5656 M ( )S LH (%%[Page: 7]%%) = % %%PageTrailer %%Trailer %%DocumentNeededResources: %%+ font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Symbol %%+ font Courier %%+ font Times-BoldItalic %%DocumentSuppliedResources: %%+ procset Pscript_WinNT_ErrorHandler 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_FatalError 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Win_Basic 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Win_Utils_L2 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Text 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Encoding256 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Win_Euro_L2 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Win_GdiObject 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_Win_GdiObject_L2 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_T42Hdr 5.0 0 %%+ procset Pscript_TextBold 5.0 0 Pscript_WinNT_Incr dup /terminate get exec ehsave restore (%%[LastPage]%%) = %%EOF ##%-12345X@PJL EOJ #%-12345X
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Delaware - GEOG - 152
#%-12345X@PJL JOB @PJL SET HOLD=OFF @PJL SET RESOLUTION = 600 @PJL SET BITSPERPIXEL = 2 @PJL SET ECONOMODE = OFF @PJL ENTER LANGUAGE = POSTSCRIPT %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %Title: Microsoft Word - exer_6e.doc %Creator: PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2 %CreationDate:
Concordia Chicago - MATH - 16100
Concordia Chicago - MATH - 16100
Homework #7. Hints. Problem 2a), Chapter 8. Let M = sup(-A). Then you know that a) x M for any x -A b) if y is some upper bound for -A, then y M . Use conditions a) and b) to show that -M is the greatest lower bound for A. Problem 14, Chapter 8. Y
Maryville MO - CHEM - 2050
Thin Layer and Column ChromatographyIntroduction Chromatography is an effective and very useful method for separation and purification of organic compounds that can be used even for complex mixtures. Chromatography separates components of a mixture
Maryville MO - CHEM - 2050
Identification of an Unknown Alcohol, Phenol, or EtherBACKGROUND INFORMATION: When you have a sample of an organic substance, learning its exact structure is important. Often you know something about the molecule - the reaction it came from, for exa
Maryville MO - CHEM - 2050
Nothing but NylonBACKGROUND INFORMATION: Synthetic polymers seem to be almost everywhere. Anything we call &quot;plastic&quot; is some sort of organic polymer, plus many fabrics, building materials, etc. While they vary greatly in structure and the small mole
Wisc Eau Claire - ANTH - 315
LinguisticsStudied structure of languages Studied langue Adequate to study one person Speech dismissed as random variationSociolinguisticsStudy actual speech Study attitudes and values relating to speech Must understand patterns of speech to u
Wisc Eau Claire - ANTH - 315
Dialects sForm of a language distinctive of a region or social group Includes pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary Accent: only refers to differences in pronunciationsssDialects of a language are mutually intelligible, for the most part Dist
Wisc Eau Claire - ANTH - 315
ETHNOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATIONAn ethnography of communication includes descriptions of all explicit and implicit norms for communication, detailing aspects of verbal, nonverbal, and social parameters of interactionFor Dell Hymes: 1) Participant
NMSU - CHEM - 116
NMSU - CHEM - 116
NMSU - CHEM - 116
NMSU - CHEM - 116
NMSU - CHEM - 116
UCSC - BIO - 119
1.Describe the function of the genes or gene products encoded in the special &quot;T DNA&quot; segment of a Ti plasmid. The T DNA is the portion of the plasmid transferred to the plant cell genome.Several T-DNA genes code for enzymes that synthesize plant
UConn - MATH - 101
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UConn - MATH - 101
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UConn - MATH - 101
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UCSC - BIO - 119
ReadingBOM-10 Sec. 25.11Biological Warfare and Biological Weaponsp. 872Weapons of Mass Destruction Nuclear Chemical Biological (Infectious Organisms (Pathogens) Bacterial Viral Fungal Biological ToxinsTarget Populations Domestic Crops Domes
UCSC - BIO - 119
ANTIBIOTICS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE Reading in BOM-10 Chap. 20: 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.9 20.12 20.13 Chemical Growth Control Antiseptics, Disinfectants, and Sterilants Synthetic Antimicrobial Drugs Naturally Occuring Antimicrobial drugs: Antib
UCSC - BIO - 119
The T-even capsid is a model &quot;nanomachine&quot;Self-Assembly Pathway of T-even Virions (Edgar and Wood)Host DNA DegradationHost DNA containing C: 5' 3' T4 Endonuclease II3'OH 5'P5'3' various (host) exonucleases3'OH 5'P5' 3' T4 Endonuclease I
Washington University in St. Louis - CSE - 260
