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Lecture 21
Course: ECON 3229, Fall 2009School: Maryville MO
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Chapter 23 1. Monetarists claim that ________ models ignore important transmission mechanisms and therefore ________ the importance of the effects of monetary policy on the economy. (1) structural; overstate (2) reduced-form; overstate (3) reduced-form; understate (4) structural; understate 2. Early Keynesians believed that low _________ during the Great Depression indicted that _________ policy had been...
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Chapter 23 1. Monetarists claim that ________ models ignore important transmission mechanisms and therefore ________ the importance of the effects of monetary policy on the economy. (1) structural; overstate (2) reduced-form; overstate (3) reduced-form; understate (4) structural; understate 2. Early Keynesians believed that low _________ during the Great Depression indicted that _________ policy had been expansionary. (1) money growth; fiscal (2) money growth; monetary (3) Treasury bond interest rates; fiscal (4) Treasury bond interest rates; monetary 3. According to Tobin's q theory, if q is _____, new plant and equipment capital is _____ relative to the market value of business firms, so companies can buy a lot of new investment goods with only a _____ issue of stock. (1) high; dear; large (2) high; cheap; large (3) high; cheap; small (4) low; cheap; large (5) low; cheap; small 4. A contractionary monetary policy raises the real interest rate, causing the domestic currency to ________, thereby __________ net exports. (1) appreciate; raising (2) appreciate; lowering (3) depreciate; raising (4) depreciate; lowering 5. According to credit view theories, an expansionary monet...
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Maryville MO - ECON - 3229
Chapter 24 1. Which of the following statements are true? A: Cost-push inflation can result when workers decide to raise real wages and Government is committed to maintain the natural rate level of output. B: Both Keynesian and Monetarists believe th
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 4023
VIOLENCE AND SOCIETY SOC 4023DR. CHEATWOOD SPRING, 2005This class meets Tuesday and Thursday, 3:30-4:45 My office is MS 4.02.44, the phone number is 458-5646 My office hours are Tuesday and Thursday, 2:00 to 3:00 or by appointment. INTRODUCTION:
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
WHAT IS IT?Where We Fit in the Hierarchy?YROPERTYPRODUCTION. the keys to historyation to MEANS OF means of production o work for owners USNESS & CONFLICT areAspects of Stratificationes CLASS (wealth) s STATUS (fame) OWER (control)
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
OBAL STRATIFICATIONons Stratify Like People - into a archy of Nations1st - 2nd - 3rd World Most Industrialized - Industrializing - Least Industrialized- is there evidence that all are industrializing - not reallys all based on models developed
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
RACE AND ETHNICITY I. RACE: group with inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another groupa. Societies see races as not just different but STRATIFIED Better - Worse Higher - Lower b. Allows for everything from slavery to genoci
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
THEORIES OF PREJUDICE Why are people prejudiced? I. Psychological Theories A. Frustration - scapegoating B. Authoritarian personality II. Functionalism Power - Property - Prestige (again) III. Conflict Theory A. Reserve labor force B. Divide and conq
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
RACE and ETHNICITY in the UNITED STATESI. White Europeans - color a. WASPS b. Ethnic Europeans c. What is white? Anglo?II. African Americans - race a. Heritage of slavery b. Devaluation of human life III. Latinos - ethnicity a. Hispanics, Latino/a
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D I F F EREN T QU EST I ON S ABOU T D EVI AN CE:1. Why D o People Act in D eviant Ways:0100090000034802000004001c01000000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000000c027d039002050000 0004010d0000000500000006010100000007000000fc020000ffffff00000
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
ON0100090000036b00000003000900000000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000000c025b036b02 0500000004010d0000000500000006010100000007000000fc020000ffffff000000040000002d01000008000000fa0 205000100000000000000040000002d010100070000001b045d036d02
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
0100090000036b00000003000900000000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000000c025b036b02 0500000004010d0000000500000006010100000007000000fc020000ffffff000000040000002d01000008000000fa0 205000100000000000000040000002d010100070000001b045d036d020000
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SOCIAL MOVEMENTSI. Large numbers of people organized to promote or resist social change. a. Proactive - to promote b. Reactive - to resistII. Types: A. Targeting Individuals 1. Alterative - altering individual's behavior 2. Redemptive - total chan
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
