Coursehero >> California >> Berkeley >> L&S C30T

Course Hero has millions of student submitted documents similar to the one below including study guides, homework solutions, papers, exam answer keys and textbook solutions.

L&S C30T Drugs in the Brain Lecture 24: LSD P66 Psychedelic notes Psychedelics Psychedelic = "mind revealing" Psych = spirit/soul/mind Deloun = to show/make manifest/reveal Aldous Huxley (1894-1963) and Humphry Osmond (1917-2004), correspondence in 1956 Osmond treat patients with psychedelics Osmond give Huxley psychedelic coming from peyote cactus Huxley wrote book Doors of Perception Huxley: "to make this trivial world sublime, take half-a-gram of phanerothyme" Osmond: "to fathom hell or soar angelic, just take a pinch of psychedelic" Also called hallucinogens = producing hallucinations Halluncinari = to wander in the mind Sometimes called psychotomimetics = mimicking psychosis Entheogen = generating god within Plants of the Gods by Richard Evans Schultes (pioneering Harvard ethnobotanist) and Albert Hofmann (1st discovered LSD & characterized its effects) Plant psychedelics Long and rich history of: spiritual, religious, shamanic, healing, therapeutic, ritual use by indigenous cultures Effects of psychedelics on the mind heightened awareness of external sensory input visual, auditory, tactile of internal thoughts and feelings increased emotional tone to stimuli dreamlike imagery and feelings (similar to opiates) distortions of sensory perception hallucinations--seeing and hearing things not actually there synesthesia--mixing of sensory information (ex. Seeing colors associated with sounds heard) loosening of psychological defenses psychological defenses--abstract procedure mind goes through to relieve anxiety by keeping us out of touch with things that might cause us anxiety beneficial for therapeutic work anxiety and panic may occur may vary powerfully with set and setting set = the mental and physical state of the user, including expectations, prior experience, personality, and current state of mind setting= the environment in which use occurs effects are dose dependent, ranging from mild distortions in sense of self to profound emotionally-charged mystical experiences many of the known psychedelic chemicals fall into two broad chemical categories (reader p77) tryptamines--LSD is a tryptmine phenethylamine backbone of amphetamine LSD = lysergic acid diethylamide (NEED TO KNOW FOR TEST!!!) Mescaline first psychedelic to be found LSD chemical structure--4 rings of atoms, 2 ethyl groups, carbons and nitrogens Has triptomine Classified as a schedule one drug by the US controlled substance act "no currently accepted medical use, lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision, high potential for abuse" Internationally classified as a schedule one substance by the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances Albert Hofman Born 1906 Sandoz Pharmaceuticals (pharmaceutical chemist) Basel, Switzerland Synthesized LSD in 1938, and then again in 1943 Discovered the powerful psychoactive effects in 1943 Swiss chemist who discovered LSD and its powerful effects on the mind His autobiographical description of his discovery: LSD: My Problem Child Fungus he worked with called Claviceps purpurea ergot--grows on cereal grasses Ergotamine and other ergot alkaloids Hofmann was making chemical modifications 1938, one of the chemical modifications was LSD-25, 25th compounds in series of derivatives 1943, remade LSD chemical in midst of WWII Unusual thing to happen because pharmaceutical companies usually don't have time to remake things 1943 ate less than a quarter of a milligram Huge dose because most potent ever found Psychological state compromised by fact his family was out of town Pivotal in neuroscience because shows most of what is going on in brain is chemical LSD has extremely potent psychedelic psychoactivity Most potent psychoactive chemical derived from a natural product Threshold dose: ~10 micrograms (g) Typical psychedelic dose: 40 to 400 g Current unit dose on the illicit market: ~65 g Duration of action: ~10 hours Efficient oral and digestive-system absorption LSD Historical Timeline (NOT IN READER) 1950s 1960s clinical research in the treatment of addiction, psychosis, and other mental illnesses 1950s--CIA and other government "research" Late 1950s--information open to the product Early 1960s--Timothy Leary, Richard Alpert (later Ram Dass) and the Harvard Group Early 1960s--Ken Kesey, the Merry Pranksters, and San Francisco Bay Area Tests 1960s--Augustus Owsley Stanley III, first person to start making a lab before it was illegal in Bay Area Delysid lysergic acid diethylamid (LSD) Produced and distributed free of charge by Sandoz for clinical research during the 1950s 1960s Stanislav Grof wrote LSD Psychotherapy Bill Wilson--founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) in 1935 Experienced LSD psychotherapy session in 1950s Aldous Huxley British author famous for his book Brave New World Mescaline experience with psychiatrist Humphry Osmond in Los Angeles, May 1953 Wrote about in his book The Doors of Perception (1954) Timothy Leary 1920-1996 Prominent public advocate for LSD use President Nixon called him "the most dangerous man in America" PhD--Clinical Psychology from UC Berkeley in 1950 Dissertation: "The Social Dimensions of Personality: Group Structure and Process" Ken Kesey 1935-2001 Great American author of One Few Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Sometimes a Great Nation Augustus Owsley Stanley III San Francisco Bay Area LSD chemist of the 1960s Packaging of LSD Blotter--perforated so 30x30 doses of LSD, torn up into little dosage units

Find millions of documents here - Study Guides, Homework Solutions, Papers, Exam Answer Keys and more. Course Hero has millions of course related materials that will enable you to learn better, faster and get an A in all your courses.
Below is a small sample set of documents: