ELEC2500.2003.S2.CALLAGHAN ELEC2500 Introduction to Telecommunications Lecture 38 Course summary and exam overview Organisation of exam Brief overview of major themes in course Sketch of theme(s) in each question Lecture 38 Page 1 ELEC2500 final exam Exam is on morning of Monday, November 15 (9:15pm start) Exam location(s) will be advised to School of EE&amp;CS in the week commencing Friday, 29 October _ keep an eye on School noticeboards three (3) hours duration final exam has six (6) questions: suggest spending approximately 30 minutes on each question all required data will be provided closed-book exam--no notes or books allowed hand-held non-programmable calculators allowed (and strongly recommended!) answers are to be written in exam booklets supplied not on examination papers, as done for quizzes exam cover sheet and formula sheets will be available for inspection on Blackboard a &quot;Final exam&quot; folder is available from Course Documents link best study guides are lecture notes, tutorial questions, and two quizzes Lecture 38 no past papers are available Page 2 Major themes of ELEC2500 (= major themes of exam) Weeks 1 &amp; 2 (Lectures 1 6) electromagnetic spectrum, spectrum analysis, bandwidth and information capacity of channels Weeks 3 &amp; 4 (Lectures 7 12) modulation (AM/FM), decibels and noise Weeks 5 &amp; 6 (Lectures 14 18) twisted pairs, wireless channel, antennas, fibre optics Weeks 7 &amp; 8 (Lectures 19 24) digital communications, pulse code modulation, error control, <a href="/keyword/forward-error-correction/" >forward error correction</a> Weeks 9 &amp; 10 (Lectures 26-30) Public switched telephone system, cellular networks, evolution of GSM, CDMA for wireless communications Weeks 11-13 (Lectures 31 37) Lecture 38 Networks, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, application layer Page 3 A guide to the ELEC2500 exam In preparing this guide, I've listed topics which could reasonably be expected to be examined Not all topics below are guaranteed to be in the exam! Where appropriate, concepts listed below under one question might instead (or also) be assessed in another question Generally observation: Majority (say, 80_90%) of questions are quantitative (numerical), so again: don't forget your calculator!! Lecture 38 Page 4 A guide to the ELEC2500 exam Question 1 velocity/frequency/wavelength; frequency sharing; frequency-domain representation of sinusoids; Fourier decomposition of square waves; superposition; DC offsets; concept of modulation; comparison of amplitude and frequency modulation (AM and FM); multiple access; CDMA; Shannon channel capacity; representing AM waveforms; sidebands; modulation index Question 2 AM in time- and frequency-domain; power distribution in AM waveforms; spectral and power inefficiency of AM; DSB-SC; SSB; VSB; spectrum of PAL TV system; frequency modulation (FM); FM modulation index; frequency analysis of FM waves; use of Bessel functions; bandwidth requirements of FM; decibels; dB for power and voltage gain; dB reference values; multistage calculations with dBs; noise sources and classifications; thermal noise; Gaussian noise; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); noise figure calculations Lecture 38 Page 5 A guide to the ELEC2500 exam Question 3 twisted-pairs; subscriber loops; single-ended and differential mode systems; common-mode signals; common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR); capacity of an ADSL channel; characteristics of the wireless channel; free-space path loss; total loss; fading; inter-symbol interference; dealing with the wireless channel; antenna characterisation: polar plots, gain and beamwidth; half-wavelength dipole; parabolic reflectors; gain and beamwidth of parabolic dishes; benefits and limitations of fibre-optic communications; total internal reflection and the critical angle; fibre types; sources of loss; light sources and detectors Lecture 38 Question 4 digital vs. analog signals; regeneration and SNR; resolution and dynamic range of analog-to-digital converters (ADC); quantisation noise; distortions due to sampling; Nyquist sampling theorem; pulse code modulation (PCM); Nyquist bandwidth; advantages and disadvantages of PCM; companding; delta modulation; amplitude-shift keying (ASK); symbol rate vs. bit rate; frequency-shift keying (FSK); optimum receivers; binary phase-shift keying (BPSK); BPSK receiver; quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK); <a href="/keyword/quadrature-amplitude-modulation/" >quadrature amplitude modulation</a> (QAM); constellations; parity checks and their limitations; <a href="/keyword/cyclic-redundancy-check/" ><a href="/keyword/cyclic-redundancy/" >cyclic redundancy</a> check</a> (CRC) Page 6 codes; automatic repeat request (ARQ); linear block codes; parity-check and generator matrices; code rate; minimum distance; Hamming distance; maximumlikelihood decoding; coding gain A guide to the ELEC2500 exam Question 5 public switched telephone system (PSTN); hierarchical views of PSTN; switching devices; pulse and tone dialing; time-division multiplexing of voice signals; circuit switching vs. packet switching; frequency re-use in cellular systems; influence of cell size on cellular system capacity; time- and frequency-division duplexing; evolution of second generation GSM telephone system; CDMA for wireless communications; CDMA, FDMA and TDMA multiple access schemes Question 6 nodes + links + protocols = networks; network topologies: one-to-all (mesh), star, ring and bus; logical vs. physical topology; the 5-layered Internet model: application, transport, network, data link and physical layers;...