THE ENVIRONMENT I. SOCIAL STRUCTURES of Modern Life Threaten the Environment on a Grand Scale. II. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION A. Runs on Fossil Fuels 1. Acid rain 2. Greenhouse effect 3. Global warming III. A SOCIAL PRODUCT, a SOCIAL FACT, a SOCIAL PROBLE
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POWER I. LEGITIMACY Granted to those above giving them ability/right to get their way, make decisions for others. II. AUTHORITY 1. Traditional - based on custom Decision makers are those who have "always" made decisions. 2. Rational/legal - based on
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
POLITICS IN THE U.S. I. We are a strong centrist, moderate, government based on compromise. a. Has enabled us to survive 220 years b. One of oldest continuous government structures in the world II. Voting a. History - move to universal suffrage b. Sh
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
ECONOMICS I. Is about DISTRIBUTION of limited physical resourcesII. At most basic: a. Food b. Shelter/clothing c. Protection III. Resources - Goods - are always limited a. When scarce - subsistence economy - survival may mean limiting sharing b. On
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT I. Movement in time from a. Subsistence b. Pastoral c. Agricultural d. Industrial e. Post-industrial II. Post-industrial economies a. Large service sector b. Large surpluses c. Extensive international trade d. More, and more di
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONI. Most of History: Food available limited by Technology toa. b. c. Produce Preserve Transport & DistributeII. Industrialization Changed Thata. b. c. d. Increases in food Increases in sanitation - health Decreases in death
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
POPULATION PYRAMIDSI. Way of showing AGE and GENDER composition of a population.II. Pyramids are very different for INDUSTRIALIZED versus INDUSTRIALIZING nations. III. Population is Determined by: A. Fertility1. Fertility rate: # children average
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
URBANIZATIONI. Cities are reflection of - and made possible by: a. Efficient agriculture b. Adequate transportation c. Relative security/stability/safetyII. 75% of people in Industrialized nations live in cities. 1. In the U.S. a. 1790: 5% live in
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
WHO LIVES IN CITIES? I. By Choice a. Cosmopolites b. Singles c. Ethnic villagers II. Not by Choice a. Deprived b. Trapped III. What Kills the City a. Education b. Crime IV. The City as a Third World Country.
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
MATE SELECTIONI. MARRIAGE a. Group's institutionalized mating arrangement b. Other arrangements may be "approved" or "accepted" c. Impact of "institutionalized:" Everything from insurance to inheritanceII. WHO we can select is governed by Society
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
FAMILY PROCESS The Family Life Cycle 1. Courtship a. Romantic love b. Rational, convenient,. 2. Marriage 3. Childbirth a. Dyad to triad b. New Stresses 4. Child Rearing a. Couples vs. Single Parents b. Stay at home parent c. Social class effects 5. E
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
TRENDS IN MARRIAGE AND FAMILY IN THE UNITED STATES I. Postponing Marriage a. Median age is over 25 b. Delaying children II. Cohabitation a. As an alternative or a test b. Gay couples III. Unmarried Mothers a. Again - economy, opportunity b. Child rea
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
DIVORCE 1. Another Trend - but peaked in 1980's 2. Extent a. About b. U.S. is highest among industrial nations 1. Mobility 2. Values 3. Family support structures in Europe (Latinos) 3. Issues a. Absent parents - serial fathers b. Impact on children
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
EDUCATION & RELIGION1. Education - Grounded in Culture & Economy 2. Global Structures - Evolution of Education 3. Education as Interaction 4. Education: Problems & Solutions 5. Religion - Definition 6. Religion: Functions & Dysfunctions 7. Religion:
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
EDUCATION IS INTERACTION I. Can be seen as Interactional Process - Interplay between A. Student - Teacher 1. Tracking 2. Social placement - signals B. Student - Student 1. Rate busters C. Teacher - Teacher 1. Cultural expectations
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
EDUCATION PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS I. PROBLEMS A. Mediocrity 1. Grade Inflation 2. Social Promotion 3. Functional Illiteracy B. Violence 1. Not increasing 2. Shadows ability to learn II. SOLUTIONS A. Higher Standards/Expectations B. Integration of the fa
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
RELIGION I. Defined by 3 Elements: 1. Belief in some things as sacred 2. Practices around those things considered sacred 3. Moral Community resulting from beliefs & practices II. Sacred: Parts of life having to do with the supernatural - not "of this
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
RELIGION FUNCTIONS & DYSFUNCTIONS I. FUNCTIONS 1. Fosters social solidarity 2. Provides guidelines for life 3. Provides answers to lifes questions/problems 4. Aids adaptation 5. Instills - usually - cultural values II. DYSFUNCTIONS 1. Intolerance 2.