CSE 260 Digital Computers: Organization and Logical DesignPractice Problems 4Jon Turner1. Does the following VHDL specification correspond to a combinational circuit? Why or why not? entity foo is port( a,b,c: in std_logic_vector(2 downto 0); x
Washington University in St. Louis - CSE - 260
CSE 260 Digital Computers: Organization and Logical DesignPractice Problems 7 SolutionsJon Turner1. If a sequential circuit is operated using a clock that has a frequency of 50 MHz, what is the time between consecutive rising clock edges? The t
Washington University in St. Louis - CSE - 260
CSE 260 Digital Computers: Organization and Logical DesignPractice Problems 10 SolutionsJon Turner April 1, 20081. The diagram below shows a memory array containing 32 words of 2 bits each. Label each memory cell in the third row from the top,
UNLV - HCA - 202
Group Project - The Team Concept (25% of Grade)Name of Group Project: _ Please rate the performance of your team members on a scale of 1-10 where 1 is poor and 10 is excellent. Include your name. Failure to submit an evaluation will result in points
UNLV - HCA - 202
Homework Study Designs October 20, 2004 Recent studies have investigated the possible relationships of Achilles Tendonitis for long distance runners who stretch before exercising and those who do not stretch before exercising. Those who stretch have
UNLV - EXAM - 202
WeekHospital inpatient census 1510 1980 2050 2640 2800 2760 2890 3010 3200 3500 3250 2600 2580 2050 1900 1575Reported Staph infections 150 200 240 300 290 325 380 480 550 580 465 300 250 250 160 120Prevalence rate of staph infectionsCounty Ge
UNLV - EXAM - 202
Age &lt;5 years 5-19 years 20-35 years 36-50 years 51-65 years &gt;65 years Total Dir. Adj. =Cochranville Population No. of DeathsChrisburg Death Rate Population No. of DeathsDeath Rate563 2,100 1,800 3,188 2,438 1,0508 8 15 45 98 2101,125 5,25
UNLV - EXAM - 202
Age &lt;5 years 5-19 years 20-35 years 36-50 years 51-65 years &gt;65 years TotalCochranville PopulationNo. of DeathsChrisburg Death Rate PopulationNo. of DeathsDeath RatePopulation750 2,800 2,400 4,250 3,250 1,40010 11 20 60 130 2801,500
UNLV - HCA - 202
MonthNumber of Births# of Cesarean Sections (CS)Cesar. Rate (r):ri = ei/ni * 100# of # of CS by deliveries by Nature's Nature's Group Inc. Group IncCS Rate (r): # of # of CS by CS (r): deliveries by Snip, Cut, &amp; Snip, Cut, &amp; Slice Obstet.
UNLV - HCA - 202
City Rate of Heart Disease per 10,000 Dallas 100 Columbia 250 Santa Barbara 80 Midland 300Rate of Heart Disease per 10,000 300 250 300250200150 100 80 50Rate of Hea Disease pe 10,0001000 Dallas Columbia Santa Barbara Midland0000Ra
UNLV - HCA - 202
HCA 202: Epidemiological Concepts for Health Care ManagersDr. Chris Cochran Associate Professor 895-1400Course Outline Descriptionof course syllabus The descriptive nature of epidemiology Using epidemiological analytical tools for investigat
UNLV - HCA - 202
Why We Use Mortality Information Mortality data is useful in terms that it is an index of the severity of disease, but it is not a good measure when considering diseases that are mild or not fatal. It is rarely a measure of incidence of disease excep
UNLV - HCA - 202
HOMEWORK 3 1. Adjustment of rates and ratios Death Rates are compared by Sex in Bellagio, NV You are given the following information. From the table below, compute for each sex separately (for Bellagio) and for the State (sexes are combined) the foll
Colorado - ECON - 4626
SECOND TERM PAPER ASSIGNMENT14 April 2009 Your assignment is to read the Harvard Business School Case entitled &quot;Mexico: The Unfinished Agenda&quot;, to write a double-spaced paper, no longer than five pages, in response, and to deliver that paper in .pdf
UNLV - HCA - 202
Week# of Staff infections, all hospitalsDeaths due to Death rate from # Staff staff infection, staff infections infections, all hospitals all hospitals County GeneralDeaths due to staff infection, County GeneralDeath rate from # Staff staff i
UNLV - HCA - 202
Age &lt;5 years 5-19 years 20-35 years 36-50 years 51-65 years &gt;65 years TotalCochranville Chrisburg Population No. of Death Rate Population No. of Death Rate Deaths DeathsState of Cochran Population563 2,100 1,800 3,188 2,438 1,0508 8 15 45 98
UNLV - HCA - 202
Age &lt;5 years 5-19 years 20-35 years 36-50 years 51-65 years &gt;65 years TotalCochranville PopulationNo. of DeathsChrisburg Death Rate PopulationNo. of DeathsDeath RateState of Cochran Population750 2,800 2,400 4,250 3,250 1,40010 11 20
UNLV - HCA - 202
Age &lt;5 years 5-19 years 20-35 years 36-50 years 51-65 years &gt;65 years TotalCity A PopulationNo. of Death Rate DeathsAgeCity B PopulationNo. of Death Rate DeathsAge562.5 2,100 1,800 3,188 2,438 1,05011137.58 8 15 45 98 2103840.0142
UNLV - HCA - 202
City A Age &lt;5 years 5-19 years 20-35 years 36-50 years 51-65 years &gt;65 years Total Direct City A 0.03 Indirect City A 0.03City BPopulation No. of Deaths Death Rate Age Population No. of Deaths Death Rate750 2,800 2,400 4,250 3,250 1,400148501
UC Riverside - CERT - 308
Ashgrove Ashgroveunit # LCC X (km) LCC Y (km) Stack height(m) Elevation (m) Stack diameter(m) KILN 415.09 257.91 30.48 1236.88 2.74 CLINKER 415.02 257.81 21.64 1234.44 1.83Exit velocity(m/s) Exit temperature (K) 12.50 454.83 16.15 328.72SO2 (lb
Colorado - ECON - 4626
SECOND TERM PAPER ASSIGNMENT17 November 2008 Your assignment is to read the Harvard Business School Case entitled Chile: The conundrum of inequality, and to write a typed, double-spaced paper, no longer than five pages, in response. Your paper may r
California State University, Monterey Bay - PSYCH - 315
Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2005, Vol. 114, No. 4, 494 504Copyright 2005 by the American Psychological Association 0021-843X/05/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.494Diagnostic Categories or Dimensions? A Question for the Diagnostic and Stati
California State University, Monterey Bay - PSYCH - 315
Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2005, Vol. 114, No. 4, 560 564Copyright 2005 by the American Psychological Association 0021-843X/05/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.560Clinical Utility: A Prerequisite for the Adoption of a Dimensional Approach
California State University, Monterey Bay - PSYCH - 315
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 2002, Vol. 33, No. 3, 260 264Copyright 2002 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 0735-7028/02/$5.00 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7028.33.3.260Gay Rights, Patient Rights: The Implications of Sexual Or
Harvard - LSTU - 130
PANAVISION INTERNATIONAL, L.P., a Delaware Limited Partnership, Plaintiff, v. Dennis TOEPPEN, an individual, Network Solutions, Inc., a District of Columbia Corporation, and Does 1-50, Defendants.No. 96-3284 DDP (JRX). United States District Court,
Harvard - LSTU - 130
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Harvard - LSTU - 130
Name:_DAVID ALBERT_Date:_2/7/05_CASE NAME:_Feist Publications Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co. Inc. _ Plaintiff(s): Rural Telephone Service (original plaintiff, now the respondent in the appeal) Defendant(s): Feist Publications (original defen
Washington - CHEM - 162
CHEM 162 Final Exam TopicsChapter 14: Hybridization (sp3, sp2, sp, dsp3, d2sp3) Geometry Molecular Orbitals Bond Order Bonding in Homonuclear Diatomics Paramagnetism in Diatomics Bonding in Heteronuclear Diatomics Molecular Spectroscopy - Vibrationa
Washington - CHEM - 162
Chapter #16 Liquids and Solids16.1) Intermolecular Forces 16.2) The Liquid State 16.3) An Introduction to Structures and Types of Solids 16.4) Structure and Bonding of Metals 16.5) Carbon and Silicon: Network Atomic Solids 16.6) Molecular Solids 16
Washington - CHEM - 162
Chapter 17 - Properties of Solutions17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 Solution Composition Thermodynamics of Solution Formation Factors Affecting Solubility Vapor Pressures of Solutions Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression Osm
Virginia Tech - ESM - 4015
Literature ReviewsESM 4015 Senior DesignSearching the LiteratureA literature search has three main purposes: to summarize prior research in a specific area, to evaluate prior research, to define/refine your research project. Conducting a l
Virginia Tech - ESM - 4015
Developing ProposalsWinning Your AudienceDesign ActivitiesNeed Recognition* Problem definition Planning Management Information gathering Idea Generation Modeling Feasibility analysis Evaluation Selection/Decision Communication Implementation Iden
Virginia Tech - ESM - 4015
Developing &amp; Using Presentation SlidesProject Plan ReviewsProject Plan ReviewGoal: Solicit feedback from colleagues and managers on the preliminary design and approach to your project Audience: Other students Advisors (yours and other gro
Cincinnati - UCME - 781
Virginia Tech - ESM - 4015
1. Review the E-Portfolio Presentation assignment available on our course web site. 2. Log into the Scholar Development site (http:/scholar.vt.edu) using your VT PID and password. 3. Select the &quot;tab&quot; corresponding to &quot;My Workspace&quot;. 4. Select &quot;Resour
Colorado - ECON - 4626
FIRST TERM PAPER ASSIGNMENT20 February 2006 Your assignment is to read the Harvard Business School Case entitled &quot;American Outsourcing&quot;, and to write a typed, double-spaced paper, no longer than three pages, in response. Your paper may respond to an
Colorado - ECON - 4626
University of Colorado Department of Economics Economics 4626 Prof. Jeffrey S. Zax Answers, Second Midterm Examination 8 April 20061.a(4 out of 4 points) Cutler et al. believe that Americans have bcome more obese due to specialization of food pro
Idaho - EE - 101
Idaho - EE - 101
A BC D
Idaho - EE - 101
+4 Nucleus of atom+4+4Covalent bonds+4+4+4 Orbital electrons+4+4+4Free Electron +4 Donor Atom +4 +5 +4 +4 +4 Acceptor Atom +4 +3 +4 +4Free Hole +4+4+4+4+4+4+4+4(1)(2)Metallurgical Junction p-type semiconducto