and Biotechnology Bioethics
Biotechnology and Society BLS 411 Tuesday and Thursday 1:15 to 3:20 UW2-240 Class Number 10 February 6, 2003 Fukuyama Chapters 3
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Why this course?
Intersection of biology, society, politics and the individual Effects on the Brain
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Drug Abuse
CH3 National Institute of Drug Abuse http://www.drugabuse.gov/ Link O N
What Is This?
O CH3 N
1 3 7
N CH3
N
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Nicotine
N
Key Words
CH3
N
Dose / Response Risk = Hazard X Exposure Individual Sensitivity
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Normal Receptor-Ligand Interaction 1 2
Cell Membrane
Inactivation of Receptor by Toxicant 1
Toxicant
Ligand Receptor
Outside Cell Inside Cell
2
Ligand binds to receptor Signal Protein
3
Positive Response
Toxicant inactivates receptor
3
No Response
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Competition For Receptor
1 2
Ligand Toxicant
Block Reuptake
Toxicant blocks reuptake or metabolisms of ligand
1
Toxicant Ligand
Toxicant out competes normal ligand
3
Ligand cannot bind receptor
2
3
More ligand available
No Response
More Response
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03 Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Chapter 3
Sigmund Freud
18561939, Austrian psychiatrist, founder of psychoanalysis "The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above water." Oedipus complex, the unconscious, penis envy, the death wish ...... Mental illness depression schizophrenia primarily psychological in nature
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03 Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Neuropharmacology
Mental Disease??
Manic, schizophrenia Anxiety Benzodiazepines - Diazepam (valium) Barbiturates Ethanol Depression ADD or ADHD Not feeling good
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Pharmacology History
1960s thorazine, librium, ritalin, lithium 1970s ritalin~2, serentil, akineton, loxitane 1980s ativan, lithobid three generations of Valium valium~1965, valium~1981, valium~1993 1990s lustral, xanax, lexomil, anafranil, humoryl, tranxene, luvox, ambien, serzone, prozac, wellbutrin, adderall, prozac~2, thymatron
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Lithium
Metal (Li) Some of the characteristics of Na+ and K+ 1949 John Cade doing animal studies saw animals become lethargic and gave it to manic psychiatric patients Mechanism of action unknown Side effects cardiac, nausea, sedation, fine tremor
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
NIMH
National Institute of Mental Health http://www.nimh.nih.gov/ link
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Mental Disorders
An estimated 22.1 percent of Americans ages 18 and older--about 1 in 5 adults--suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year About 45 million people http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/numbers .cfm
Depression?
Do you have a hard time enjoying the things you used to? Do you frequently feel overwhelmed? Have uncontrollable feelings of guilt or worthlessness and low motivation? Find it difficult to concentrate? Notice that you're sleeping too much or too little? Many of the signs of depression are easy to miss. These symptoms are often your mind's way of telling you something is wrong. They can be part of everyday life, or persistent signs of medical illness. From Lilly web site on Prozac
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Treatment?
Prozac(fluoxetine) Eli Lilly Zoloft(sertraline) - Pfizer Paxil(paroxetine) - GlaxoSmithKline Celina(citalopram) - Forest Pharmaceuticals,
Pozac
Web site http://www.prozac.com/ link
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Side effects?
Zoloft(sertraline) - Pfizer
If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking
sertraline and contact your doctor immediately or seek emergency medical treatment: an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives); an irregular heartbeat or pulse; low blood pressure (dizziness, weakness); high blood pressure (severe headache, blurred vision); or chills or fever. If you experience any of the following less serious side effects, continue taking sertraline and talk to your doctor: headache; nervousness, tremor, or anxiety; nausea, diarrhea, dry mouth, or changes in appetite or weight; sleepiness or insomnia; or decreased sex drive, impotence, or difficulty having an orgasm
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Prozac consumption?
28 million Americans or 10% of population have consumed More women than men Books pro and cons
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Prozac bigger issues?
Recognition?
Desire of all people have for recognition Plato's Republic (soul?) Desiring part Rational part Thymos - - spiritedness, prideful side Motivation economic "invisible hand" Mine is bigger that yours!!!!!
Self-worth Self-esteem
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Historic Recognition?
Hegel historic process driven by desire for "recognition" Master vs slave (dominance) Wars Not just human Back to genes biological bases
Cosmetic Pharmacology?
Recognition related to brain serotonin levels Back to prozac (SSRI's) Increase feeling of self-worth, confidence, self-esteem Huxley's Brave New World
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
ADHD
Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) In 1980, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), a list of behaviors, was voted to be a mental disorder at a committee meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (APA), and included in the APA Diagnostic & Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, DSM-III (third edition).
ADHD More
In 1987, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), was literally voted into existence by the American Psychiatric Association and inserted in the DSM-IV. Within one year, 500,000 children in the U.S. were diagnosed with the disorder. 1998 - "...We do not have an independent, valid test for ADHD, and there are no data to indicate that ADHD is due to a brain malfunction." - National Institutes of Health - Consensus Conference on ADHD
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03
Ritalin
Methylphenidate
Ritalin-1
National Institute of Drug abuse http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofax/ritalin.html Link "Methylphenidate is a medication prescribed for individuals (usually children) who have an abnormally high level of activity or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). According to the National Institute of Mental Health, about 3 to 5 percent of the general population has the disorder, which is characterized by agitated behavior and an inability to focus on tasks."
Class 10 Fukuyama 3 2/6/03 Class 10 Fu...