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
RELIGION: OTHER ROLES AND CRITIQUESI. TO DEFINE a. SELF and PLACE b. through BELIEF and RITUALII. CRITIQUE: 1. Opium of the People (Opiate of the Masses) a. Distances from reality promises a better life somewhere else b. Legitimates social inequal
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
RELIGION: GROUPS and MEMBERS I. TYPES and Characteristics a. Ecclesia: Church & State united b. Church: Bureaucratic structure c. Sect: Crosses line church/sect c. Cult: Different religion at odds with Profane II. Characteristics of MEMBERS of each v
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
Section IV Social Structure and Social Interaction1. Levels of Scale in Social Life Macro - Micro 2. Macro Social Levels Components of the Social Structure Status - Roles - Groups - Institutions Societies 3. Micro Social Levels Self-Other-Situation
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
LEVELS OF SCALE OF SOCIAL LIFEMACROFocuses on broad features Structure Functional theory Society as subject matter matterMICROFocuses on interactions Symbolic Interaction Theory Small groups as subject
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
SOCIAL ROLESet of EXPECTATIONS attached to a Status. We Occupy a Status - We Play a Role Expectations for how one is to: Look Act What to do What not to do Talk ? Think ? We assume the role is the person the person is the role
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
A GROUPTwo or more people who interact and 1. Share - however limited - a culture 2. Have an awareness of others in the group 3. Act with that cultural awareness in mindAll relatively long lasting groups share similar problems. The structures that
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
SOCIETY1. Book (and Common): A group of people sharing a territory and culture. But - what of the Jews? Palestinians? II. Basic: A broad group with shared culture. III. Types and Revolutions: Based on Economy 1. Hunting and Gathering Societies Revol
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
All This Goes Back to THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY- - My ROLE already exists But I have a hand in creating my role - - Your ROLE already exists But you have a hand in creating your role - - My actions in my role affect your actions in your rol
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
First Section:1. Sociology - What is it? 2. History of the development of SociologyEarly European American Theory and Application3. Major Theoretical ApproachesSymbolic Interactionism Structure Functionalism Conflict Methods Analysis4. Researc
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE The intersection of History and Biography Groups - Individuals 1. Groups act in their own ways 2. Social Facts explain social facts 3. What are we talking about:1. 2. Events - numbers Rates Examples: Suicide Why is Maria
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT WHAT SOCIOLOGY OISO 1. Sociology as Science 2. Sociology as Reform 3. Sociology as a ToolThe Answer is a Personal - Moral Decision Consider: Act justly in a just cause Act objectively in a just cause Not act in a just cause Act
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
CONFLICT THEORIESI. Society is an arrangement of interests competing for scarce resources. These scarce resources are usually Economic Goods or Power.II. Continuum of Social Arrangements:CONFLICT - CONFRONTATION - COMPETITION -CONSENSUSIII. Var
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
RESEARCH MODEL1. Select a topic. 2. Define the problem - what IS the question? 3. Review the literature. 4. Formulate hypothesis. A. Axioms/Propositions/Hypotheses B. Variables C. Operational Definition: What operations dowe perform to define the v
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
ETHICS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE 1. 2.We deal with other people's lives. Some basics of all ethical behavior Honesty Truth Social Science ethics No harm to subjects Anonymity Case studies: Laud Humphreys Vanessa Leggett3.4.
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
Section III SOCIALIZATION1. What is it? 2. How does it work? How is it done? Self-Other-Situation Cooley, Mead, Piaget, Freud 3. How are we socialized? Differential Association 4. Gender socialization. Primary and pervasive 5. Socialization through
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
SOCIALIZATIONThe process by which we learn the culture of the society and sub-groups. How does it work? Key Concepts: SELF - OTHER - SITUATION 1. C.H. Cooley - the Looking Glass Self 1. We imagine how we appear to others 2. We interpret other's reac
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
HOW are we SOCIALIZED?(Variation of SutherlandOs Differential Association Theory) 1. We learn all we are in a process of communication, primarily in intimate groups. 2. We learn both techniques (acts) and rationalizations (meanings) in these groups
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
GROUPS 1. Define group, aggregate, category 2. Primary and Secondary groups 3. OthersIn and out groups Reference group Social Networks 1. Definition 2. Characteristics 3. Adaptations and Pathologies 1. Dyads, triads, qualitative shifts in size 2. Ef
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY GROUPS 1. Primary Groups1. 2. 3. 4. Intimate, face to face Group exists for its own sake Primary in creating the social self Common: 1. Family 2. Peer 3. Romantic dyad 4. Recreation Anonymous - large Formal - exist for a specif
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
OTHER GROUP DISTINCTIONS 1. In-group / Out-groupBoth define those who belong and those who don't in order to define the group itself 1. Loyalty and Identity 2. Drive to purity To define who we are - or want to be Social yardstick of where we are Net
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
BUREAUCRACY1. Ultimate form of rational organizationRational (Weber): Means - Ends2. Secondary GroupGroup dedicated to a function Each component for that function3. Mass SocietyToo many people to react to individually Category becomes prima
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
CHARACTERISTICS OF BUREAUCRACY1. Hierarchal OrganizationClear cut levels Assignments flow downward Accountability flows upward2. Division of LaborEach part responsible for specific task And - only that task3. Written Rules and RegulationsTas
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
LEADERSHIP TYPES: 1. Instrumental - task leader 2. Expressive - emotional leader STYLES: 1. Authoritarian 2. Democratic 3. Laissez-faire The effectiveness of any TYPE and of any STYLE relates to thea. b. c. d. Task on hand Characteristics of the gro
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
Second Section:1. Culture - What is it? 2. Subcultures and Countercultures 3. The Social Construction of Reality 4. Culture Lag 5. The Media and Technology 6. The Future
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
CULTUREDefined by its components: 1. Values Statements of preference Value Clusters 2. Beliefs Statements about existence Ideology 3. Norms Rules - Prescriptive and Proscriptive Sanctions - Positive and Negative Folkways - Mores - Law 4. Actions Ges
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
CULTUREDefined by its components: 1. Values Statements of preference Value Clusters 2. Beliefs Statements about existence Ideology 3. Norms Rules - Prescriptive and Proscriptive Sanctions - Positive and Negative Folkways - Mores - Law 4. Actions Ges
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY1. Culture defines our reality Ethnocentrism - Morality - Cultural Relativism 2. We "create" our world through symbolic communication - primarily LANGUAGE LANGUAGE 1. A system of signs with Grammar Vocabulary 2. Expands
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
GENDER RISKS 1. Sexual Harrassment a. Structural, not individual, problem b. Men as well - but predominantly women as victims 2. Violence a. Rape - Sexual Assault Date - Marital b. Domestic Violence If I can't have you. Women in abusive relationships
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
AGE I. BIOLOGICAL a. Size - capabilities b. Hormones c. Gains and losses II. SOCIAL a. "Proper action" by age in society b. Creation of "ages" c. Depends upon social/economic time and place 1. Childhood - Renaissance 2. Adolescence - Industrial Revol
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
AGING - GROWING OLD(ER) 1. Life Expectancy a. Also - infant mortality b. Life Span 2. The Graying of America a. Overall b. Distribution c. Geographic d. Power
Texas San Antonio - SOC - 1013
THE MEANING OF AGE I. Depends upon a. Time b. Place c. Economy II. The demands of survival or prosperity a. Agricultural - old are resource b. Tribal/warrior - old are liability c. Industrial - old are inconvenience d. Post-modern - old are. Invisibl